bututun ƙarfe mara sumul ASTM A335 bututun tukunyar jirgi mai matsin lamba mai ƙarfi
| Daidaitacce:ASTM A335 | Alloy ko A'a: Alloy |
| Rukunin Aji: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 Da sauransu. | Aikace-aikace: Bututun tukunya |
| Kauri: 1 - 100 mm | Maganin Fuskar Sama: Kamar yadda Abokin Ciniki Yake Bukatarsa |
| Diamita na Waje (Zagaye): 10 - 1000 mm | Dabara: An yi birgima da zafi/An ja shi da sanyi |
| Tsawon: Tsawon da Aka Daidaita Ko Tsawon da Ba a Zato Ba | Maganin Zafi: Zubar da Ruwa/Daidaita/Tsaftacewa |
| Siffar Sashe: Zagaye | Bututu Na Musamman: Bututun Bango Mai Kauri |
| Wurin Asali: China | Amfani: Babban Bututun Tururi, Mai Sauya Tukunya da Zafi |
| Takardar Shaida: ISO9001:2008 | Gwaji: ET/UT |
Ana amfani da shi galibi don yin bututun tukunyar ƙarfe mai inganci, bututun da ake musayar zafi, bututun tururi mai ƙarfi don masana'antar mai da sinadarai.
Daraja na bututun ƙarfe mai inganci: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 da sauransu
| Matsayi | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.50 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 1.00~1.50 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0.50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0.60 |
Sabuwar takardar da aka kafa bisa ga Dokar E 527 da SAE J1086, Dokar Lissafin Karfe da Alloys (UNS). B Grade P 5c zai kasance yana da sinadarin titanium wanda bai gaza sau 4 na sinadarin carbon ba kuma bai wuce 0.70% ba; ko kuma sinadarin columbium wanda ya ninka yawan sinadarin carbon sau 8 zuwa 10.
| Kayayyakin injina | P1, P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Ƙarfin tauri | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| Ƙarfin bayarwa | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
| Matsayi | Nau'in Maganin Zafi | Daidaita Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | Ƙararrawa ko Ƙarfafawa ta Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, da P22 | Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (b,c) | Cikakken ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| Subcritical Anneal (P5c kawai) | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | Cikakken ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | Cikakken ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | Cikakken ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Daidaita da kuma daidaita | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Ƙarfafawa da Hana | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
Ga bututun da aka tsara zuwa diamita na ciki, diamita na ciki bai kamata ya bambanta fiye da 6 1% daga diamita na ciki da aka ƙayyade ba
Bambance-bambancen da aka yarda a diamita na waje
| Mai Zaɓen NPS | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1/8 zuwa 11/2, gami da | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Sama da 11/2 zuwa 4, gami da | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 4 zuwa 8, gami da | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 8 zuwa 12, gami da | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 12 | Kashi 6 1% na ƙayyadadden waje diamita |
Gwajin Hydraustatic:
Ya kamata a gwada bututun ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da na'ura ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Matsakaicin matsin lamba na gwaji shine 20 MPa. A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na gwaji, lokacin daidaitawa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 10 S ba, kuma bututun ƙarfe bai kamata ya zube ba.
Bayan Mai Amfani Ya Amince, Za a iya maye gurbin Gwajin Hydraulic da Gwajin Eddy Current ko Gwajin Magnetic Flux Leakage.
Gwajin da ba ya lalatawa:
Ya kamata a duba bututun da ke buƙatar ƙarin dubawa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar ultrasonic ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Bayan tattaunawar ta buƙaci amincewar ɓangaren kuma an ƙayyade ta a cikin kwangilar, za a iya ƙara wasu gwaje-gwaje marasa lalata.
Gwajin Faɗaɗawa:
Za a yi wa bututun da diamitansu ya fi mm 22 gwaji. Bai kamata a sami gogewa a bayyane, fari, ko datti a lokacin gwajin ba.
Gwajin Tauri:
Don bututun maki P91, P92, P122, da P911, za a yi gwajin taurin Brinell, Vickers, ko Rockwell akan samfurin da aka samo daga kowane yanki.
Gwajin Lanƙwasa:
Ga bututun da diamitarsa ta wuce NPS 25 kuma rabon kauri tsakaninsa da bango shine 7.0 ko ƙasa da haka, za a yi masa gwajin lanƙwasa maimakon gwajin lanƙwasa. Sauran bututun da diamitansu ya yi daidai ko ya wuce NPS 10 za a iya ba shi gwajin lanƙwasa maimakon gwajin lanƙwasa bisa ga amincewar mai siye.
