paipa maitai koranu korekore ASTM A335 paipa pēhanga teitei paerewa
| Paerewa:ASTM A335 | Koranu, Kāore rānei: Koranu |
| Rōpū Taumata: P5,P9,P11,P22,P91, P92 Me ētahi atu. | Taupānga: Paipa Pūwero |
| Matotoru: 1 - 100 mm | Maimoatanga Mata: Hei Whakaritenga a te Kaihoko |
| Diameter o Waho (Porowhita): 10 - 1000 Mm | Tikanga: Hurihia Wera/ Tātarihia Matao |
| Roa: Roa Pūmau, Roa Matapōkere rānei | Maimoatanga Wera: Whakamahana/Whakatikatika/Whakamātao |
| Āhua Wāhanga: Porowhita | Paipa Motuhake: Paipa Pakitara Matotoru |
| Te Takenga Mai: Haina | Whakamahinga: Paipa Kohu Pēhanga Teitei, Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera |
| Tiwhikete: ISO9001:2008 | Whakamātautau: ET/UT |
E whakamahia ana te nuinga hei hanga i ngā paipa kōhua maitai koranu kounga teitei, ngā paipa whakawhiti wera, ngā paipa mamaoa pēhanga teitei mō te ahumahi hinu me te matū.
Te kounga o te paipa koranu kounga teitei: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 me ētahi atu
| Tau | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.50 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 1.00~1.50 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0.50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0.60 |
He tohu hou i whakatūria i runga anō i te Mahi E 527 me te SAE J1086, Mahi mō te Tatau i ngā Konganuku me ngā Alloys (UNS). Ko te taumata B P 5c me whai i te ihirangi titanium kia kaua e iti iho i te 4 ngā wā o te ihirangi waro, kaua hoki e neke atu i te 0.70%; me whai rānei i te ihirangi columbium kia 8 ki te 10 ngā wā o te ihirangi waro.
| Ngā āhuatanga miihini | P1,P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Te kaha o te kume | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| Te kaha o te hua | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
| Tau | Momo Maimoatanga Wera | Te Whakaōrite i te Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | Te Whakamahana, te Whakamahana rānei i raro i te Hiranga |
| P5, P9, P11, me P22 | Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (b,c) | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamāmā | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| Te Whakapūmau i raro i te Whakamātautau (P5c anake) | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamāmā | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamāmā | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamāmā | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Whakaōrite me te Whakamāmā | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Whakamāmā, ā, Whakaitihia | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
Mō ngā paipa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te diameter o roto, kaua te diameter o roto e neke atu i te 6 1% mai i te diameter o roto kua tohua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter o Waho
| Kaitohu NPS | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1⁄8 ki te 11⁄2, tae atu ki | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Neke atu i te 11⁄2 ki te 4, tae atu ki. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8, tae atu ki | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12, tae atu ki | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 12 | 6 1 % o te mea kua tohua i waho whānui |
Whakamātautau Waipūngao:
Me whakamātauria te paipa rino mā te waipēhi takitahi. Ko te pēhanga whakamātautau mōrahi he 20 MPa. I raro i te pēhanga whakamātautau, kaua e iti iho i te 10 hēkona te wā pumau, ā, kaua hoki te paipa rino e turuturu.
Kia whakaaetia e te Kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te whakakapi i te whakamātautau waipēhi mā te whakamātautau iahiko eddy, mā te whakamātautau turuturu rerenga aukume rānei.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaromanga：
Ko ngā paipa e hiahia ana kia tirotirohia anōtia, me tirotirohia takitahi mā te whakamahi i te ultrasonic. Whai muri i te whiriwhiringa me te whakaae a te rōpū, ā, kua tohua ki roto i te kirimana, ka taea te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
Whakamātautau Whakapapa
Me whakamātau te whakawhāiti i ngā ngongo he nui ake te whānui o waho i te 22 mm. Kaua e kitea he wehenga, he ira mā, he poke rānei i te roanga o te whakamātautau.
Whakamātautau Pakari:
Mō ngā paipa o ngā taumata P91, P92, P122, me P911, me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau pakeke Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell rānei ki runga i tētahi tauira mai i ia rota.
Whakamātautau Piko:
Mō ngā paipa he nui ake te whānui o te NPS 25, ā, he 7.0, iti iho rānei te ōwehenga o te whānui ki te matotoru o te pakitara, me whakamātau te piko hei utu mō te whakamātautau whakatātahi. Ko ētahi atu paipa he rite, he nui ake rānei i te NPS 10, ka taea te whakamātau piko hei utu mō te whakamātautau whakatātahi, me te whakaae a te kaihoko.
