Kwicandelo lezixhobo zemibhobho yemizi-mveliso, umgangatho waseMelikaI-ASME SA335/ASTM A335 P9Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ze-alloy zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezizodwa. Abantu abaninzi bayaxakeka: Yenziwe ngantoni i-P9? Yeyiphi inqanaba kumgangatho wesizwe i-P9 efana nayo? Yeyiphi i-P9 ehambelana nayo kumgangatho wesizwe? Nantsi impendulo eneenkcukacha kuwe.

I. Iimpawu kunye neeNdawo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-P9
I-ASME SA335/ASTM A335 P9 esemgangathweni yaseMelika ngumbhobho wentsimbi ongenanto oxutyiweyo we-ferritic alloy olungiselelwe iimeko zokusebenza ezishushu kakhulu. Injongo yayo ephambili yokuvelisa kukubonelela ngeebhoyila ezishushu kakhulu, ezishushu kakhulu nezishushu kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neetyhubhu ze-superheater, iityhubhu ze-reheater, iityhubhu zesikhokelo segesi kunye neetyhubhu eziphambili zomphunga. Kwishishini le-petrochemical, ukuveliswa kweebhoyila ezishushu kakhulu, ii-superheater, ii-heat exchangers kunye nee-fittings zepayipi nako akunakukwazi ngaphandle kweetyhubhu ze-P9 ezishushu kakhulu. Ingagcina iipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ezinxulumene noko.
Ii. Uthelekiso lwe-P9 kunye neeklasi ezisemgangathweni zeSizwe
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimigangatho yaseMelikaI-ASTM A335 P9Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-alloy ulingana nomgangatho we-12Cr9Mo we-GB/T 5310 esemgangathweni waseTshayina. Xa kuthelekiswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, iipropati zoomatshini kunye nemeko yokuhanjiswa, ezi zimbini zifana kakhulu kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngokutshintshana. Kwimveliso yokwenyani yemizi-mveliso, ukuqonda olu lwalamano luhambelanayo kunokunceda amashishini ukuba abe nokuguquguquka ngakumbi ekukhetheni izinto kwaye ahlangabezane neemfuno zeprojekthi phantsi kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo.

Iii. Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweMigangatho yokuSebenza
Imigangatho yokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-P9 superalloy yi-ASME SA335/SA335M kunye ne-ASTM A335/A335M, kwaye iphantse ifane nemigangatho yesizwe.I-GB/T 9948, GB/T 5310kunye nomgangatho waseMelikaI-ASTM A213Ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kule migangatho kwimveliso kuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka komgangatho weepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ze-P9, nto leyo evumela ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuno kwaye zisetyenziswe kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kwihlabathi liphela.

Iv. Ukutyhilwa koBume beeKhemikhali
Imibhobho yesinyithi engenamthungo ye-ASTM A335 P9 esemgangathweni yaseMelika inemigangatho engqongqo yokwakheka kweekhemikhali:

C: ≤0.15. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lomxholo wekhabhoni lubaluleke kakhulu ekulinganiseni amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi.
I-silicon: 0.25~1.00. I-element ye-silicon inceda ukomeleza amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi.
I-Mn: 0.30-0.60. I-Manganese idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi.
P≤0.025. Ukulawula ngokungqongqo umxholo we-phosphorus kunokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwentsimbi.
S≤0.025. Umthamo wesalfure ofanelekileyo unokunciphisa ukuqhawuka kwentsimbi eshushu.
Cr: 8.00-10.00. I-Chromium iphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukugqwala kunye nokuxhathisa i-oxidation yentsimbi.
Mo: 0.90-1.10. I-Molybdenum yongeza ngakumbi amandla, ukuqina kunye namandla obushushu entsimbi.
Ezi zinto zisebenza ngokubambisana ukubonelela imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-P9 alloy ngentsebenzo egqwesileyo.

V. Umboniso weePropati zoMatshini
Iimpawu zoomatshini zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-P9 alloy nazo zibalasele kakhulu:

Amandla okutsalwa yi-≥415Mpa, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba ayiqhekezi xa itsalwa ngamandla okutsalwa.
Amandla okuvelisa yi-≥205Mpa, nto leyo ebonisa amandla abalaseleyo okulwa nokuguqulwa kwesimo.
Izinga lokunwebeka eliyi-≥22% libonisa ukuba izinto zineempawu ezithile zokuguquguquka.
Ezi mpawu zoomatshini ziyenza isebenze ngokuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezinzima. Emva koko, yenziwa njani ipayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-A335 P9 eneempawu zoomatshini ezibalaseleyo kangaka? Cofa kwikhonkco levidiyo: Ukuveliswa kwepayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-A335 P9 kunye nokuhamba kwenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuze ufunde malunga nenkqubo yonke kuquka imveliso kunye nonyango lobushushu.

Vi. Imeko yokuhanjiswa kunye neMilinganiselo yoBuchule
Imeko yokuhanjiswa: Ihlala ivalwe ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe nge-isothermal, ivalwe ngokwesiqhelo + ithambe. Olu nyango lwemeko yokuhanjiswa lunokuqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho yentsimbi isebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokuhanjiswa, ihlangabezana neemfuno zokucubungula nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Iinkcukacha kunye nobukhulu: Zigubungela uluhlu lwe-60.3-765*2-120. Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zobubanzi ziquka i-60.3, 73, 88.9, 114.3, 168.3, 219.1, 273.1, 323.9, 355.6, 406.4, 457.2, 508, 559, 610, 660, 711, kunye ne-762. Kakade ke, ezinye iisayizi zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno ezikhethekileyo zabathengi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeenkcukacha zeprojekthi.
Nokuba ngabaqalayo kwimizi-mveliso ukuqonda ulwazi lwezinto eziphathekayo okanye ziingcali ukukhetha izixhobo zeeprojekthi, ukuqonda okubanzi ngemibhobho yesinyithi engenamthungo yaseMelika ye-ASME SA335/ASTM A335 P9 kubaluleke kakhulu, okunokwenza kube lula inkqubela phambili ethe tye kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.