1. Lodawa ta hanyar akwati
2. Lodawa ta hanyar jigilar kaya mai yawa
ASTM A335 P5bututu ne mai kama da ƙarfe ... karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da karfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai
Bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na abubuwa banda carbon kamar nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium da iyakataccen adadin wasu abubuwa da aka saba karɓa kamar manganese, sulfur, silicon, da phosphorus.
Karfe mai kama da na cikin gida: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Ma'aunin Bututun Karfe Mara Sumul don Fasa Mai"
- Biyan Kuɗi: Kashi 30% na Ajiya, Kashi 70% na L/C Ko Kwafin B/L Ko Kashi 100% na L/C a Gani
- Ƙaramin Oda: Kwamfuta 1
- Ikon Samarwa: Kayayyakin Bututun Karfe na Shekara-shekara Tan 20000
- Lokacin Girki: Kwanaki 7-14 Idan Akwai Hannu, Kwanaki 30-45 Don Samarwa
- Marufi: Baƙin da ke ɓacewa, Bevel da Murfi ga kowane bututu guda ɗaya; OD ƙasa da 219mm ana buƙatar a saka a cikin kunshin, kuma kowane kunshin bai wuce tan 2 ba.
Bayani
| Daidaitacce:ASTM A335 | Alloy ko A'a: Alloy |
| Rukunin Aji: P5 | Aikace-aikace: Bututun tukunya |
| Kauri: 1 – 100 mm | Maganin Fuskar Sama: Kamar yadda Abokin Ciniki Yake Bukatarsa |
| Diamita na Waje (Zagaye): 10 – 1000 mm | Dabara: An yi birgima da zafi/An ja shi da sanyi |
| Tsawon: Tsawon da Aka Daidaita Ko Tsawon da Ba a Zato Ba | Maganin Zafi: Zubar da Ruwa/Daidaita/Tsaftacewa |
| Siffar Sashe: Zagaye | Bututu Na Musamman: Bututun Bango Mai Kauri |
| Wurin Asali: China | Amfani: Babban Bututun Tururi, Mai Sauya Tukunya da Zafi |
| Takardar Shaida: ISO9001:2008 | Gwaji: ET/UT |
Aikace-aikace
Ana Amfani da shi Musamman Don Yin Bututun Boiler Mai Inganci Mai Inganci na Alloy Steel Boiler, Bututun Musanya Zafi, Bututun Tururi Mai Matsi Mai Girma Don Masana'antar Man Fetur Da Sinadarai
Sinadaran Sinadarai
| Waƙoƙi | Bayanai |
| Naɗin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya | K41545 |
| Carbon (matsakaicin) | 0.15 |
| Manganese | 0.30-0.60 |
| Phosphorus (mafi girma) | 0.025 |
| Silicon (mafi girma) | 0.50 |
| Chromium | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molybdenum | 0.45-0.65 |
| Sauran Abubuwa | … |
Kadarar Inji
| Kadarorin | Bayanai |
| Ƙarfin Tashin Hankali, Ma'auni, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ƙarfin Yawa, Ma'auni, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Tsawaita, Matsakaici, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Maganin Zafi
| Matsayi | Nau'in Maganin Zafi | Daidaita Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | Ƙararrawa ko Ƙarfafawa ta Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, da P22 | Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (B,C) | Cikakken Ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| A335 P5b | Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | Subcritical Anneal | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] |
Haƙuri
Don bututun da aka yi odar diamita a ciki, diamita a ciki ba zai bambanta fiye da ±1% daga diamita a ciki da aka ƙayyade ba
Bambancin da Za a Iya Yi a Diamita ta Waje
| Mai Zaɓen NPS | Haƙuri Mai Kyau | rashin haƙuri mara kyau | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1/8 zuwa 11/2, Har da | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Sama da 11⁄2 Zuwa 4, ciki har da | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 4 zuwa 8, ciki har da | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 8 zuwa 12, ciki har da | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 12 | ±1% Na Adadin da Aka ƙayyade A waje diamita | |||
Bukatar Gwaji
Gwajin Hydraustatic:
Ya kamata a gwada bututun ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da na'ura ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Matsakaicin matsin lamba na gwaji shine 20 MPa. A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na gwaji, lokacin daidaitawa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 10 S ba, kuma bututun ƙarfe bai kamata ya zube ba.
Bayan Mai Amfani Ya Amince, Za a iya maye gurbin Gwajin Hydraulic da Gwajin Eddy Current ko Gwajin Magnetic Flux Leakage.
