chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha ASTM A335 chitoliro chokhazikika cha boiler cha kuthamanga kwambiri
| Muyezo:ASTM A335 | Aloyi Kapena Ayi: Aloyi |
| Gulu la Giredi: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 Ndi zina zotero. | Ntchito: Chitoliro cha Boiler |
| Kunenepa: 1 - 100 mm | Kuchiza Pamwamba: Monga Chofunikira cha Makasitomala |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (wozungulira): 10 - 1000 Mm | Njira: Yotenthedwa/ Yozizira Yokokedwa |
| Utali: Utali Wokhazikika Kapena Utali Wosasinthika | Kutentha: Kuchepetsa/Kusintha/Kuchepetsa |
| Chigawo cha Gawo: Chozungulira | Chitoliro Chapadera: Chitoliro Cholimba cha Khoma |
| Malo Oyambira: China | Kagwiritsidwe: Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri, Boiler Ndi Kutentha |
| Chitsimikizo: ISO9001:2008 | Mayeso: ET/UT |
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga chitoliro cha boiler chachitsulo cha alloy chapamwamba kwambiri, chitoliro chosinthira kutentha, chitoliro cha nthunzi champhamvu kwambiri cha mafakitale amafuta ndi mankhwala.
Kalasi ya chitoliro cha aloyi chapamwamba kwambiri: P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92 etc.
| Giredi | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.50 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 1.00~1.50 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0.50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0.60 |
Udindo watsopano womwe wakhazikitsidwa motsatira Practice E 527 ndi SAE J1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). B Giredi P 5c iyenera kukhala ndi titaniyamu yosachepera nthawi 4 kuposa kaboni ndipo yosapitirira 0.70%; kapena columbium yokhala ndi nthawi 8 mpaka 10 kuposa kaboni.
| Katundu wa makina | P1, P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| Mphamvu yobereka | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
| Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha kwa F [C] | Kuchepetsa kapena Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika |
| P5, P9, P11, ndi P22 | Kuchuluka kwa Kutentha F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (b,c) | Anneal Yonse kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| Anneal Yosafunikira (P5c yokha) | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | Anneal Yonse kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | Anneal Yonse kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | Anneal Yonse kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Kuzimitsa ndi Kukwiya | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
Pa chitoliro chokonzedwa kuti chikhale m'mimba mwake mkati, m'mimba mwake mkati mwake musasinthe kuposa 6 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake mkati mwake womwe watchulidwa.
Kusintha Kovomerezeka mu Diameter Yakunja
| Wopanga NPS | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1⁄8 mpaka 11⁄2, kuphatikiza | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Kupitirira 11⁄2 mpaka 4, kuphatikiza. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitilira 4 mpaka 8, kuphatikiza | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12, kuphatikiza | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Zaka zoposa 12 | 6 1 % ya zomwe zatchulidwa kunja m'lifupi |
Mayeso a Hydraustatic:
Chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi amodzi ndi amodzi. Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mayeso ndi 20 MPa. Pansi pa kuthamanga kwa mayeso, nthawi yokhazikika iyenera kukhala osachepera 10 S, ndipo chitoliro chachitsulo sichiyenera kutuluka.
Wogwiritsa Ntchito Akavomereza, Mayeso a Hydraulic Angalowe M'malo ndi Eddy Current Testing kapena Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing.
Mayeso Osawononga:
Mapaipi Omwe Amafuna Kuyang'aniridwa Kwambiri Ayenera Kuwunikidwa Mothandizidwa ndi Ultrasonical Limodzi ndi Limodzi. Pambuyo pa Kukambirana Kumafuna Chilolezo cha Gululo Ndipo Chafotokozedwa Mu Pangano, Mayeso Ena Osawononga Akhoza Kuwonjezedwa.
Mayeso Ophwanyira:
Machubu Okhala ndi Diameter Yakunja Yoposa 22 mm Ayenera Kuyesedwa Mopepuka. Palibe Delamination Yooneka, Madontho Oyera, Kapena Zodetsa Zomwe Ziyenera Kuchitika Pa Kuyesera Konse.