1. Te utaina mā te ipu
2. Te utaina mā te tuku nui
ASTM A335 P5He paipa pāmahana teitei te paipa maitai koranu, he mea hanga ki te ferritic, he mea hanga ki te koranu, he rite ki te paerewa o Amerika. Ko te ngongo koranu he momo ngongo maitai koranu, he nui ake te mahi i te ngongo maitai koranu whānui, nā te mea he nui ake te C i roto i tēnei momo ngongo maitai, he iti iho te mahi i te ngongo maitai koranu noa, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te ngongo koranu i roto i te hinu, te rererangi, te matū, te hiko, te pōro, te ope taua me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Kei roto i ngā paipa maitai koranu he nui ngā huānga ehara i te waro pērā i te nikara, te chromium, te silicon, te manganese, te tungsten, te molybdenum, te vanadium me ētahi atu huānga rongonui pērā i te manganese, te whanariki, te silicon, me te phosphorus.
Te maitai koranu ā-whare e rite ana: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Paerewa Paipa Rino Kore Tuitui mō te Pakaru Hinu"
- Utu: 30% Tāpui, 70% L/C, Tārua B/L rānei, 100% L/C i te Tirohanga
- Rahi ota iti rawa: 1 PC
- Te Kaha Tuku: Te Rauemi 20000 Toni o te Paipa Rino ā-Tau
- Wā Arataki: 7-14 Ngā Rā Mena kei roto i te Taonga, 30-45 Ngā Rā Hei Whakaputa
- Te Tākai: Te Ngaro Pango, te Here me te Taupoki mō ia Paipa Kotahi; Me Tākai te OD i raro iho i te 219mm ki roto i te Paihere, ā, kaua ia Paihere e neke atu i te 2 Tana.
Tirohanga Whānui
| Paerewa:ASTM A335 | Koranu, Kāore rānei: Koranu |
| Rōpū Tau: P5 | Taupānga: Paipa Pūwero |
| Matotoru: 1 – 100 mm | Maimoatanga Mata: Hei Whakaritenga a te Kaihoko |
| Diameter o Waho (Porowhita): 10 – 1000 Mm | Tikanga: Hurihia Wera/ Tātarihia Matao |
| Roa: Roa Pūmau, Roa Matapōkere rānei | Maimoatanga Wera: Whakamahana/Whakatikatika/Whakamātao |
| Āhua Wāhanga: Porowhita | Paipa Motuhake: Paipa Pakitara Matotoru |
| Te Takenga Mai: Haina | Whakamahinga: Paipa Kohu Pēhanga Teitei, Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera |
| Tiwhikete: ISO9001:2008 | Whakamātautau: ET/UT |
Tono
Ka whakamahia nuitia hei hanga i ngā paipa kōhua maitai koranu kounga teitei, ngā paipa whakawhiti wera, ngā paipa mamaoa pēhanga teitei mō te ahumahi hinu me te matū.
Waenga Matū
| Ngā tito waiata | Raraunga |
| Te Whakaingoatanga o te UNS | K41545 |
| Waro (mōrahi) | 0.15 |
| Manganēhi | 0.30-0.60 |
| Whēkau (mōrahi) | 0.025 |
| Hiraka (mōrahi) | 0.50 |
| Konupora | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molibdenuma | 0.45-0.65 |
| Ngā Huānga Kē | … |
Āhuatanga Mīhini
| Ngā Āhuatanga | Raraunga |
| Kaha Kume, Iti rawa, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Kaha Hua, Iti rawa, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Te roa, iti rawa, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Te Maimoatanga Wera
| Tau | Momo Maimoatanga Wera | Te Whakaōrite i te Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | Te Whakamahanatanga Iti-aroha, Te Whakamahanatanga rānei |
| P5, P9, P11, me P22 | Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (B,C) | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| A335 P5b | Whakaōrite me te Whakamārie | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | Whakapūmau i raro i te arohaehae | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] |
Manawanui
Mō ngā paipa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te diameter o roto, kaua te diameter o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te diameter o roto kua tohua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter o Waho
| Kaitohu NPS | Manawanui pai | manawanui kino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 ki te 11⁄2, Tae atu ki | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Neke atu i te 11⁄2 ki te 4, tae atu ki. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8, tae atu ki | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12, tae atu ki. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 12 | ±1 % o te mea kua tohua I waho Diameter | |||
Whakaritenga Whakamātautau
Whakamātautau Waipūngao:
Me whakamātauria te paipa rino mā te waipēhi takitahi. Ko te pēhanga whakamātautau mōrahi he 20 MPa. I raro i te pēhanga whakamātautau, kaua e iti iho i te 10 hēkona te wā pumau, ā, kaua hoki te paipa rino e turuturu.
