paipu kila kila hali ʻole ASTM A335 paipu paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe maʻamau
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy A I ʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 etc. | Noi: Paipu paila |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 Mm | Ka Hana ʻIli: E like me ke Koi o ka Mea Kūʻai |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 Mm | ʻAno Hana: ʻŌwili Wela/Hōʻailona Anu |
| Lōʻihi: Lōʻihi Paʻa a i ʻole Lōʻihi Kaulike | Lapaʻau Wela: Hoʻoheheʻe/Normalizing/Tempering |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu Kūikawā: Paipu Paia Mānoanoa |
| Kahi o ke kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe, paila a me ka mea hoʻololi wela |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e hana i ka paipu paila kila kila kiʻekiʻe, ka paipu i hoʻololi ʻia i ka wela, ka paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana kemika
Papa o ka paipu metala kiʻekiʻe: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 etc
| Papa | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| ʻO Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.50 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 1.00~1.50 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0.50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0.60 |
He hoʻolālā hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka Hana E 527 a me SAE J1086, Hana no ka Helu ʻana i nā Metals a me nā Alloys (UNS). Pono ka Papa B P 5c e loaʻa ka nui o ka titanium ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 4 mau manawa o ka nui o ke kalapona a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.70%; a i ʻole ka nui o ke columbium he 8 a 10 mau manawa o ka nui o ke kalapona.
| Nā waiwai mīkini | P1,P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Ikaika tensile | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| Ikaika hāʻawi | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
| Papa | ʻAno Lapaʻau Wela | Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pae Mahana F [C] | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻōlelo |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | Pae Mahana F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (b,c) | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| ʻO ka Anneal Subcritical (P5c wale nō) | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Hoʻopau a hoʻomaha | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o 6 1% mai ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia ma ke anawaena o waho
| Mea Hoʻolālā NPS | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1⁄8 a i 11⁄2, me | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a i 4, me. | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, me | 1/16 (0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, me. | 3/32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | 6 1% o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma waho anawaena |
Hoʻāʻo Hydraustatic:
Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paipu kila ma ke ʻano hydraulic pākahi. ʻO ke kaomi hoʻāʻo kiʻekiʻe loa he 20 MPa. Ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻāʻo, ʻaʻole pono e emi ka manawa paʻa ma mua o 10 S, a ʻaʻole e liki ka paipu kila.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, hiki ke pani ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Eddy Current a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Magnetic Flux Leakage.
Hoʻāʻo ʻAʻole Luku
Pono e nānā ʻia nā paipu e pono ai ka nānā hou aku ma o ka ultrasonically pākahi. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e koi ana i ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao a ua kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole luku.
Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha：
Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka palahalaha ʻana o nā paipu me ke anawaena waho ma mua o 22 mm. ʻAʻole pono e ʻike ʻia kahi delamination, nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā mea haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa.
Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī:
No nā paipu o nā Papa P91, P92, P122, a me P911, pono e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Brinell, Vickers, a i ʻole Rockwell ma kahi hāpana mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
Hoʻāʻo Kūlou:
No ka paipu nona ke anawaena ma mua o NPS 25 a ʻo ka lakio o ke anawaena i ka mānoanoa o ka paia he 7.0 a emi mai paha, e hoʻokō ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo kūlou ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha. ʻO nā paipu ʻē aʻe nona ke anawaena like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o NPS 10 e hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo kūlou ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha e like me ka ʻae ʻia e ka mea kūʻai.
1. Hoʻouka ʻia e ka ipu
2. Hoʻouka ʻia ma ka hoʻouna nui ʻana
ASTM A335 P5ʻO ka paipu hao hao kila seamless ferritic wela kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paipu hao hao kahi ʻano paipu kila seamless, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o C i loko o kēia ʻano paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu hao hao i ka petroleum, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Aia i loko o ka paipu kila hao nā nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kalapona e like me ka nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium a me nā nui palena o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻae pinepine ʻia e like me ka manganese, sulfur, silicon, a me ka phosphorous.