Mayeso a Kuuma:
Pa chitoliro cha Giredi P91, P92, P122, ndi P911, mayeso olimba a Brinell, Vickers, kapena Rockwell ayenera kupangidwa pa chitsanzo kuchokera ku gulu lililonse.
Mayeso Opindika:
Pa chitoliro chomwe mainchesi ake ndi opitilira NPS 25 ndipo chiŵerengero chake cha mainchesi ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi 7.0 kapena kuchepera, chiyenera kuyesedwa kupindika m'malo mwa mayeso opapatiza. Chitoliro china chomwe mainchesi ake ndi ofanana kapena opitilira NPS 10 chikhoza kupatsidwa mayeso opindika m'malo mwa mayeso opapatiza malinga ndi chilolezo cha wogula.
1. Kutsegula pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe
2. Kutumiza katundu wambiri
ASTM A335 P5ndi chitoliro chopanda chitsulo cha alloy chopanda chitsulo cha ferritic chapamwamba kwambiri cha muyezo waku America. Chitoliro cha alloy ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chopanda chitsulo, magwiridwe ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda chitsulo, chifukwa mtundu uwu wa chitoliro chachitsulo uli ndi C yochulukirapo, magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ochepa kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda chitsulo wamba, kotero chitoliro cha alloy chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, ndege, mankhwala, magetsi, boiler, asilikali ndi mafakitale ena.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha Alloy chili ndi zinthu zambiri kupatula kaboni monga nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium ndi zinthu zina zochepa zomwe zimavomerezedwa monga manganese, sulfure, silicon, ndi phosphorous.
Chitsulo cha aloyi cha m'nyumba chogwirizana: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 “Muyezo wa Mapaipi a Chitsulo Chosasemphana wa Kuphwanya Mafuta”
- Malipiro: 30% Deposit, 70% L/C Kapena B/L Copy Kapena 100% L/C Pa Sight
- Kuchuluka kwa Order: 1 PC
- Mphamvu Yopereka: Pachaka, Matani 20000 Ogulitsa Chitoliro cha Chitsulo
- Nthawi Yotsogolera: Masiku 7-14 Ngati Zilipo, Masiku 30-45 Opanga
- Kulongedza: Kutayika Kwakuda, Bevel Ndi Kapu Ya Chitoliro Chilichonse; OD Yochepera 219mm Iyenera Kuyikidwa Mu Bundle, Ndipo Bundle Iliyonse Iyenera Kupitirira Matani Awiri.
Chidule
| Muyezo:ASTM A335 | Aloyi Kapena Ayi: Aloyi |
| Gulu la Giredi: P5 | Ntchito: Chitoliro cha Boiler |
| Kunenepa: 1 - 100 mm | Kuchiza Pamwamba: Monga Chofunikira cha Makasitomala |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (wozungulira): 10 - 1000 Mm | Njira: Yotenthedwa/ Yozizira Yokokedwa |
| Utali: Utali Wokhazikika Kapena Utali Wosasinthika | Kutentha: Kuchepetsa/Kusintha/Kuchepetsa |
| Chigawo cha Gawo: Chozungulira | Chitoliro Chapadera: Chitoliro Cholimba cha Khoma |
| Malo Oyambira: China | Kagwiritsidwe: Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri, Boiler Ndi Kutentha |
| Chitsimikizo: ISO9001:2008 | Mayeso: ET/UT |
Kugwiritsa ntchito
Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri Kupanga Chitoliro Chapamwamba Chachitsulo Chosungunuka, Chitoliro Chosinthidwa Kutentha, Chitoliro Chotentha Champhamvu Cha Mafuta Ndi Makampani Amankhwala
Chigawo cha Mankhwala
| Nyimbo | Deta |
| Kusankhidwa kwa UNS | K41545 |
| Mpweya (wochuluka) | 0.15 |
| Manganese | 0.30-0.60 |
| Phosphorus (yochuluka) | 0.025 |
| Silikoni (yochuluka) | 0.50 |
| Chromium | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molybdenum | 0.45-0.65 |
| Zinthu Zina | ... |
Katundu wa Makina
| Katundu | Deta |
| Mphamvu Yokoka, Min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Mphamvu Yotulutsa, Min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Kutalika, Min, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Kutentha Chithandizo
| Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha kwa F [C] | Kuchepetsa kapena Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika kwa Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, Ndi P22 | Kuchuluka kwa Kutentha F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (B,C) | Anneal Yonse Kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| A335 P5b | Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | Anneal Yosafunikira | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] |
Kulekerera
Pa Chitoliro Cholamulidwa Kufika M'mimba mwake, M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati Sichiyenera Kusiyana Kuposa ± 1% Kuchokera M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati
Zosiyanasiyana Zovomerezeka Mu Diameter Yakunja
| Wopanga NPS | Kulekerera kwabwino | kulekerera koipa | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 mpaka 11⁄2, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Kupitirira 11⁄2 mpaka 4, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitilira 4 mpaka 8, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12, Kuphatikiza | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Zaka zoposa 12 | ± 1% ya Zomwe Zatchulidwa Kunja M'mimba mwake | |||
Chofunikira pa Mayeso
Mayeso a Hydraustatic:
Chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi amodzi ndi amodzi. Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mayeso ndi 20 MPa. Pansi pa kuthamanga kwa mayeso, nthawi yokhazikika iyenera kukhala osachepera 10 S, ndipo chitoliro chachitsulo sichiyenera kutuluka.