Kia whakaaetia e te Kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te whakakapi i te whakamātautau waipēhi mā te whakamātautau iahiko eddy, mā te whakamātautau turuturu rerenga aukume rānei.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaromanga：
Ko ngā paipa e hiahia ana kia tirotirohia anōtia, me tirotirohia takitahi mā te whakamahi i te ultrasonic. Whai muri i te whiriwhiringa me te whakaae a te rōpū, ā, kua tohua ki roto i te kirimana, ka taea te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
Whakamātautau Whakapapa
Me whakamātau te whakawhāiti i ngā ngongo he nui ake te whānui o waho i te 22 mm. Kaua e kitea he wehenga, he ira mā, he poke rānei i te roanga o te whakamātautau.
Whakamātautau Pakari:
Mō ngā paipa o ngā momo P91, P92, P122, me P911, Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell rānei, me whakahaere he whakamātautau mārō ki runga i tētahi tauira mai i ia rota.
Whakamātautau Piko:
Mō ngā paipa e neke atu ana i te NPS 25 te whānui, ā, ko te ōwehenga o te whānui ki te matotoru o te pakitara he 7.0, iti iho rānei, me whakamātau ki te whakamātau piko, kaua ki te whakamātau papatahi. Ko ētahi atu paipa e rite ana, e neke atu ana rānei i te NPS 10 te whānui, ka taea te whakamātau piko hei whakakapi mō te whakamātau papatahi, i runga anō i te whakaae a te kaihoko.
Rauemi me te Hanganga
Ka taea te kume i te paipa ki te wera, ki te matao rānei, me te whakamahi i te maimoatanga wera whakamutunga e whakahuatia ana i raro nei.
Te Maimoatanga Wera
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Ngā Whakamātautau Mīhini kua Whakatakotoria
- Whakamātautau Taumahatanga Whakapae, Whakaroa rānei me te Whakamātautau Papatahi, Whakamātautau Pakeke, Whakamātautau Piko rānei
- Mō ngā rauemi i whakamahanatia i roto i te oumu momo puranga, me whakamātautau te 5% o te paipa mai i ia rota kua tukatukahia. Mō ngā rota iti, me whakamātautau kia kotahi te paipa.
- Mō ngā rauemi i whakamahanatia mā te tukanga tonu, me whakamātautau he nui ngā paipa hei hanga i te 5% o te rota, engari kaua e iti iho i te 2 ngā paipa.
Ngā Tuhipoka mō te Whakamātautau Piko:
- Mō ngā paipa he nui ake te whānui o te NPS 25, ā, he 7.0, iti iho rānei te ōwehenga o te whānui ki te matotoru o te pakitara, me whakamātautau piko, kaua ki te whakamātautau papatahi.
- Ko ētahi atu paipa he rite, he nui ake rānei i te NPS 10 te whānui, ka taea te whakamātautau piko hei whakakapi mō te whakamātautau papatahi, me te whakaae mai a te kaihoko.
- Me whakapiko ngā tauira whakamātautau piko i te pāmahana rūma tae noa ki te 180 nekehanga, me te kore e pakaru te taha waho o te wāhanga kua piko.
ASTM A335 P5He pai ngā ngongo maitai kore hononga mō te wai, te mamaoa, te hauwai, te hinu kawa, me ētahi atu. Mēnā ka whakamahia mō te mamaoa wai, ko tōna pāmahana mahi mōrahi he 650℃; Ina whakamahia i roto i te reo mahi pēnei i te hinu kawa, he pai te ātete ki te waikura whanariki pāmahana teitei, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā āhuatanga waikura whanariki pāmahana teitei o te 288 ~ 550℃.
Tukanga whakaputa:
1. Te hurihuri wera (ngā ngongo maitai kore hononga i whakaputahia): te porowhita ngongo porowhita → te whakamahana → te poka → te hurihuri whakawhiti-toru-pōro, te hurihuri tonu, te whakaputanga rānei → te tango i te ngongo → te rahi (te whakaiti rānei) → te whakamatao → te whakatikatika → te whakamātautau pēhanga wai (te kimi hapa rānei) → te tohu → te rokiroki
2. Te tuhi makariri (te hurihuri) te ngongo maitai korekore: te pire ngongo porowhita → te whakamahana → te poka → te pane → te whakamahana → te whakamātao → te whakamātao → te hinu (te whakakikorua parahi) → te tuhi makariri maha-haere (te hurihuri makariri) → te ngongo pātea → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika → te whakamātautau pēhanga wai (te kimi hapa) → te tohu → te rokiroki
Ngā horopaki tono:
I roto i ngā taputapu hau me te korehau mō te tukatuka i te hinu mata he nui te whanariki,ASTM A335 P5Ko ngā ngongo maitai tui he mea whakamahi nui mō ngā paipa raro o ngā pourewa hauhautanga me te korehau, ngā ngongo oumu o ngā oumu hauhautanga me te korehau, ngā wāhanga tere-teitei o ngā raina hurihanga hinu hauhautanga me te korehau me ētahi atu paipa hinu me te hau pāmahana-tiketike kei roto he whanariki.
