I ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mākeke, ʻike pinepine mākou i nā paipu multi-standard e like me "nā paipu ʻekolu-standard" a me "nā paipu ʻelima-standard".
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe hoaaloha i ʻike nui e pili ana i ke kūlana maoli o nā paipu multi-standard, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i maopopo iā lākou. Manaʻolana wau e hiki i kēia ʻatikala ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi hoʻoikaika i ʻole ʻoe e kānalua hou i ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma hope.
01—Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā paipu multi-standard e like me nā "paipu ʻekolu-standard" a me nā "paipu ʻelima-standard" a me nā kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ko lākou ola ʻana
I nā lā mua, ua kākoʻo ʻia a koi ʻia paha nā paipu multi-standard e ka ʻaoʻao papahana, i hiki i ka ʻaoʻao papahana ke kūʻai a hoʻohana iā lākou ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi, e mālama ana i ka manawa a me ka pilikia.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kū like nā paipu multi-standard me nā kūlana ʻAmelika a me nā kūlana ʻAmelika, a ʻo ke kuhikuhi hoʻohana nui ka hoʻokuʻu aku, ʻo ia hoʻi nā "paipu ʻekolu-standard" a me nā "paipu ʻelima-standard". Ma hope mai, no ka mea ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻolālā he nui o nā papahana petrochemical kūloko e like me nā kūlana ʻAmelika, ua hoʻokomo mālie ʻia nā paipu multi-standard i ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papahana petrochemical a me nā kemika kūloko.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke ma ke ʻano i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paipu multi-standard ma ka mākeke.
I kēia manawa, ma waho aʻe o nā "paipu ʻekolu-maʻamau" a me nā "paipu ʻelima-maʻamau", aia kekahi mau "paipu pālua-maʻamau" a me nā "paipu ʻehā-maʻamau" ma ka mākeke. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou i kaupalena ʻia i ka noho pū ʻana o nā kūlana ʻAmelika a me nā kūlana ʻAmelika, akā, ma waena o nā kūlana aupuni a me nā kūlana aupuni, a ma waena o nā kūlana aupuni a me nā kūlana ʻAmelika.
ʻAʻole i noho aliʻi hou ʻia nā paipu multi-standard ma ka mākeke e nā mea hoʻohana o ka papahana, akā ua hoʻomaka ʻia e nā mea hoʻolako (nā hale hana, nā mea kālepa mākeke).
ʻO ke kumu e loaʻa ai nā paipu multi-standard:
ʻO ka mea mua, ma ke ʻano nui, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia. ʻO nā paipu multi-standard i kapa ʻia, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei: ua hoʻokō ka paipu kila hoʻokahi i nā kūlana hoʻokō a me nā mea hana ʻelua. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō ma aneʻi a ma laila, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mea kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me nā koi ʻenehana hana o kekahi mau kūlana i ka manawa like.
I ke kahua mua: ua paipai nui ʻia nā paipu multi-standard e ka ʻaoʻao papahana no ka maʻalahi o ke kūʻai kikowaena, e mālama ana i ka manawa, ka hoʻoikaika a me ka pilikia;
I ka loli mālie ʻana o ka mākeke mai ka mākeke o ka mea kūʻai aku i ka mākeke o ka mea kūʻai mai, ua hoʻoili ʻia nā pono o ka "mālama manawa, ka hoʻoikaika a me ka pilikia" i nā mea hoʻolako mākeke, me nā pono waiwai nui aʻe. Eia kekahi laʻana: inā hoʻohana ʻia ka nui like o ke kālā e hana/mālama i hoʻokahi mea maʻamau, i kēia manawa hiki iā ia ke hana/mālama i ʻelua, ʻekolu, ʻehā... ʻOi aku ka piha o nā huahana mālama, a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe kūpono no nā pono kikoʻī a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka poʻe kūʻai.
02—ʻO ke ʻano like ʻole a me ke kikoʻī o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paipu multi-standard i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma ka mākeke
Aia ʻelua ʻano o nā pane i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paipu multi-standard:
1. Wahi a nā kūlana kūlike i hoʻokomo ʻia: I kēia manawa, aia nā paipu multi-standard ma waena o nā kūlana ʻAmelika, nā paipu multi-standard ma waena o nā kūlana aupuni, a me nā paipu multi-standard ma waena o nā kūlana ʻAmelika a me nā kūlana aupuni. Manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa nā paipu multi-standard ma waena o nā kūlana aupuni, nā kūlana ʻAmelika, a me nā kūlana ʻEulopa i ka wā e hiki mai ana;
2. E like me ka helu o nā kūlana i hoʻokomo ʻia: Aia nā paipu pālua-kūlana, nā paipu ʻekolu-kūlana, nā paipu ʻehā-kūlana, nā paipu ʻelima-kūlana a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe;
Nā ʻelele nui: Nā paipu maʻamau pālua:ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53BʻO ASME SA106 B, ASTM A53B; ASME SA333 Gr.6, ASTM A333 Gr.6ASME SA106 B (C), ASTM A106B (C),GB/T 6479Q345E, Q355E, GB/T 18984 16MnDG;API 5L B(nā papa kila like ma ke kūlana), GB/T 9711 L245 (nā papa kila like ma ke kūlana) [ʻo kēia mau kūlana ʻelua nā mana unuhi like loa o ke kūlana ʻAmelika a me ke kūlana aupuni]
ʻEkolu paipu maʻamau:ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53 B,API 5L PSL1 BASME SA106 B, ASME SA53 B, ASTM A106B;
ʻO nā paipu ʻehā-maʻamau a me nā paipu ʻelima-maʻamau e loaʻa nui ʻia ma nā paipu maʻamau ʻAmelika a me nā paipu lawe wai: Nā ʻelele maʻamau:ASTM A106B, ASMESA106 B, ASTM A53Gr.B, API 5L PSL1 B, ASTM A333 Gr.6,API 5L X42a me nā kūlana a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-13-2025