Ke kila kila kūloko e pili ana: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Seamless Steel Pipe Standard no ka Petroleum Cracking"
- Uku: 30% Waihona, 70% L/C A i ʻole B/L Kope A i ʻole 100% L/C Ma ka ʻIke
- Ka nui o ke kauoha liʻiliʻi loa: 1 PC
- Ka Mana Hoʻolako: Ka Waihona Makahiki 20000 Tons o ka Paipu Kila
- Ka Manawa Alakaʻi: 7-14 mau lā inā ma ka waihona, 30-45 mau lā e hana ai
- Hoʻopili ʻia: Nalowale ʻeleʻele, Bevel a me ka pāpale no kēlā me kēia paipu hoʻokahi; Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ʻo OD ma lalo o 219mm i loko o ka pūʻolo, a ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku kēlā me kēia pūʻolo ma mua o 2 tons.
ʻIke laulā
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy A I ʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P5 | Noi: Paipu paila |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 Mm | Ka Hana ʻIli: E like me ke Koi o ka Mea Kūʻai |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 Mm | ʻAno Hana: ʻŌwili Wela/Hōʻailona Anu |
| Lōʻihi: Lōʻihi Paʻa a i ʻole Lōʻihi Kaulike | Lapaʻau Wela: Hoʻoheheʻe/Normalizing/Tempering |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu Kūikawā: Paipu Paia Mānoanoa |
| Kahi o ke kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe, paila a me ka mea hoʻololi wela |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Noi
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e hana i ka paipu paila kila kila kiʻekiʻe, ka paipu hoʻololi wela, ka paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana kemika
ʻĀpana Kemika
| Nā Mele | ʻIkepili |
| Hoʻolālā UNS | K41545 |
| Kalapona (max.) | 0.15 |
| Manganese | 0.30-0.60 |
| Phosphorus (max.) | 0.025 |
| Silika (max.) | 0.50 |
| Chromium | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molibdenum | 0.45-0.65 |
| Nā Mea ʻē aʻe | … |
Waiwai Mīkini
| Nā Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ikaika Uila, Min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ikaika Hāʻawi, Min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, Min, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Ka Lapaʻau Wela
| Papa | ʻAno Lapaʻau Wela | Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pae Mahana F [C] | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | Pae Mahana F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (B,C) | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| A335 P5b | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | ʻO ka Anneal Subcritical | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia ma ke anawaena o waho
| Mea Hoʻolālā NPS | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ʻole | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a i 11⁄2, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a i 4, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia. | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, me | 1/16 (0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, me. | 3/32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1% o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia Ma waho Anawaena | |||
Koi Hoʻāʻo
Hoʻāʻo Hydraustatic:
Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paipu kila ma ke ʻano hydraulic pākahi. ʻO ke kaomi hoʻāʻo kiʻekiʻe loa he 20 MPa. Ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻāʻo, ʻaʻole pono e emi ka manawa paʻa ma mua o 10 S, a ʻaʻole e liki ka paipu kila.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, hiki ke pani ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Eddy Current a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Magnetic Flux Leakage.
Hoʻāʻo ʻAʻole Luku
Pono e nānā ʻia nā paipu e pono ai ka nānā hou aku ma o ka ultrasonically pākahi. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e koi ana i ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao a ua kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole luku.
Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha：
Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka palahalaha ʻana o nā paipu me ke anawaena waho ma mua o 22 mm. ʻAʻole pono e ʻike ʻia kahi delamination, nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā mea haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa.
Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī:
No nā paipu o nā papa P91, P92, P122, a me P911, Brinell, Vickers, a i ʻole Rockwell Hardness Tests e hana ʻia ma kahi laʻana mai kēlā me kēia Lot.
Hoʻāʻo Kūlou:
No ka paipu nona ke anawaena ma mua o NPS 25 a ʻo ka lakio o ke anawaena i ka mānoanoa o ka paia he 7.0 a i ʻole ka emi mai, e hoʻokō ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo kūlou ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā paipu ʻē aʻe nona ke anawaena like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o NPS 10 i ka hoʻāʻo kūlou ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha ma muli o ka ʻae ʻia e ka mea kūʻai.
Mea Hana a me ka Hana ʻana
Hiki ke huki ʻia ka paipu i ka wela a i ʻole ke anu me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wela i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo nei.