Gwajin da ba ya lalatawa:
Ya kamata a duba bututun da ke buƙatar ƙarin dubawa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar ultrasonic ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Bayan tattaunawar ta buƙaci amincewar ɓangaren kuma an ƙayyade ta a cikin kwangilar, za a iya ƙara wasu gwaje-gwaje marasa lalata.
Gwajin Faɗaɗawa:
Za a yi wa bututun da diamitansu ya fi mm 22 gwaji. Bai kamata a sami gogewa a bayyane, fari, ko datti a lokacin gwajin ba.
Gwajin Tauri:
Don gwajin taurin Brinell, Vickers, ko Rockwell, za a yi gwajin taurin kai a kan samfurin daga kowane yanki.
Gwajin Lanƙwasa:
Ga Bututun da diamitarsa ta wuce NPS 25 kuma wanda diamitarsa da kaurinsa ya kai 7.0 ko ƙasa da haka, za a yi masa gwajin lanƙwasa maimakon gwajin lanƙwasa. Sauran Bututun da diamitansu ya yi daidai ko ya wuce NPS 10 za a iya ba shi gwajin lanƙwasa a madadin gwajin lanƙwasa bisa ga amincewar mai siye.
Kayan Aiki & Kerawa
Ana iya amfani da bututun da aka gama da zafi ko sanyi ta hanyar amfani da hanyar da aka bayyana a ƙasa.
Maganin Zafi
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Gwaje-gwajen Inji da aka ƙayyade
- Gwajin Tashin Hankali Mai Juyawa Ko Tsayi da Gwajin Faɗi, Gwajin Tauri, ko Gwajin Lanƙwasa
- Don zafin kayan da aka yi wa magani a cikin tanderu mai nau'in rukuni, za a yi gwaji a kan kashi 5% na bututun da aka yi wa magani daga kowace ƙasa. Ga ƙananan wurare, za a gwada aƙalla bututu ɗaya.
- Don zafin kayan da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar ci gaba da aiki, za a yi gwaje-gwaje a kan isasshen adadin bututun da zai iya zama kashi 5% na yankin, amma a kowane hali ba kasa da bututu 2 ba.
Bayanan kula don Gwajin Lanƙwasa:
- Ga bututun da diamitarsa ta wuce NPS 25 kuma rabon kauri tsakanin diamita da bango shine 7.0 ko ƙasa da haka, za a yi masa gwajin lanƙwasa maimakon gwajin lanƙwasa.
- Ana iya ba wa wani bututun da diamitansa ya yi daidai ko ya wuce NPS 10 gwajin lanƙwasa maimakon gwajin lanƙwasa bisa ga amincewar mai siye.
- Za a lanƙwasa samfuran gwajin lanƙwasa a zafin ɗaki har zuwa digiri 180 ba tare da fashewa a wajen ɓangaren lanƙwasa ba.
ASTM A335 P5Bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul sun dace da ruwa, tururi, hydrogen, mai tsami, da sauransu. Idan ana amfani da shi don tururin ruwa, matsakaicin zafin aiki shine 650℃; Idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin matsakaici mai aiki kamar man tsami, yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa ta sulfur mai zafi, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin yanayin tsatsa ta sulfur mai zafi na 288~550℃.
Tsarin samarwa:
1. Mirgina mai zafi (bututun ƙarfe mara sumul) : bututun zagaye billet → dumama → huda → birgima mai birgima uku, birgima mai ci gaba ko fitarwa → cire bututu → girma (ko ragewa) → sanyaya → miƙewa → gwajin matsin lamba na ruwa (ko gano lahani) → alama → ajiya
2. Bututun ƙarfe mara shinge (na birgima) mai santsi: bututun zagaye billet → dumama → huda → kan → annealing → pickling → mai (rufe jan ƙarfe) → zane mai sanyi mai wucewa da yawa (birgima mai sanyi) → bututu mara komai → maganin zafi → miƙewa → gwajin matsin lamba na ruwa (gano lahani) → alama → ajiya
Yanayin Aikace-aikace:
A cikin na'urorin da ke sarrafa man fetur mai yawan sulfur,ASTM A335 P5Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe marasa shinge galibi don bututun ƙasa na hasumiyoyin yanayi da na injin tururi, bututun tanderu na tanderun yanayi da na injin tururi, sassan manyan layukan canza mai na yanayi da na injin tururi da sauran bututun mai da iskar gas masu zafi waɗanda ke ɗauke da sulfur.