I roto i ngā waeine FCC,ASTM A335 P5Ko ngā ngongo maitai tuimotu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paipa parai pāmahana-tiketike, whakakorikori me te whakamahine whakahoki, me ētahi atu paipa hinu whanariki me te hau pāmahana-tiketike.
I roto i te waeine tunu kua whakaroahia,ASTM A335 P5Ko te paipa maitai tuimotu e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa whāngai pāmahana teitei i raro i te pourewa Coke me ngā paipa hinu me te hau pāmahana teitei i te tihi o te pourewa Coke, te paipa oumu i raro i te oumu Coke, te paipa i raro i te pourewa fracking me ētahi atu paipa hinu me te hau pāmahana teitei kei roto he whanariki.
Kei roto i ngā paipa maitai koranu he nui ngā huānga ehara i te waro pērā i te nikara, te chromium, te silicon, te manganese, te tungsten, te molybdenum, te vanadium me ētahi atu huānga rongonui pērā i te manganese, te whanariki, te silicon, me te phosphorus..
ASTM A335 P9 he paipa pāmahana teitei, he mea hanga ki te maitai koranu, he mea hanga ki te ferritic, he mea hanga ki te paerewa o Amerika. He momo ngongo maitai kore hononga te ngongo koranu, he nui ake tōna mahi i te ngongo maitai kore hononga whānui, nā te mea he nui ake te C i roto i tēnei momo ngongo maitai, he iti iho tōna mahi i te ngongo maitai kore hononga noa, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te ngongo koranu i roto i te hinu, te rererangi, te matū, te hiko, te pōro, te hōia me ētahi atu ahumahi.
A335 P9He rino ātete wera te koranu chromium-molybdenum pāmahana teitei, i hangaia kia rite ki te paerewa o Amerika. Nā tōna ātete pai ki te waikura, te kaha pāmahana teitei, me te ātete ki te waikura whanariki, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā paipa mura me ngā paipa pahū i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei o ngā tipu whakamahine hinu, inā koa ngā paipa wera tika o ngā oumu whakamahana, ka taea e te pāmahana reo te eke ki te 550~600℃.
Te maitai koranu ā-whare e rite ana: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Paerewa Paipa Rino Kore Tuitui mō te Pakaru Hinu"
Tirohanga Whānui
| Paerewa:ASTM A335 | Koranu, Kāore rānei: Koranu |
| Rōpū Tau: P9 | Taupānga: Paipa Pūwero |
| Matotoru: 1 – 100 mm | Maimoatanga Mata: Hei Whakaritenga a te Kaihoko |
| Diameter o Waho (Porowhita): 10 – 1000 Mm | Tikanga: Hurihia Wera/ Tātarihia Matao |
| Roa: Roa Pūmau, Roa Matapōkere rānei | Maimoatanga Wera: Whakamahana/Whakatikatika/Whakamātao |
| Āhua Wāhanga: Porowhita | Paipa motuhake: Paipa Pakitara Matotoru |
| Te Takenga Mai: Haina | Whakamahinga: Paipa Kohu Pēhanga Teitei, Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera |
| Tiwhikete: ISO9001:2008 | Whakamātautau: ET/UT |
Waenga Matū
Te hanganga matū o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga mō te pakaru hinu
| ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
Āhuatanga Mīhini
| Ngā Āhuatanga | Raraunga |
| Kaha kume, iti rawa, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Kaha whakaputa, iti rawa, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Te roa, iti rawa, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Te Maimoatanga Wera
|
Tau | Momo Maimoatanga Wera | Te Whakaōrite i te Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | Te Whakamahanatanga Iti-aroha, Te Whakamahanatanga rānei |
| P5, P9, P11, me P22 | |||
| A335 P9 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamārie | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9Ka taea te whakamahana mā te whakamahana, te whakataurite rānei i te pāmahana me te whakamahana. He puhoi te tere o te whakamatao o te tukanga whakamahana, ka pā ki te auau o te whakaputanga, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te tukanga whakaputa, ā, he nui te utu; Nō reira, he onge te whakamahi i te tukanga whakamahana whakamahana whakamahana i te whakaputanga tuturu, he maha te whakamahi i te maimoatanga whakamahana whakataurite me te whakamahana hei utu mō te tukanga whakamahana, hei whakatutuki i te whakaputanga ahumahi.