Ka Lapaʻau Wela
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Nā Hoʻāʻo Mīkini i Hoʻākāka ʻia
- Hoʻāʻo Hoʻoluhi Transverse a Longitudinal a me ka Hoʻāʻo Palahalaha, Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī, a i ʻole Hoʻāʻo Bend
- No nā mea i mālama ʻia i ka wela i loko o ka umu ʻano puʻupuʻu, pono e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ma 5% o ka paipu mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i mālama ʻia. No nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi paipu e hoʻāʻo ʻia.
- No nā mea i mālama ʻia me ka wela e ke kaʻina hana hoʻomau, pono e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ma kahi helu kūpono o nā paipu e hana i 5% o ka hailona, akā ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 2 paipu.
Nā memo no ka hoʻāʻo kūlou:
- No ka paipu nona ke anawaena ma mua o NPS 25 a ʻo ka lakio o ke anawaena i ka mānoanoa o ka paia he 7.0 a emi mai paha, e hoʻokau ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo kūlou ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha.
- Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo kūlou ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha ʻana i nā paipu ʻē aʻe nona ke anawaena like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o NPS 10 e like me ka hoʻāʻo pelu ʻana ma muli o ka ʻae ʻia e ka mea kūʻai.
- Pono e pelu ʻia nā hāpana hoʻāʻo kūlou ma ka mahana o ka lumi a hiki i 180 me ka ʻole o ka māwae ma waho o ka ʻāpana i kūlou ʻia.
ASTM A335 P5He kūpono nā paipu kila seamless no ka wai, ka mahu, ka hydrogen, ka ʻaila ʻawaʻawa, a pēlā aku. Inā hoʻohana ʻia no ka mahu wai, ʻo kona mahana hana kiʻekiʻe loa he 650℃; Ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi hana e like me ka ʻaila ʻawaʻawa, loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka sulfur corrosion wela kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kūlana corrosion sulfur wela kiʻekiʻe o 288 ~ 550℃.
Kaʻina hana:
1. ʻŌwili wela (paipu kila wili ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia): ʻōwili paipu poepoe → hoʻomehana → perforation → ʻōwili keʻa ʻekolu-ʻōwili, ʻōwili mau a i ʻole extrusion → wehe ʻana i ka paipu → ka nui (a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana) → hoʻoluʻu → hoʻopololei → hoʻāʻo kaomi wai (a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema) → māka → mālama
2. Kahaki anu (ʻōwili) paipu kila humuhumu: paipu poepoe billet → hoʻomehana → perforation → poʻomanaʻo → annealing → pickling → aila (plating keleawe) → kahaki anu multi-pass (ʻōwili anu) → paipu hakahaka → mālama wela → hoʻopololei → hoʻāʻo kaomi wai (ʻike kīnā) → māka → mālama
Nā hiʻohiʻona noi:
I nā mea hana lewa a me ka vacuum no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila maka kiʻekiʻe-sulfur,ASTM A335 P5Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila seamless no nā pipelines lalo o nā hale kiaʻi lewa a me ka vacuum, nā paipu umu o nā umu lewa a me ka vacuum, nā ʻāpana wikiwiki o nā laina hoʻololi aila lewa a me ka vacuum a me nā pipelines aila a me ke kinoea wela kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka sulfur.
Ma nā ʻāpana FCC,ASTM A335 P5Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila seamless i nā pipelines slurry wela kiʻekiʻe, catalyst a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me kekahi mau pipelines aila sulfur wela a me ke kinoea ʻē aʻe.
I loko o ka ʻāpana coking i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia,ASTM A335 P5Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila seamless no ka paipu hānai wela kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka hale kiaʻi coke a me ka paipu aila a me ke kinoea wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka hale kiaʻi coke, ka paipu umu ma lalo o ka umu coke, ka paipu ma lalo o ka hale kiaʻi fracking a me kekahi mau paipu aila a me ke kinoea wela kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka sulfur.
Aia i loko o ka paipu kila hao nā nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kalapona e like me ka nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium a me nā nui palena o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻae pinepine ʻia e like me ka manganese, sulfur, silicon, a me ka phosphorous..
