I nā ʻāpana hana petrochemical, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kūlana paipu kila chromium molybdenum a me ke kila chromium molybdenum vanadium.

Paipu kila Seamless GB9948 no ka haki ʻana o ka petroleum

GB6479 "Paipu kila humuhumu kiʻekiʻe no nā lako hana mea hoʻomomona"

GB/T5310"Paipu kila humuhumu no ka paila kiʻekiʻe"

GB9948Loaʻa i loko nā papa mea kila chromium molybdenum: 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 1Cr2Mo, 1Cr5Mo a pēlā aku.

GB6479Loaʻa i loko nā papa mea kila chromium molybdenum: 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, etc.

Loaʻa iā GB/T5310 ke kila chromium molybdenum a me nā mea kila chromium molybdenum-vanadium: 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12Cr1MoVG, a pēlā aku.

Paipu kila kalapona ʻole no ka mahana kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā paipu kila hao ferritic a me austenitic Seamless no nā paila, nā superheaters a me nā mea hoʻololi wela

ASTM A333 — Nā Paipu Kila Nominal Seamless a Welded no ka hoʻohana Cryogenic

ASTM A335– Paipu Nominal kila ferritic seamless no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe

En 10216-2 — Nā paipu kila ʻole-alloy a me ke kila me nā waiwai wela kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia

Papa o nā mea kila i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ASTM A106: Gr.B, Gr.C

ASTM A213aia nā papa o ke kila: T11, T12, T22, T23, T91

Loaʻa iā ASTM A333 / A335M ka māka mea kila: P11, P12, P22, P5, P9, P91, P92