A cikin raka'o'in FCC,ASTM A335 P5Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe marasa sulfur galibi a cikin bututun mai mai zafi, mai hana kumburi da mai dawo da ruwa, da kuma wasu bututun mai da iskar gas masu zafi.
A cikin na'urar yin coke mai jinkiri,ASTM A335 P5Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe mara sulfur galibi don bututun ciyar da zafin jiki mai yawa a ƙasan hasumiyar coke da bututun mai da iskar gas mai zafi a saman hasumiyar coke, bututun tanderu a ƙasan tanderun coke, bututu a ƙasan hasumiyar fracking da wasu bututun mai da iskar gas mai zafi mai ɗauke da sulfur.
Bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na abubuwa banda carbon kamar nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium da iyakataccen adadin wasu abubuwa da aka saba karɓa kamar manganese, sulfur, silicon, da phosphorus..
ASTM A335 P9 bututun ferritic mai zafi mai ƙarfi ne na ƙarfe mai ƙarfe wanda aka yi da ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai kauri. Bututun ƙarfe wani nau'in bututun ƙarfe ne mara shinge, aikinsa ya fi bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na gabaɗaya girma, saboda wannan nau'in bututun ƙarfe yana ɗauke da ƙarin C, aikin bai kai bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na yau da kullun ba, don haka ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe sosai a fannin man fetur, sararin samaniya, sinadarai, wutar lantarki, tukunyar jirgi, sojoji da sauran masana'antu.
A335 P9ƙarfe ne mai jure zafi mai zafi wanda aka samar bisa ga ƙa'idar Amurka. Saboda kyakkyawan juriyarsa ga iskar shaka, ƙarfin zafin jiki mai yawa da juriyar tsatsa ta sulfide, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin bututun mai masu zafi da zafi mai yawa na masana'antar tace mai, musamman bututun zafi kai tsaye na tanderun dumama, matsakaicin zafin jiki na iya kaiwa 550-600℃.
Karfe mai kama da na cikin gida: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Ma'aunin Bututun Karfe Mara Sumul don Fasa Mai"
Bayani
| Daidaitacce:ASTM A335 | Alloy ko A'a: Alloy |
| Rukunin Aji: P9 | Aikace-aikace: Bututun tukunya |
| Kauri: 1 – 100 mm | Maganin Fuskar Sama: Kamar yadda Abokin Ciniki Yake Bukatarsa |
| Diamita na Waje (Zagaye): 10 – 1000 mm | Dabara: An yi birgima da zafi/An ja shi da sanyi |
| Tsawon: Tsawon da Aka Daidaita Ko Tsawon da Ba a Zato Ba | Maganin Zafi: Zubar da Ruwa/Daidaita/Tsaftacewa |
| Siffar Sashe: Zagaye | Bututu na musamman: Bututun Bango Mai Kauri |
| Wurin Asali: China | Amfani: Babban Bututun Tururi, Mai Sauya Tukunya da Zafi |
| Takardar Shaida: ISO9001:2008 | Gwaji: ET/UT |
Sinadaran Sinadarai
Sinadarin sinadarai na bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul don fashewar man fetur
| ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
Kadarar Inji
| Kadarorin | Bayanai |
| Ƙarfin tauri, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ƙarfin bayarwa, min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Tsawaita, min, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Maganin Zafi
|
Matsayi | Nau'in Maganin Zafi | Daidaita Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | Ƙararrawa ko Ƙarfafawa ta Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, da P22 | |||
| A335 P9 | Cikakken Ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9Ana iya magance zafi ta hanyar rage zafi ko daidaita yanayin zafi. Saurin sanyaya tsarin rage zafi yana da jinkiri, yana shafar yanayin samarwa, tsarin samarwa yana da wahalar sarrafawa, kuma yana da tsada mai yawa; Saboda haka, ainihin samarwa ba kasafai ake amfani da tsarin maganin zafi na rage zafi ba, galibi ana amfani da maganin zafi na daidaita zafi + na rage zafi maimakon tsarin rage zafi, don cimma samar da masana'antu.
A335 P9ƙarfe saboda ba ya ɗauke da V, Nb da sauran abubuwan da ke ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe, don haka zafin da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe A335 P91 ya yi ƙasa, 950~1050℃, a riƙe na tsawon awa 1, tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen daidaita yawancin carbide da aka narkar amma babu wani ci gaban hatsi a bayyane, amma zafin da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe yana da saurin kamuwa da ƙwayar austenite mai kauri: zafin da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe shine 740-790℃, don samun ƙarancin tauri, ya kamata a tsawaita lokacin zafin da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe yadda ya kamata.