ASTM A335 P9 he paipu wela kiʻekiʻe ferritic seamless kila kila o ke kūlana ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paipu kila kila kahi ʻano paipu kila humuhumu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka paipu kila humuhumu maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka C i loko o kēia ʻano paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila humuhumu maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila kila i ka petroleum, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
A335 P9He kila kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe chromium-molybdenum alloy i hana ʻia e like me ke kūlana ʻAmelika. Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa oxidation maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa sulfide corrosion, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā pipeline wela a me nā pahū pahū o nā hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe petroleum, ʻoiai hoʻi ka paipu wela pololei o ka umu hoʻomehana, hiki i ka mahana waena ke piʻi i 550 ~ 600 ℃.
Ke kila kila kūloko e pili ana: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Seamless Steel Pipe Standard no ka Petroleum Cracking"
ʻIke laulā
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy A I ʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P9 | Noi: Paipu paila |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 Mm | Ka Hana ʻIli: E like me ke Koi o ka Mea Kūʻai |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 Mm | ʻAno Hana: ʻŌwili Wela/Hōʻailona Anu |
| Lōʻihi: Lōʻihi Paʻa a i ʻole Lōʻihi Kaulike | Lapaʻau Wela: Hoʻoheheʻe/Normalizing/Tempering |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu kūikawā: Paipu paia mānoanoa |
| Kahi o ke kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe, paila a me ka mea hoʻololi wela |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
ʻĀpana Kemika
ʻO ka haku mele kemika o nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka haki ʻaila
| ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
Waiwai Mīkini
| Nā Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ikaika tensile, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ikaika hoʻopuka, min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, min, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Ka Lapaʻau Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Lapaʻau Wela | Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pae Mahana F [C] | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P9 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wela ma o ka annealing a i ʻole normalizing + tempering processes. Lohi ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻina hana annealing, hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano hana, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana e kaohi, a kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai; No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ka hana maoli i ke kaʻina hana annealing, hoʻohana pinepine i ka normalizing + tempering heat treatment ma kahi o ke kaʻina hana annealing, e hoʻokō i ka hana ʻoihana.
A335 P9ʻO ke kila no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona V, Nb a me nā mea microalloying ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana normalizing ma mua o ke kila A335 P91, 950 ~ 1050 ℃, paʻa no 1h, ʻo ke kaʻina hana i ka wā normalizing ka hapa nui o ka carbide i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia akā ʻaʻohe ulu ʻana o ka palaoa maopopo, akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mahana normalizing e maʻalahi ai i ka austenite grain coarse: ʻo ka mahana tempering he 740-790 ℃, i mea e loaʻa ai ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻolōʻihi pono ʻia ka manawa mahana tempering.
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia ma ke anawaena o waho
| Mea Hoʻolālā NPS | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ʻole | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a i 11⁄2, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a i 4, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia. | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, me | 1/16 (0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, me. | 3/32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1% o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia | |||
Kaʻina hana:
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo A335 e like me ke kūlana lako o ka paipu kila Tianjin a me nā ʻano oA335 P9kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo kila P9 o ka paipu kila humuhumu:Hana kila umu arc uila → hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ladle → degassing vacuum → make casting → tube blank forging → tube blank annealing → tube blank heating → oblique piercing → PQF hoʻomau paipu wili wili paipu wili → ʻekolu-roll nui → hoʻoluʻu moena hoʻoluʻu → hopena paipu E like me ke ʻoki ʻana → paipu kila pololei → magnetic flux leakage detection → wela lapaʻau → pololei → ultrasonic flaw detection → hydraulic test → ka nui a me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano → mālama.