Wogwiritsa Ntchito Akavomereza, Mayeso a Hydraulic Angalowe M'malo ndi Eddy Current Testing kapena Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing.
Mayeso Osawononga:
Mapaipi Omwe Amafuna Kuyang'aniridwa Kwambiri Ayenera Kuwunikidwa Mothandizidwa ndi Ultrasonical Limodzi ndi Limodzi. Pambuyo pa Kukambirana Kumafuna Chilolezo cha Gululo Ndipo Chafotokozedwa Mu Pangano, Mayeso Ena Osawononga Akhoza Kuwonjezedwa.
Mayeso Ophwanyira:
Machubu Okhala ndi Diameter Yakunja Yoposa 22 mm Ayenera Kuyesedwa Mopepuka. Palibe Delamination Yooneka, Madontho Oyera, Kapena Zodetsa Zomwe Ziyenera Kuchitika Pa Kuyesera Konse.
Mayeso a Kuuma:
Pa Mapaipi A Magiredi P91, P92, P122, ndi P911, Mayeso a Brinell, Vickers, kapena Rockwell Hardness Ayenera Kupangidwa Pa Chitsanzo Chochokera ku Loti Iliyonse
Mayeso Opindika:
Pa chitoliro chomwe kukula kwake kumapitirira NPS 25 ndipo kukula kwake kufika pa khoma ndi 7.0 kapena kuchepera, chiyesocho chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi kupindika m'malo mwa mayeso opindika. Chitoliro china chomwe kukula kwake kumafanana kapena kupitirira NPS 10 chingapatsidwe mayeso opindika m'malo mwa mayeso opindika malinga ndi kuvomereza kwa wogula.
Zipangizo & Kupanga
Chitolirocho chingakhale chotenthedwa kapena chozizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophikira yomaliza yomwe yatchulidwa pansipa.
Kutentha Chithandizo
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Mayeso a Makina Otchulidwa
- Mayeso Opingasa kapena a Longitudinal Tension Test ndi Flattening Test, Hardness Test, kapena Bend Test
- Pa kutentha kwa zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa mu uvuni wamtundu wa batch, mayeso ayenera kuchitidwa pa 5% ya chitoliro kuchokera ku gawo lililonse lokonzedwa. Pa malo ang'onoang'ono, chitoliro chimodzi chiyenera kuyesedwa.
- Kuti kutentha kwa zinthu kukonzedwe ndi njira yopitilira, mayeso ayenera kuchitidwa pa chitoliro chokwanira kupanga 5% ya malo, koma osapitirira mapaipi awiri.
Malangizo a Mayeso a Bend:
- Pa chitoliro chomwe mainchesi ake ndi oposa NPS 25 ndipo chiŵerengero chake cha mainchesi ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi 7.0 kapena kuchepera, chiyenera kuyesedwa kupindika m'malo mwa kuyesa kuthyola.
- Chitoliro china chomwe mainchesi ake ndi ofanana kapena opitilira NPS 10 chingapatsidwe mayeso opindika m'malo mwa mayeso opendekera malinga ndi chilolezo cha wogula.