Haƙuri
Don bututun da aka yi odar diamita a ciki, diamita a ciki ba zai bambanta fiye da ±1% daga diamita a ciki da aka ƙayyade ba
Bambancin da Za a Iya Yi a Diamita ta Waje
| Mai Zaɓen NPS | Haƙuri Mai Kyau | rashin haƙuri mara kyau | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1/8 zuwa 11/2, Har da | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Sama da 11⁄2 Zuwa 4, ciki har da | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 4 zuwa 8, ciki har da | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 8 zuwa 12, ciki har da | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 12 | ±1% Na Adadin da Aka ƙayyade | |||
Tsarin samarwa:
An tsara A335 bisa ga yanayin kayan aiki na bututun ƙarfe na Tianjin da halayensaA335 P9Tsarin gwaji na samar da bututun ƙarfe mara sulɓi na ƙarfe P9:Tanderu mai amfani da wutar lantarki, yin ƙarfe, yin amfani da ladle, → tsaftacewar ladle → cire gas ɗin injin → simintin ƙarfe → yin amfani da bututun ƙarfe → yin amfani da bututun ƙarfe → yin amfani da bututun ƙarfe → huda bututu → bututun ƙarfe mai ci gaba da PQF, birgima → girman birgima uku → sanyaya gado → ƙarshen bututu bisa ga yankewa → daidaita bututun ƙarfe → gano kwararar iskar maganadisu → maganin zafi → daidaita → gano lahani na ultrasonic → gwajin hydraulic → dubawa girma da bayyanar → ajiya.
tsarin masana'antu:
| Lambar abu | tsarin masana'antu | Kula da Aiki da Inganci | |||
| 1 | Taron kafin dubawa | Takaitattun Bayanan Taron | |||
| 2 | ASEA-SKF | Daidaita sinadaran abun da ke ciki | |||
| *Binciken sinadaran da aka yi | |||||
| *zafin narkewa | |||||
| 3 | CCM | billet | |||
| 4 | Binciken kayan ƙasa | Dubawa mara komai da tabbatar da inganci | |||
| *Yanayin Kamanni: Ya kamata saman billet ɗin ya kasance babu lahani kamar tabo, tarkace, ramuka, tsagewa, da sauransu. Bugawa, tarkace da ramuka ba za su wuce 2.5mm ba. | |||||
| 5 | Dumama mara komai | Dumama billets a cikin tanda mai juyawa | |||
| * Kula da zafin dumama | |||||
| 6 | huda bututu | Huda da naushi na farantin jagora/jagora | |||
| * Sarrafa zafin jiki lokacin hudawa | |||||
| * Sarrafa girman bayan hudawa | |||||
| 7 | An yi birgima mai zafi | Mirgina mai zafi a cikin injinan bututu masu ci gaba | |||
| *Saita kauri bangon bututun | |||||
| 8 | Girman | Girman diamita na waje da kauri bango na sarrafawa | |||
| * Cikakken injinan diamita na waje | |||||
| * Cikakken injinan kauri bango | |||||
| 9 | sinadaran abun da ke ciki | Binciken sinadaran abun da ke ciki | |||
| * Ka'idojin yarda da sinadaran da aka yi amfani da su. Ya kamata a rubuta sakamakon nazarin sinadaran a cikin littafin kayan aiki. | |||||
| 10 | Daidaita + Juriya | Ana yin maganin zafi (daidaitawa) bayan an yi birgima mai zafi. Ya kamata a kula da zafin jiki da tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka. | |||
| Bayan maganin zafi, halayen injina na samfurin yakamata su cika ka'idar ASTM A335 | |||||
| 11 | sanyaya iska | Gado mai sanyaya mataki-mataki | |||
| 12 | yanka | Saƙa zuwa tsawon da aka ƙayyade | |||