kaʻina hana hana：
| Helu mea | kaʻina hana hana | Ka Hana a me ka Mana Kūlana | |||
| 1 | Hālāwai nānā mua | Nā Minuke o ka hālāwai | |||
| 2 | ASEA-SKF | Hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻohuihui kemika | |||
| *Ka loiloi ʻana i ka hoʻohuihui kemika | |||||
| *mahana hoʻoheheʻe | |||||
| 3 | CCM | bila | |||
| 4 | Nānā ʻana i nā mea maka | Nānā hakahaka a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maikaʻi | |||
| *Ke kūlana o ke ʻano: Pono ka ʻili o ka billet e kaʻawale mai nā kīnā e like me ka ʻōpala, ka slag, nā pinholes, nā māwae, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaha, nā dents a me nā lua ma mua o 2.5mm. | |||||
| 5 | Hoʻomehana hakahaka | Ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā billets i loko o ka umu wili | |||
| * Hoʻokele i ka mahana hoʻomehana | |||||
| 6 | puka ʻana o ka paipu | E hou me kahi punch alakaʻi/papa alakaʻi | |||
| *E kāohi i ka mahana i ka wā e hou ai | |||||
| * E kāohi i ka nui ma hope o ka perforation | |||||
| 7 | ʻŌwili Wela | ʻŌwili wela i nā wili paipu hoʻomau | |||
| *E hoʻonohonoho i ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ka paipu | |||||
| 8 | Ka nui | E kāohi i ke anawaena o waho a me nā ana mānoanoa o ka paia | |||
| * Hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka mīkini anawaena waho | |||||
| * Hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka mīkini ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia | |||||
| 9 | ka hoʻohuihui kemika | Ka loiloi ʻana o ka hoʻohuihui kemika | |||
| * Nā pae hoʻoholo no ka hoʻohuihui kemika. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hopena o ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻohuihui kemika i loko o ka puke mea. | |||||
| 10 | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa + Hoʻomehana | Hana ʻia ka mālama wela (normalizing) ma hope o ka ʻōwili wela. Pono e hoʻolohe ka mālama wela i ka kaohi ʻana i ka mahana a me ka lōʻihi. | |||
| Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, pono e kūlike nā waiwai mechanical o ka huahana me ke kūlana ASTM A335. | |||||
| 11 | hoʻoluʻu ea | Moena hoʻoluʻolu ʻanuʻu | |||
| 12 | ʻoki ʻana | ʻoki ʻana i ka lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia | |||
| * Ka mana o ka lōʻihi o ka paipu kila | |||||
| 13 | Pololei (inā pono) | Hoʻomalu i ka palahalaha. | |||
| Ma hope o ka hoʻopololei ʻana, pono ke kūlike o ke kū pololei me ASTM A335 | |||||
| 14 | Nānā a me ka ʻae ʻana | Nānā ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka nui | |||
| *Pono nā hoʻomanawanui ana kila e kūlike me ASTM A999 | |||||
| Nānā: Ke ahonui o ke anawaena waho: ±0.75%D | |||||
| *Pono e nānā ʻia ke ʻano o ka helehelena i hoʻokahi manawa e like me ke kūlana ASTM A999 e pale aku i ka ʻili maikaʻi ʻole. | |||||
| 15 | ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema | *Pono e nānā ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka paipu kila ma ke ʻano ultrasonic no nā kīnā longitudinal e like me ISO9303/E213 | |||
| Hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ultrasonic: | |||||
| 16 | Hoʻāʻo waiwai mīkini | (1) Hoʻāʻo tensile (longitudinal) a me ka hoʻāʻo palahalaha | |||
| Ka pinepine o ka nānā ʻana | 5%/pūʻulu, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 mau paipu | ||||
| Min | Max | ||||
| P9 | Ka ikaika hāʻawi (Mpa) | 205 | |||
| ikaika tensile (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| Hoʻolōʻihi | Wahi a ke kūlana ASTM A335 | ||||
| Hoʻokolohua hoʻopālahalaha | Wahi a ke kūlana ASTM A999 | ||||
| (2) Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī | |||||
| Alapine hoʻāʻo: like me ka hoʻāʻo tensile | 1 ʻāpana/pūʻulu | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25 HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| Nānā: Maʻamau hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Vickers: ISO6507 a i ʻole ASTM E92; | |||||
| Kūlana hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Rockwell: ISO6508 a i ʻole ASTM E18 | |||||
| 17 | NDT | E hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu kila e like me nā koi o nā ʻano hoʻāʻo E213, E309 a i ʻole E570. | |||
| 18 | hoʻāʻo kaomi wai | Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hydrostatic e like me ASTM A999, kaomi hoʻāʻo | |||
| 19 | ʻaoʻao | ʻO ke kūlike ʻana o nā wēlau ʻelua o ka paipu kila e like me ASTM B16.25fig.3(a) | |||
| 20 | Ana o ke kaumaha a me ka lōʻihi | *Ke ahonui i ke kaumaha hoʻokahi: -6%~ +4%. | |||
| 21 | Paipu maʻamau | E hōʻailona ʻia ka ʻili waho o ka paipu kila e like me ke kūlana ASTM A335 a me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku. Eia nā ʻike o ka hōʻailona: | |||
| "Lōʻihi Kaumaha TPCO ASTM A335 Nā Ana Makahiki-Mahina P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE Helu Wela Helu Lot Helu Paipu | |||||
| 22 | pena ʻia | Ua pena ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu e like me ke kūlana o ka hale hana | |||
| 23 | poʻi hopena paipu | **Pono nā pāpale palaki ma nā wēlau ʻelua o kēlā me kēia paipu | |||
| 24 | papa inoa mea | *Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka puke mea e like me EN10204 3.1. ”Pono e hōʻike ʻia ka PO o ka mea kūʻai aku ma ka puke mea. | |||