A335 P9Nā te mea kāore he V, Nb me ētahi atu huānga microalloying, he iti iho te pāmahana whakataurite i te maitai A335 P91, 950~1050℃, puritia mō te 1h, ko te nuinga o te carbide i rewa i te tukanga whakataurite engari kāore e kitea te tipu o te witi, engari he nui rawa te pāmahana whakataurite ka ngāwari ki te hanga witi austenite matotoru: ko te pāmahana whakamahana he 740-790℃, kia iti ake ai te pakeke, me whakaroa ake te wā pāmahana whakataurite.
Manawanui
Mō ngā paipa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te diameter o roto, kaua te diameter o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te diameter o roto kua tohua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter o Waho
| Kaitohu NPS | Manawanui pai | manawanui kino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 ki te 11⁄2, Tae atu ki | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Neke atu i te 11⁄2 ki te 4, tae atu ki. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8, tae atu ki | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12, tae atu ki. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 12 | ±1 % o te mea kua tohua | |||
Tukanga whakaputa:
Kua hangaia te A335 kia rite ki te āhua o ngā taputapu o te paipa maitai Tianjin me ngā āhuatanga oA335 P9tukanga whakamātautau whakaputa maitai P9 o te paipa maitai tui:Te hanga maitai o te oumu pewa hiko → te whakamahine koko → te tango hau korehau → te maka mate → te hanga ngongo pātea → te whakamahana ngongo pātea → te wero whakarara → te huri ngongo tonu PQF te huri ngongo mira → te rahi toru-rōra → te whakamatao moenga whakamatao → te pito ngongo E ai ki te tapahi → te whakatikatika paipa maitai → te kimi turuturu rerenga aukume → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika → te kimi hapa ultrasonic → te whakamātautau waipēhi → te tirotiro rahi me te āhua → te rokiroki.
tukanga hanga：
| Tau o te tūemi | tukanga hanga | Te Mahi me te Mana Kounga | |||
| 1 | Hui i mua i te tirotiro | Ngā meneti o te hui | |||
| 2 | ASEA-SKF | Whakatikatikahia te hanganga matū | |||
| *Te tātaritanga hanganga matū | |||||
| *te pāmahana rewa | |||||
| 3 | CCM | pireti | |||
| 4 | Te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata | Te tirotiro kau me te whakaū kounga | |||
| *Tūnga āhua: Me kore he hapa i te mata o te papa pereki pērā i te whara, te paru, ngā kōhao iti, ngā kapiti, me ētahi atu. Kaua ngā tohu, ngā pakaru me ngā rua e neke ake i te 2.5mm. | |||||
| 5 | Whakamahana kau | Te whakamahana i ngā pereki i roto i te oumu hurihuri | |||
| * Whakahaerehia te pāmahana whakamahana | |||||
| 6 | poka paipa | Werohia ki te wero arataki/pereti arataki | |||
| * Whakahaerehia te pāmahana i te wā e werohia ana | |||||
| * Whakahaerehia te rahi i muri i te poka | |||||
| 7 | Hurihia Wera | Te hurihuri wera i roto i ngā mira ngongo tonu | |||
| *Whakatauhia te matotoru o te pakitara o te paipa | |||||
| 8 | Rahi | Whakahaerehia te diameter o waho me ngā ine matotoru o te pakitara | |||
| * Te miihini whānui o waho katoa | |||||
| * Te miihini matotoru pakitara katoa | |||||
| 9 | hanganga matū | Tātaritanga hanganga matū | |||
| * Ngā paearu whakaae mō te hanganga matū. Me tuhi ngā hua o te tātari hanganga matū ki roto i te pukapuka rauemi. | |||||
| 10 | Te Whakaōrite + Te Whakamāmā | Ka mahia te maimoatanga wera (te whakataurite) i muri i te hurihanga wera. Me aro te maimoatanga wera ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te roa. | |||
| I muri i te maimoatanga wera, me tutuki ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te hua i te paerewa ASTM A335. | |||||
| 11 | whakamatao hau | Moenga whakamatao taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa | |||
| 12 | kani | Te kani ki te roa kua tohua | |||
| * Mana whakahaere roa o te paipa maitai | |||||
| 13 | Te tika (mēnā e tika ana) | Whakahaere i te papatahi. | |||
| I muri i te whakatikatika, me rite te whakatikatika ki ngā whakaritenga o te ASTM A335. | |||||
| 14 | Tirotiro me te Whakaae | Tirotiro Āhua me te Ahu | |||
| *Me rite ngā ātete ā-rahi maitai ki te ASTM A999 | |||||