| * Kula da tsawon bututun ƙarfe | |||||
| 13 | Daidaito (idan ya cancanta) | Yana sarrafa lanƙwasa. | |||
| Bayan an daidaita shi, madaidaicin ya kamata ya yi daidai da ASTM A335 | |||||
| 14 | Dubawa da Karɓa | Bayyanar da Dubawa Mai Girma | |||
| *Ya kamata a yi haƙuri da girman ƙarfe daidai da ASTM A999 | |||||
| Lura: Juriyar diamita ta waje: ±0.75%D | |||||
| *Ya kamata a gudanar da duba kamanni ɗaya bayan ɗaya bisa ga ƙa'idar ASTM A999 don guje wa mummunan yanayin saman. | |||||
| 15 | gano aibi | *Ya kamata a duba dukkan jikin bututun ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da na'urar ultrasonic don gano lahani na tsayi bisa ga ISO9303/E213 | |||
| Gwajin Ultrasonic: | |||||
| 16 | Gwajin kadarorin injina | (1) Gwajin tensile (mai tsayi) da gwajin lanƙwasa | |||
| Mitar dubawa | 5%/baki, aƙalla bututu 2 | ||||
| Minti | Max | ||||
| P9 | Ƙarfin Yawa (Mpa) | 205 | |||
| Ƙarfin tensile (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| Ƙarawa | Dangane da ƙa'idar ASTM A335 | ||||
| Gwajin shimfidawa | Dangane da ƙa'idar ASTM A999 | ||||
| (2) Gwajin tauri | |||||
| Mitar gwaji: iri ɗaya da gwajin tensile | Guda 1/baki | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| Lura: Matsayin gwajin taurin Vickers: ISO6507 ko ASTM E92; | |||||
| Matsayin gwajin taurin Rockwell: ISO6508 ko ASTM E18 | |||||
| 17 | NDT | Za a gwada kowace bututun ƙarfe bisa ga buƙatun hanyoyin gwaji E213, E309 ko E570. | |||
| 18 | gwajin matsin lamba na ruwa | Gwajin Hydrostatic bisa ga ASTM A999, matsin lamba na gwaji | |||
| 19 | bevel | Daidaitawar gefen bututun ƙarfe biyu bisa ga ASTM B16.25fig.3(a) | |||
| 20 | Auna nauyi da tsayi | *Juriyar nauyi ɗaya: -6%~ +4%. | |||
| 21 | Tsarin bututu | Za a fesa saman bututun ƙarfen da ke wajensa bisa ga ƙa'idar ASTM A335 da buƙatun abokin ciniki. Abubuwan da ke cikin alamar sune kamar haka: | |||
| "Tsawon Nauyi TPCO ASTM A335 Girman Shekara-Wata P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE Lambar Zafi Lambar Rami | |||||
| 22 | fenti | An fenti saman bututun na waje bisa ga ƙa'idar masana'anta. | |||
| 23 | murfin ƙarshen bututu | **Ya kamata a sami murfi na filastik a ƙarshen kowane bututu biyu | |||
| 24 | jerin kayan aiki | *Ya kamata a samar da littafin kayan aiki bisa ga EN10204 3.1. "Ya kamata a nuna PO na Abokin Ciniki a cikin littafin kayan aiki." | |||
ASTM A335 P11 bututun ferritic mai zafi mai ƙarfi ne na ƙarfe mai ƙarfe wanda aka yi da ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai kauri. Bututun ƙarfe wani nau'in bututun ƙarfe ne mara shinge, aikinsa ya fi bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na gabaɗaya girma, saboda wannan nau'in bututun ƙarfe yana ɗauke da ƙarin C, aikin bai kai bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na yau da kullun ba, don haka ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe sosai a fannin man fetur, sararin samaniya, sinadarai, wutar lantarki, tukunyar jirgi, sojoji da sauran masana'antu.