ASTM A335 P11 he paipu wela kiʻekiʻe ferritic seamless kila kila o ke kūlana ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paipu kila kila kahi ʻano paipu kila humuhumu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka paipu kila humuhumu maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka C i loko o kēia ʻano paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila humuhumu maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila kila i ka petroleum, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻIke laulā
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy A I ʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P11 | Noi: Paipu paila |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 Mm | Ka Hana ʻIli: E like me ke Koi o ka Mea Kūʻai |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 Mm | ʻAno Hana: ʻŌwili Wela/Hōʻailona Anu |
| Lōʻihi: Lōʻihi Paʻa a i ʻole Lōʻihi Kaulike | Lapaʻau Wela: Hoʻoheheʻe/Normalizing/Tempering |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu kūikawā: Paipu paia mānoanoa |
| Kahi o ke kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe, paila a me ka mea hoʻololi wela |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
ʻĀpana Kemika
ʻO ka haku mele kemika o nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka haki ʻaila
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
Waiwai Mīkini
| Nā Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ikaika tensile, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ikaika hoʻopuka, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Ka Lapaʻau Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Lapaʻau Wela | Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pae Mahana F [C] | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P11 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250[650] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia ma ke anawaena o waho
| Mea Hoʻolālā NPS | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ʻole | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a i 11⁄2, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a i 4, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia. | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, me | 1/16 (0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, me. | 3/32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1% o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia | |||
ASTM A335 P22He paipu kila kila seamless no ka hoʻohana ferritic wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka paipu kila seamless kahi ʻano paipu kila seamless, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o C i loko o kēia ʻano paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila i ka petroleum, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻIke laulā
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy A I ʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P22 | Noi: Paipu paila |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 Mm | Ka Hana ʻIli: E like me ke Koi o ka Mea Kūʻai |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 Mm | ʻAno Hana: ʻŌwili Wela/Hōʻailona Anu |
| Lōʻihi: Lōʻihi Paʻa a i ʻole Lōʻihi Kaulike | Lapaʻau Wela: Hoʻoheheʻe/Normalizing/Tempering |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu kūikawā: Paipu paia mānoanoa |
| Kahi o ke kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe, paila a me ka mea hoʻololi wela |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
ʻĀpana Kemika
ʻO ka haku mele kemika o nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka haki ʻaila
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 |
Waiwai Mīkini
| Nā Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ikaika tensile, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ikaika hoʻopuka, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Ka Lapaʻau Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Lapaʻau Wela | Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pae Mahana F [C] | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P22 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250[650] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia ma ke anawaena o waho
| Mea Hoʻolālā NPS | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ʻole | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a i 11⁄2, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a i 4, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia. | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, me | 1/16 (0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, me. | 3/32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1% o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia | |||
ʻO A335 P22 kahi kila ferritic mahana kiʻekiʻe 2.25Cr-1Mo Chromium-molybdenum no nā paila a me nā superheaters.ASTM A335/A335Mkūlana. I ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻoili ʻia i loko o GB5310 a kapa ʻia ʻo 12Cr2MoG. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe nā ʻano kila like, e like me ka Federal Republic of Germany 10CrMo910 a me Iapana STBA24. I loko o ka moʻo kila cr-1Mo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona ikaika wela, ma lalo o ka mahana like (mahana≤580℃) ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka haki ʻana o ka wili a me ke kaumaha i ʻae ʻia ma mua o ke kila 9CR-1Mo, a he hana hana maikaʻi kona a me ka hana kuʻihao, a he plasticity paʻa maikaʻi. No laila, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā wahi hana paʻakikī, e like me ka mana wela, ka mana nukelea a me kekahi mau lako hydrogen i nā paipu hoʻomehana like ʻole a me nā kīʻaha kiʻekiʻe.