- Zitsanzo zoyeserera kupindika ziyenera kupindika kutentha kwa chipinda mpaka madigiri 180 popanda kusweka kunja kwa gawo lopindika.
ASTM A335 P5Machubu achitsulo chosasunthika ndi oyenera madzi, nthunzi, haidrojeni, mafuta owawasa, ndi zina zotero. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthunzi ya madzi, kutentha kwake kwakukulu ndi 650℃Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogwirira ntchito monga mafuta owawasa, imakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa sulfure kutentha kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri a sulfure a 288~550.℃.
Njira yopangira:
1. Kugubuduza kotentha (chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika chotulutsidwa): chubu chozungulira chozungulira → kutentha → kubowola → kugwedezeka kwa mtanda kwa mipukutu itatu, kugwedezeka kosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuchotsa chubu → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) → kuziziritsa → kuwongola → kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → kulemba chizindikiro → kusungira
2. Chitoliro chozizira (chozungulira) chachitsulo chosasunthika: chubu chozungulira chozungulira → kutentha → kubowola → mutu → kuphimba → kusakaniza → kusakaniza mafuta (kuphimba mkuwa) → kukongoletsa kozizira kopitilira muyeso (kuzungulira kozizira) → chubu chopanda kanthu → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi (kupeza zolakwika) → kulemba chizindikiro → kusungira
Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito:
Mu zipangizo zoyeretsera mpweya komanso zotsukira mpweya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mafuta osakonzedwa okhala ndi sulfure yambiri,ASTM A335 P5Machubu achitsulo chosasunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mapaipi apansi a nsanja zamlengalenga ndi zotsukira mpweya, machubu a ng'anjo ya ng'anjo zamlengalenga ndi zotsukira mpweya, magawo othamanga kwambiri a mizere yosinthira mafuta yamlengalenga ndi zotsukira mpweya ndi mapaipi ena amafuta ndi gasi otentha kwambiri okhala ndi sulfure.
Mu mayunitsi a FCC,ASTM A335 P5Machubu achitsulo chosasunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapaipi otentha kwambiri a slurry, catalyst ndi refining return, komanso mapaipi ena a sulfure ndi gasi otentha kwambiri.
Mu chipinda chochedwetsa kuphika,ASTM A335 P5Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa chitoliro chodyetsa kutentha kwambiri pansi pa nsanja ya coke ndi chitoliro cha mafuta ndi gasi chotentha kwambiri pamwamba pa nsanja ya coke, chitoliro cha ng'anjo pansi pa ng'anjo ya coke, chitoliro pansi pa nsanja ya fracking ndi chitoliro china cha mafuta ndi gasi chotentha kwambiri chokhala ndi sulfure.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha Alloy chili ndi zinthu zambiri kupatula kaboni monga nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium ndi zinthu zina zochepa zomwe zimavomerezedwa monga manganese, sulfure, silicon, ndi phosphorous..
ASTM A335 P9 ndi chitoliro cha ferritic chopanda msoko cha kutentha kwambiri cha American standard. Chubu cha aloyi ndi mtundu wa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika, magwiridwe ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika, chifukwa chubu chachitsulo chamtunduwu chili ndi C yochulukirapo, magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ochepa kuposa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika, kotero chubu cha aloyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, ndege, mankhwala, magetsi, boiler, asilikali ndi mafakitale ena.
A335 P9Ndi chitsulo chotentha kwambiri cha chromium-molybdenum alloy chomwe chimapangidwa motsatira muyezo wa ku America. Chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa sulfide, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi otentha kwambiri komanso ophulika a zomera zoyeretsera mafuta, makamaka chitoliro chotenthetsera mwachindunji cha ng'anjo yotentha, kutentha kwapakati kumatha kufika 550~600℃.