Bayani
| Daidaitacce:ASTM A335 | Alloy ko A'a: Alloy |
| Rukunin Aji: P11 | Aikace-aikace: Bututun tukunya |
| Kauri: 1 – 100 mm | Maganin Fuskar Sama: Kamar yadda Abokin Ciniki Yake Bukatarsa |
| Diamita na Waje (Zagaye): 10 – 1000 mm | Dabara: An yi birgima da zafi/An ja shi da sanyi |
| Tsawon: Tsawon da Aka Daidaita Ko Tsawon da Ba a Zato Ba | Maganin Zafi: Zubar da Ruwa/Daidaita/Tsaftacewa |
| Siffar Sashe: Zagaye | Bututu na musamman: Bututun Bango Mai Kauri |
| Wurin Asali: China | Amfani: Babban Bututun Tururi, Mai Sauya Tukunya da Zafi |
| Takardar Shaida: ISO9001:2008 | Gwaji: ET/UT |
Sinadaran Sinadarai
Sinadarin sinadarai na bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul don fashewar man fetur
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
Kadarar Inji
| Kadarorin | Bayanai |
| Ƙarfin tauri, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ƙarfin bayarwa, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Maganin Zafi
|
Matsayi | Nau'in Maganin Zafi | Daidaita Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | Ƙararrawa ko Ƙarfafawa ta Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, da P22 | |||
| A335 P11 | Cikakken Ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250[650] |
Haƙuri
Don bututun da aka yi odar diamita a ciki, diamita a ciki ba zai bambanta fiye da ±1% daga diamita a ciki da aka ƙayyade ba
Bambancin da Za a Iya Yi a Diamita ta Waje
| Mai Zaɓen NPS | Haƙuri Mai Kyau | rashin haƙuri mara kyau | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1/8 zuwa 11/2, Har da | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Sama da 11⁄2 Zuwa 4, ciki har da | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 4 zuwa 8, ciki har da | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 8 zuwa 12, ciki har da | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 12 | ±1% Na Adadin da Aka ƙayyade | |||
ASTM A335 P22bututun ƙarfe ne mai laushi wanda ba shi da matsala don amfani da ferritic mai zafi. Bututun ƙarfe wani nau'in bututun ƙarfe ne mara matsala, aikinsa ya fi na bututun ƙarfe mara matsala gabaɗaya, saboda wannan nau'in bututun ƙarfe yana ɗauke da ƙarin C, aikin bai kai na bututun ƙarfe mara matsala na yau da kullun ba, don haka ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe sosai a fannin man fetur, sararin samaniya, sinadarai, wutar lantarki, tukunyar jirgi, sojoji da sauran masana'antu.
Bayani
| Daidaitacce:ASTM A335 | Alloy ko A'a: Alloy |
| Rukunin Aji: P22 | Aikace-aikace: Bututun tukunya |
| Kauri: 1 – 100 mm | Maganin Fuskar Sama: Kamar yadda Abokin Ciniki Yake Bukatarsa |
| Diamita na Waje (Zagaye): 10 – 1000 mm | Dabara: An yi birgima da zafi/An ja shi da sanyi |
| Tsawon: Tsawon da Aka Daidaita Ko Tsawon da Ba a Zato Ba | Maganin Zafi: Zubar da Ruwa/Daidaita/Tsaftacewa |
| Siffar Sashe: Zagaye | Bututu na musamman: Bututun Bango Mai Kauri |
| Wurin Asali: China | Amfani: Babban Bututun Tururi, Mai Sauya Tukunya da Zafi |
| Takardar Shaida: ISO9001:2008 | Gwaji: ET/UT |
Sinadaran Sinadarai
Sinadarin sinadarai na bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul don fashewar man fetur
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 |
Kadarar Inji
| Kadarorin | Bayanai |
| Ƙarfin tauri, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ƙarfin bayarwa, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Maganin Zafi
|
Matsayi | Nau'in Maganin Zafi | Daidaita Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | Ƙararrawa ko Ƙarfafawa ta Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, da P22 | |||
| A335 P22 | Cikakken Ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250[650] |
Haƙuri
Don bututun da aka yi odar diamita a ciki, diamita a ciki ba zai bambanta fiye da ±1% daga diamita a ciki da aka ƙayyade ba
Bambancin da Za a Iya Yi a Diamita ta Waje
| Mai Zaɓen NPS | Haƙuri Mai Kyau | rashin haƙuri mara kyau | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1/8 zuwa 11/2, Har da | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Sama da 11⁄2 Zuwa 4, ciki har da | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 4 zuwa 8, ciki har da | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 8 zuwa 12, ciki har da | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 12 | ±1% Na Adadin da Aka ƙayyade | |||
A335 P22 ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfin 2.25Cr-1Mo Chromium-molybdenum mai zafi mai zafi don tukunyar ruwa da masu dumama ruwa,ASTM A335/A335Mmisali. A shekarar 1985, an dasa shi zuwa GB5310 kuma aka sanya masa suna 12Cr2MoG. Sauran ƙasashe suna da irin wannan ma'aunin ƙarfe, kamar Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta Jamus 10CrMo910 da Japan STBA24. A cikin jerin ƙarfe na cr-1Mo, ƙarfin zafinsa yana da yawa, a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi iri ɗaya (zafin jiki ɗaya)≤580℃) Ƙarfin karyewar sukurori da matsin da aka yarda da shi ya fi ƙarfe 9CR-1Mo, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin sarrafawa da aikin walda, kyakkyawan juriyar filastik. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na aiki, kamar ƙarfin zafi, ƙarfin nukiliya da wasu kayan aikin hydrogen a cikin bututun dumama daban-daban da tasoshin matsin lamba mai yawa.