| Tuhipoka: Te ātete ki te diameter o waho: ±0.75%D | |||||
| *Me tirotiro takitahi te āhua kia rite ki te paerewa ASTM A999 kia kore ai e kino te mata. | |||||
| 15 | te kimi hapa | *Me tirotirohia te tinana katoa o te paipa maitai mā te whakamahi i te ultrasonic mō ngā hapa roa e ai ki te ISO9303/E213 | |||
| Whakamātautau ultrasonic: | |||||
| 16 | Whakamātautau āhuatanga mīhini | (1) Whakamātautau kume (whakaroa) me te whakamātautau papatahi | |||
| Auautanga tirotiro | 5%/puranga, kia rua ngā ngongo iti rawa | ||||
| Min | Teitei | ||||
| P9 | Kaha Tukunga（Mpa） | 205 | |||
| kaha kume (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| Te whakaroa | E ai ki te paerewa ASTM A335 | ||||
| Whakamātautau whakapapatahi | E ai ki te paerewa ASTM A999 | ||||
| (2) Whakamātautau mārō | |||||
| Auau whakamātautau: rite tonu ki te whakamātautau kume | 1 wahi/puranga | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25 HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| Kia mōhio: Paerewa whakamātautau pakeke Vickers: ISO6507, ASTM E92 rānei; | |||||
| Paerewa whakamātautau pakeke o Rockwell: ISO6508, ASTM E18 rānei | |||||
| 17 | NDT | Me whakamātautau ia paipa rino kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o ngā tikanga whakamātautau E213, E309, E570 rānei. | |||
| 18 | whakamātautau pēhanga wai | Whakamātautau waipū e ai ki te ASTM A999, te pēhanga whakamātautau | |||
| 19 | whakarara | Te whakapikonga rite o ngā pito e rua o te paipa maitai e ai ki te ASTM B16.25, pikitia 3(a) | |||
| 20 | Te ine i te taumaha me te roa | *Te manawanui ki te taumaha kotahi: -6%~ +4%. | |||
| 21 | Paerewa paipa | Me tohua te mata o waho o te paipa maitai kia rite ki te paerewa ASTM A335 me ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki. Ko ngā ihirangi o te tohu koia ēnei: | |||
| "Roa Taumaha TPCO ASTM A335 Tau-Marama Ngā Ahu P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE Tau Wera Tau Rōpū Tau Ngongo | |||||
| 22 | peita | Kua peitahia te mata o waho o te ngongo kia rite ki te paerewa wheketere. | |||
| 23 | taupoki pito paipa | **Me whai taupoki kirihou i ngā pito e rua o ia ngongo | |||
| 24 | rārangi rauemi | *Me whakarato te pukapuka rauemi kia rite ki te EN10204 3.1. "Me whakaatu te PO a te Kaihoko i roto i te pukapuka rauemi." | |||
ASTM A335 P11 he paipa pāmahana teitei, he mea hanga ki te maitai koranu, he mea hanga ki te ferritic, he mea hanga ki te paerewa o Amerika. He momo ngongo maitai kore hononga te ngongo koranu, he nui ake tōna mahi i te ngongo maitai kore hononga whānui, nā te mea he nui ake te C i roto i tēnei momo ngongo maitai, he iti iho tōna mahi i te ngongo maitai kore hononga noa, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te ngongo koranu i roto i te hinu, te rererangi, te matū, te hiko, te pōro, te hōia me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Tirohanga Whānui
| Paerewa:ASTM A335 | Koranu, Kāore rānei: Koranu |
| Rōpū Tau: P11 | Taupānga: Paipa Pūwero |
| Matotoru: 1 – 100 mm | Maimoatanga Mata: Hei Whakaritenga a te Kaihoko |
| Diameter o Waho (Porowhita): 10 – 1000 Mm | Tikanga: Hurihia Wera/ Tātarihia Matao |
| Roa: Roa Pūmau, Roa Matapōkere rānei | Maimoatanga Wera: Whakamahana/Whakatikatika/Whakamātao |
| Āhua Wāhanga: Porowhita | Paipa motuhake: Paipa Pakitara Matotoru |
| Te Takenga Mai: Haina | Whakamahinga: Paipa Kohu Pēhanga Teitei, Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera |
| Tiwhikete: ISO9001:2008 | Whakamātautau: ET/UT |
Waenga Matū
Te hanganga matū o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga mō te pakaru hinu
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
Āhuatanga Mīhini
| Ngā Āhuatanga | Raraunga |
| Kaha kume, iti rawa, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Kaha whakaputa, iti rawa, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Te Maimoatanga Wera
|
Tau | Momo Maimoatanga Wera | Te Whakaōrite i te Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | Te Whakamahanatanga Iti-aroha, Te Whakamahanatanga rānei |
| P5, P9, P11, me P22 | |||