Chitsulo cha aloyi cha m'nyumba chogwirizana: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 “Muyezo wa Mapaipi a Chitsulo Chosasemphana wa Kuphwanya Mafuta”
Chidule
| Muyezo:ASTM A335 | Aloyi Kapena Ayi: Aloyi |
| Gulu la Giredi: P9 | Ntchito: Chitoliro cha Boiler |
| Kunenepa: 1 - 100 mm | Kuchiza Pamwamba: Monga Chofunikira cha Makasitomala |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (wozungulira): 10 - 1000 Mm | Njira: Yotenthedwa/ Yozizira Yokokedwa |
| Utali: Utali Wokhazikika Kapena Utali Wosasinthika | Kutentha: Kuchepetsa/Kusintha/Kuchepetsa |
| Chigawo cha Gawo: Chozungulira | Chitoliro chapadera: Chitoliro Cholimba cha Khoma |
| Malo Oyambira: China | Kagwiritsidwe: Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri, Boiler Ndi Kutentha |
| Chitsimikizo: ISO9001:2008 | Mayeso: ET/UT |
Chigawo cha Mankhwala
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika kuti aswe mafuta
| ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
Katundu wa Makina
| Katundu | Deta |
| Mphamvu yokoka, mphindi, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Mphamvu yotulutsa, mphindi, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Kutalika, mphindi, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Kutentha Chithandizo
|
Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha kwa F [C] | Kuchepetsa kapena Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika kwa Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, Ndi P22 | |||
| A335 P9 | Anneal Yonse Kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothira kapena zoyeretsera + zoyeretsera. Kuthamanga kwa kuziziritsa kwa njira yothira mafuta kumakhala kochedwa, kumakhudza kayendedwe ka kupanga, njira yopangira ndi yovuta kuyilamulira, komanso mtengo wake ndi wokwera; Chifukwa chake, kupanga kwenikweni sikumagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira kutentha yothira mafuta, nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira kutentha yothira mafuta m'malo mwa njira yothira mafuta, kuti akwaniritse kupanga mafakitale.
A335 P9Chitsulo chifukwa chilibe V, Nb ndi zinthu zina zoyeretsera, motero kutentha kwa normalizing kuposa chitsulo cha A335 P91 kumakhala kotsika, 950 ~ 1050℃, gwirani kwa ola limodzi, njira yoyeretsera carbide yambiri imasungunuka koma palibe kukula koonekeratu kwa tirigu, koma kutentha kwambiri kwa normalizing kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha tirigu wa austenite: kutentha kwa tempering ndi 740-790℃, kuti kuuma kukhale kochepa, nthawi yotenthetsera iyenera kukulitsidwa moyenera.
Kulekerera
Pa Chitoliro Cholamulidwa Kufika M'mimba mwake, M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati Sichiyenera Kusiyana Kuposa ± 1% Kuchokera M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati
Zosiyanasiyana Zovomerezeka Mu Diameter Yakunja
| Wopanga NPS | Kulekerera kwabwino | kulekerera koipa | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 mpaka 11⁄2, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Kupitirira 11⁄2 mpaka 4, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitilira 4 mpaka 8, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12, Kuphatikiza | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Zaka zoposa 12 | ± 1% ya Zomwe Zatchulidwa | |||
Njira yopangira:
A335 idapangidwa malinga ndi momwe zida zilili ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha Tianjin komanso mawonekedwe ake.A335 P9Njira yoyesera yopanga chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha P9:Kupanga zitsulo za ng'anjo yamagetsi → kukonza ladle → kuchotsa mpweya m'malo otayira mpweya → kuponyera die → chubu chopanda kanthu → chubu chopanda kanthu chopopera → chubu chopanda kanthu chotenthetsera → kuboola kwa oblique → PQF chubu chopitilira chopopera chopopera chopopera chopopera chopopera → kukula kwa mipukutu itatu → kuziziritsa bedi → kumapeto kwa chubu Malinga ndi kudula → kuwongola chitoliro chachitsulo → kuzindikira kutayikira kwa maginito → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → kuzindikira zolakwika za ultrasonic → mayeso a hydraulic → kuyang'anira kukula ndi mawonekedwe → kusungira.