Mahana ʻae ʻia: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo A335P22 (SA-213T22) i ka 300,600MW a me nā mahana paia paipu paila mana nui ʻē aʻe≤580℃ka mahana o ka paia o ka superheater a me ka paipu & LT;540℃ʻO ka paipu mahu pā a me ke poʻomanaʻo, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano kila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana a me ʻEulopa, he mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hana ma nā mea kanu mana, he hana paʻa, hana maikaʻi ke kaʻina hana o ke kila makua.
No ke kila vanadium chromium-molybdenum vanadium ke kila vanadium 12Cr1MoV, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka paipu kila 12Cr1MoV/GB5310. Hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻo ia ka mahana ma 480℃~580℃wahi wela kiʻekiʻe me kekahi o nā mea nui loa. 12Cr1MoVG mahana lawelawe paipu kila: hoʻohana nui ʻia no ke kila nui o ka paipu superheater, poʻo a me ka paipu mahu o ka paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe nona ka mahana o ka paia paipu ma lalo o 580 a i ʻole like me℃.
Kaʻina hana: Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī:
1. ʻŌwili wela (paipu kila wili ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia): ʻōwili paipu poepoe → hoʻomehana → perforation → ʻōwili keʻa ʻekolu-ʻōwili, ʻōwili mau a i ʻole extrusion → wehe ʻana i ka paipu → ka nui (a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana) → hoʻoluʻu → hoʻopololei → hoʻāʻo kaomi wai (a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema) → māka → mālama
2. Kahaki anu (ʻōwili) paipu kila humuhumu: paipu poepoe billet → hoʻomehana → perforation → poʻomanaʻo → annealing → pickling → aila (plating keleawe) → kahaki anu multi-pass (ʻōwili anu) → paipu hakahaka → mālama wela → hoʻopololei → hoʻāʻo kaomi wai (ʻike kīnā) → māka → mālama
Hoʻopili ʻana:
ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻōlohelohe/hoʻopili pūʻolo/hoʻopili pahu/pale lāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā paipu a pale pono ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ke kai a i ʻole e like me ke noi.
ʻIke laulā
Paipu paila wela kiʻekiʻe P92 maʻamau.
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy A I ʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P92 | Noi: Paipu paila |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 Mm | Ka Hana ʻIli: E like me ke Koi o ka Mea Kūʻai |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 Mm | ʻAno Hana: ʻŌwili Wela/Hōʻailona Anu |
| Lōʻihi: Lōʻihi Paʻa a i ʻole Lōʻihi Kaulike | Lapaʻau Wela: Hoʻoheheʻe/Normalizing/Tempering |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu kūikawā: Paipu paia mānoanoa |
| Kahi o ke kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Paipu mahu kiʻekiʻe, paila a me ka mea hoʻololi wela |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
ʻĀpana Kemika
ʻO ka haku mele kemika o nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka haki ʻaila
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9.5 | 0.30-0.60 |
Waiwai Mīkini
| Nā Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ikaika tensile, min, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Ikaika hoʻopuka, min, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Ka Lapaʻau Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Lapaʻau Wela | Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pae Mahana F [C] | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P92 | ʻO ka Anneal piha a i ʻole Isothermal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250[675] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia ma ke anawaena o waho
| Mea Hoʻolālā NPS | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ʻole | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a i 11⁄2, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1/64 (0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a i 4, Hoʻokomo pū ʻia. | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, me | 1/16 (0.062) | 1.59 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, me. | 3/32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1/32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1% o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia | |||