| A335 P11 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamārie | ***** | 1250[650] |
Manawanui
Mō ngā paipa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te diameter o roto, kaua te diameter o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te diameter o roto kua tohua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter o Waho
| Kaitohu NPS | Manawanui pai | manawanui kino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 ki te 11⁄2, Tae atu ki | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Neke atu i te 11⁄2 ki te 4, tae atu ki. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8, tae atu ki | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12, tae atu ki. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 12 | ±1 % o te mea kua tohua | |||
ASTM A335 P22He paipa maitai koranu tuimotu tēnei mō te whakamahinga ferritic pāmahana teitei. He momo ngongo maitai tuimotu te ngongo koranu, he nui ake tōna mahi i te ngongo maitai tuimotu whānui, nā te mea he nui ake te C kei roto i tēnei momo ngongo maitai, he iti iho tōna mahi i te ngongo maitai tuimotu noa, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te ngongo koranu i roto i te hinu, te rererangi, te matū, te hiko, te pōro, te ope taua me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Tirohanga Whānui
| Paerewa:ASTM A335 | Koranu, Kāore rānei: Koranu |
| Rōpū Tau: P22 | Taupānga: Paipa Pūwero |
| Matotoru: 1 – 100 mm | Maimoatanga Mata: Hei Whakaritenga a te Kaihoko |
| Diameter o Waho (Porowhita): 10 – 1000 Mm | Tikanga: Hurihia Wera/ Tātarihia Matao |
| Roa: Roa Pūmau, Roa Matapōkere rānei | Maimoatanga Wera: Whakamahana/Whakatikatika/Whakamātao |
| Āhua Wāhanga: Porowhita | Paipa motuhake: Paipa Pakitara Matotoru |
| Te Takenga Mai: Haina | Whakamahinga: Paipa Kohu Pēhanga Teitei, Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera |
| Tiwhikete: ISO9001:2008 | Whakamātautau: ET/UT |
Waenga Matū
Te hanganga matū o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga mō te pakaru hinu
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 |
Āhuatanga Mīhini
| Ngā Āhuatanga | Raraunga |
| Kaha kume, iti rawa, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Kaha whakaputa, iti rawa, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Te Maimoatanga Wera
|
Tau | Momo Maimoatanga Wera | Te Whakaōrite i te Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | Te Whakamahanatanga Iti-aroha, Te Whakamahanatanga rānei |
| P5, P9, P11, me P22 | |||
| A335 P22 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamārie | ***** | 1250[650] |
Manawanui
Mō ngā paipa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te diameter o roto, kaua te diameter o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te diameter o roto kua tohua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter o Waho
| Kaitohu NPS | Manawanui pai | manawanui kino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 ki te 11⁄2, Tae atu ki | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Neke atu i te 11⁄2 ki te 4, tae atu ki. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8, tae atu ki | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12, tae atu ki. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 12 | ±1 % o te mea kua tohua | |||
Ko te A335 P22 he maitai ferritic pāmahana teitei 2.25Cr-1Mo Chromium-molybdenum mō ngā kohua me ngā whakamahana nui,ASTM A335/A335Mpaerewa. I te tau 1985, i whakatōkia ki roto i te GB5310, ā, i tapaina ko 12Cr2MoG. He rite ngā momo maitai o ētahi atu whenua, pērā i te Federal Republic of Germany 10CrMo910 me Japan STBA24. I roto i te raupapa maitai cr-1Mo, he teitei te kaha o tōna wera, i raro i te pāmahana ōrite (mahana≤580℃) he nui ake te kaha o te pakaru o te tīwiri me te ahotea e whakaaetia ana i te maitai 9CR-1Mo, ā, he pai te mahi tukatuka me te mahi whakarewa, he pai te kirihou pakari. Nō reira, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taiao mahi uaua, pērā i te mana wera, te mana karihi me ētahi taputapu hauwai i roto i ngā paipa whakamahana me ngā oko pēhanga teitei.