njira yopangira：
| Nambala ya chinthu | njira yopangira | Kuchitapo Kanthu ndi Kulamulira Ubwino | |||
| 1 | Msonkhano wokonzekera kuyendera | Mphindi za msonkhano | |||
| 2 | ASEA-SKF | Sinthani kapangidwe ka mankhwala | |||
| *Kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala | |||||
| *kutentha kwa kusungunuka | |||||
| 3 | CCM | billet | |||
| 4 | Kuyang'anira zinthu zopangira | Kuyang'ana kopanda kanthu ndi kutsimikizira khalidwe | |||
| *Mkhalidwe wa mawonekedwe: Pamwamba pa chidebecho payenera kukhala popanda zilema monga zipsera, slag, ma pinholes, ming'alu, ndi zina zotero. Zolemba, mabowo ndi maenje sayenera kupitirira 2.5mm | |||||
| 5 | Kutentha kopanda kanthu | Kutentha ma billets mu ng'anjo yozungulira | |||
| *Kuwongolera kutentha kwa kutentha | |||||
| 6 | kuboola kwa chitoliro | Boola ndi chibowo cha chiwongolero/chiwongolero | |||
| *Onetsetsani kutentha mukaboola | |||||
| * Yang'anirani kukula pambuyo pobowola | |||||
| 7 | Yotenthedwa Kwambiri | Kugubuduzika kotentha m'machubu opitilira | |||
| *Khazikitsani makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro | |||||
| 8 | Kukula | Sinthani kukula kwa m'mimba mwake ndi makulidwe a khoma | |||
| * Makina athunthu akunja kwa mainchesi | |||||
| * Makina okwana makulidwe a khoma lonse | |||||
| 9 | kapangidwe ka mankhwala | Kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala | |||
| * Zofunikira zovomerezeka za kapangidwe ka mankhwala. Zotsatira za kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala ziyenera kulembedwa m'buku la zinthu. | |||||
| 10 | Kusinthasintha + Kutenthetsa | Kuchiza kutentha (kubwezeretsa kutentha) kumachitika pambuyo potentha. Kuchiza kutentha kuyenera kusamala kuti kulamulire kutentha ndi nthawi yake. | |||
| Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mawonekedwe a makina a chinthucho ayenera kukwaniritsa muyezo wa ASTM A335 | |||||
| 11 | kuziziritsa mpweya | Bedi loziziritsira pang'onopang'ono | |||
| 12 | kudula | Kudula mpaka kutalika komwe kwatchulidwa | |||
| * Kulamulira kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo | |||||
| 13 | Kuwongoka (ngati kuli kofunikira) | Amalamulira kusalala. | |||
| Pambuyo powongoka, kuongoka kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi ASTM A335 | |||||
| 14 | Kuyang'anira ndi Kuvomereza | Mawonekedwe ndi Kuyang'anira Magawo | |||
| *Kulekerera kwa chitsulo kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi ASTM A999 | |||||
| Chidziwitso: Kulekerera kwa dayamita yakunja: ± 0.75%D | |||||
| *Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe kuyenera kuchitika m'modzim'modzi malinga ndi muyezo wa ASTM A999 kuti tipewe malo oipa. | |||||
| 15 | kuzindikira zolakwika | *Thupi lonse la chitoliro chachitsulo liyenera kufufuzidwa ndi ultrasound kuti liwone ngati pali zolakwika zazitali malinga ndi ISO9303/E213. | |||
| Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound: | |||||
| 16 | Kuyesa kwa katundu wa makina | (1) Kuyesa kwa kolimba (kwa nthawi yayitali) ndi kuyesa kosalala | |||
| Kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku | 5%/batch, osachepera machubu awiri | ||||
| Ochepera | Max | ||||
| P9 | Mphamvu Yopereka (Mpa) | 205 | |||
| mphamvu yokoka (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| Kutalikitsa | Malinga ndi muyezo wa ASTM A335 | ||||
| Kuyesera kosalala | Malinga ndi muyezo wa ASTM A999 | ||||
| (2) Kuyesa kuuma | |||||
| Kuchuluka kwa mayeso: kofanana ndi mayeso okoka | Chidutswa chimodzi/gulu | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25 HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| Chidziwitso: Muyezo woyesera kuuma kwa Vickers: ISO6507 kapena ASTM E92; | |||||
| Muyezo wa mayeso a kuuma kwa Rockwell: ISO6508 kapena ASTM E18 | |||||
| 17 | NDT | Chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo chiyenera kuyesedwa motsatira zofunikira za njira zoyesera E213, E309 kapena E570. | |||
| 18 | mayeso a kuthamanga kwa madzi | Kuyesa kwa hydrostatic malinga ndi ASTM A999, kuthamanga kwa mayeso | |||
| 19 | bevel | Kuzungulira kogwirizana kwa malekezero onse awiri a chitoliro chachitsulo malinga ndi ASTM B16.25chithunzi 3(a) | |||