Zafin da aka yarda da shi: A335P22 (SA-213T22) galibi ana amfani da shi ne a cikin zafin bango na bututun wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 300,600MW da sauran manyan injin samar da wutar lantarki≤580℃zafin bango na superheater da bututu & LT;540℃Bututun tururi na bango da kan kai, wannan nau'in ƙarfe an yi amfani da shi sosai a Amurka, Japan da Turai, yana da dogon tarihin aiki a tashoshin wutar lantarki, aiki ne mai karko, kyakkyawan aikin tsari na ƙarfe mai girma.
Karfe 12Cr1MoV na cikin ƙarfen vanadium na ƙarfe chromium-molybdenum, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi don bututun ƙarfe 12Cr1MoV/GB5310. Ana amfani da shi sosai, kuma yanayin zafi a 480 ne.℃~580℃Yankin zafi mai yawa tare da ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan kayan aiki. 12Cr1MoVG bututun ƙarfe zafin aiki: ana amfani da shi galibi don babban ƙarfe na bututun zafi mai zafi, kan kai da bututun tururi na tukunyar tukunya mai matsin lamba wanda zafin bangon bututun ya ƙasa da ko daidai yake da 580℃.
Tsarin samarwa: Gwajin Tauri:
1. Mirgina mai zafi (bututun ƙarfe mara sumul) : bututun zagaye billet → dumama → huda → birgima mai birgima uku, birgima mai ci gaba ko fitarwa → cire bututu → girma (ko ragewa) → sanyaya → miƙewa → gwajin matsin lamba na ruwa (ko gano lahani) → alama → ajiya
2. Bututun ƙarfe mara shinge (na birgima) mai santsi: bututun zagaye billet → dumama → huda → kan → annealing → pickling → mai (rufe jan ƙarfe) → zane mai sanyi mai wucewa da yawa (birgima mai sanyi) → bututu mara komai → maganin zafi → miƙewa → gwajin matsin lamba na ruwa (gano lahani) → alama → ajiya
Shiryawa:
An yi amfani da akwati mai kariya daga marufi/rufewa/rufewa/kariyar katako a ɓangarorin bututun biyu kuma an yi masa kariya sosai don isar da kaya zuwa teku ko kuma kamar yadda aka buƙata.
Bayani
bututun tukunyar jirgi mai zafi mai zafi na P92 mai tsari mai kyau.
| Daidaitacce:ASTM A335 | Alloy ko A'a: Alloy |
| Rukunin Aji: P92 | Aikace-aikace: Bututun tukunya |
| Kauri: 1 – 100 mm | Maganin Fuskar Sama: Kamar yadda Abokin Ciniki Yake Bukatarsa |
| Diamita na Waje (Zagaye): 10 – 1000 mm | Dabara: An yi birgima da zafi/An ja shi da sanyi |
| Tsawon: Tsawon da Aka Daidaita Ko Tsawon da Ba a Zato Ba | Maganin Zafi: Zubar da Ruwa/Daidaita/Tsaftacewa |
| Siffar Sashe: Zagaye | Bututu na musamman: Bututun Bango Mai Kauri |
| Wurin Asali: China | Amfani: Babban Bututun Tururi, Mai Sauya Tukunya da Zafi |
| Takardar Shaida: ISO9001:2008 | Gwaji: ET/UT |
Sinadaran Sinadarai
Sinadarin sinadarai na bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul don fashewar man fetur
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9.5 | 0.30-0.60 |
Kadarar Inji
| Kadarorin | Bayanai |
| Ƙarfin tauri, min, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Ƙarfin bayarwa, min, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Maganin Zafi
|
Matsayi | Nau'in Maganin Zafi | Daidaita Yanayin Zafin Jiki F [C] | Ƙararrawa ko Ƙarfafawa ta Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, da P22 | |||
| A335 P92 | Cikakken Ko Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Daidaita da kuma daidaita | ***** | 1250[675] |
Haƙuri
Don bututun da aka yi odar diamita a ciki, diamita a ciki ba zai bambanta fiye da ±1% daga diamita a ciki da aka ƙayyade ba
Bambancin da Za a Iya Yi a Diamita ta Waje
| Mai Zaɓen NPS | Haƙuri Mai Kyau | rashin haƙuri mara kyau | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1/8 zuwa 11/2, Har da | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Sama da 11⁄2 Zuwa 4, ciki har da | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 4 zuwa 8, ciki har da | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 8 zuwa 12, ciki har da | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Sama da 12 | ±1% Na Adadin da Aka ƙayyade | |||