Te pāmahana whakaaetia: Ko te A335P22 (SA-213T22) e whakamahia ana i roto i te 300,600MW me ētahi atu pāmahana pakitara ngongo kohua tipu hiko kaha nui.≤580℃te pāmahana pakitara wera nui me te ngongo & LT;540℃Ko te paipa mamaoa pakitara me te pane, kua whakamahia whānuitia tēnei momo maitai i te United States, Japan me Europe, he roa te hītori o te mahi i roto i ngā tipu hiko, he pumau te mahi, he pai te mahi tukanga o te maitai pakeke.
Ko te maitai 12Cr1MoV nō te maitai vanadium chromium-molybdenum, e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa maitai 12Cr1MoV/GB5310. He whānuitia te whakamahinga, ko te pāmahana kei roto i te 480℃~580℃rohe pāmahana teitei me tētahi o ngā rauemi tino nui. 12Cr1MoVG pāmahana ratonga ngongo maitai: e whakamahia ana mō te maitai matua o te ngongo whakamahana nui, te pane me te paipa mamaoa o te pōro pēhanga teitei ko tōna pāmahana pakitara ngongo he iti iho i te 580, he ōrite rānei.℃.
Tukanga whakaputa: Whakamātautau pakeke:
1. Te hurihuri wera (ngā ngongo maitai kore hononga i whakaputahia): te porowhita ngongo porowhita → te whakamahana → te poka → te hurihuri whakawhiti-toru-pōro, te hurihuri tonu, te whakaputanga rānei → te tango i te ngongo → te rahi (te whakaiti rānei) → te whakamatao → te whakatikatika → te whakamātautau pēhanga wai (te kimi hapa rānei) → te tohu → te rokiroki
2. Te tuhi makariri (te hurihuri) te ngongo maitai korekore: te pire ngongo porowhita → te whakamahana → te poka → te pane → te whakamahana → te whakamātao → te whakamātao → te hinu (te whakakikorua parahi) → te tuhi makariri maha-haere (te hurihuri makariri) → te ngongo pātea → te maimoatanga wera → te whakatikatika → te whakamātautau pēhanga wai (te kimi hapa) → te tohu → te rokiroki
Te tākai:
He tākai tahanga/tākai paihere/tākai pouaka/parenga rakau i ngā taha e rua o ngā ngongo, ā, he pai te tiaki mō te tuku tika ki te moana, ki te tono rānei.
Tirohanga Whānui
Ngongo kōhua pāmahana teitei paerewa P92, he paipa koranu tui.
| Paerewa:ASTM A335 | Koranu, Kāore rānei: Koranu |
| Rōpū Tau: P92 | Taupānga: Paipa Pūwero |
| Matotoru: 1 – 100 mm | Maimoatanga Mata: Hei Whakaritenga a te Kaihoko |
| Diameter o Waho (Porowhita): 10 – 1000 Mm | Tikanga: Hurihia Wera/ Tātarihia Matao |
| Roa: Roa Pūmau, Roa Matapōkere rānei | Maimoatanga Wera: Whakamahana/Whakatikatika/Whakamātao |
| Āhua Wāhanga: Porowhita | Paipa motuhake: Paipa Pakitara Matotoru |
| Te Takenga Mai: Haina | Whakamahinga: Paipa Kohu Pēhanga Teitei, Pūwero me te Whakawhiti Wera |
| Tiwhikete: ISO9001:2008 | Whakamātautau: ET/UT |
Waenga Matū
Te hanganga matū o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga mō te pakaru hinu
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9.5 | 0.30-0.60 |
Āhuatanga Mīhini
| Ngā Āhuatanga | Raraunga |
| Kaha kume, iti rawa, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Kaha whakaputa, iti rawa, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Te Maimoatanga Wera
|
Tau | Momo Maimoatanga Wera | Te Whakaōrite i te Awhe Pāmahana F [C] | Te Whakamahanatanga Iti-aroha, Te Whakamahanatanga rānei |
| P5, P9, P11, me P22 | |||
| A335 P92 | Te Whakamahana Katoa, te Whakamahana Isothermal rānei | ||
| Whakaōrite me te Whakamārie | ***** | 1250[675] |
Manawanui
Mō ngā paipa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te diameter o roto, kaua te diameter o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te diameter o roto kua tohua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter o Waho
| Kaitohu NPS | Manawanui pai | manawanui kino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 ki te 11⁄2, Tae atu ki | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Neke atu i te 11⁄2 ki te 4, tae atu ki. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8, tae atu ki | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12, tae atu ki. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 12 | ±1 % o te mea kua tohua | |||