| 20 | Kuyeza kulemera ndi kutalika | *Kulekerera kulemera kamodzi: -6%~ +4%. | |||
| 21 | Muyezo wa chitoliro | Pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo payenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha spray motsatira muyezo wa ASTM A335 ndi zofunikira kwa makasitomala. Zolemba zake ndi izi: | |||
| “Kulemera kwa Kutalika TPCO ASTM A335 Miyeso ya Miyezi ya Chaka P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE Nambala ya Kutentha Nambala ya Lot Tube Nambala | |||||
| 22 | utoto | Mbali yakunja ya chubucho yapakidwa utoto motsatira muyezo wa fakitale | |||
| 23 | chivundikiro cha chitoliro | **Payenera kukhala zipewa zapulasitiki kumapeto onse a chubu chilichonse | |||
| 24 | mndandanda wazinthu | *Buku la zinthu liyenera kuperekedwa motsatira EN10204 3.1. "Makalata a Kasitomala ayenera kuwonetsedwa m'buku la zinthuzo. | |||
ASTM A335 P11 ndi chitoliro cha ferritic chopanda msoko cha kutentha kwambiri cha American standard. Chubu cha aloyi ndi mtundu wa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika, magwiridwe ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika, chifukwa chubu chachitsulo chamtunduwu chili ndi C yochulukirapo, magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ochepa kuposa chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika, kotero chubu cha aloyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, ndege, mankhwala, magetsi, boiler, asilikali ndi mafakitale ena.
Chidule
| Muyezo:ASTM A335 | Aloyi Kapena Ayi: Aloyi |
| Gulu la Giredi: P11 | Ntchito: Chitoliro cha Boiler |
| Kunenepa: 1 - 100 mm | Kuchiza Pamwamba: Monga Chofunikira cha Makasitomala |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (wozungulira): 10 - 1000 Mm | Njira: Yotenthedwa/ Yozizira Yokokedwa |
| Utali: Utali Wokhazikika Kapena Utali Wosasinthika | Kutentha: Kuchepetsa/Kusintha/Kuchepetsa |
| Chigawo cha Gawo: Chozungulira | Chitoliro chapadera: Chitoliro Cholimba cha Khoma |
| Malo Oyambira: China | Kagwiritsidwe: Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri, Boiler Ndi Kutentha |
| Chitsimikizo: ISO9001:2008 | Mayeso: ET/UT |
Chigawo cha Mankhwala
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika kuti aswe mafuta
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
Katundu wa Makina
| Katundu | Deta |
| Mphamvu yokoka, mphindi, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Mphamvu yotulutsa, mphindi, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Kutentha Chithandizo
|
Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha kwa F [C] | Kuchepetsa kapena Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika kwa Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, Ndi P22 | |||
| A335 P11 | Anneal Yonse Kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250[650] |
Kulekerera
Pa Chitoliro Cholamulidwa Kufika M'mimba mwake, M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati Sichiyenera Kusiyana Kuposa ± 1% Kuchokera M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati
Zosiyanasiyana Zovomerezeka Mu Diameter Yakunja
| Wopanga NPS | Kulekerera kwabwino | kulekerera koipa | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 mpaka 11⁄2, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Kupitirira 11⁄2 mpaka 4, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitilira 4 mpaka 8, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12, Kuphatikiza | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Zaka zoposa 12 | ± 1% ya Zomwe Zatchulidwa | |||
ASTM A335 P22ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri cha ferritic. Chitoliro cha alloy ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko, magwiridwe ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko, chifukwa mtundu uwu wa chitoliro chachitsulo uli ndi C yochulukirapo, magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ochepa kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko, kotero chitoliro cha alloy chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, ndege, mankhwala, magetsi, boiler, asilikali ndi mafakitale ena.
Chidule
| Muyezo:ASTM A335 | Aloyi Kapena Ayi: Aloyi |
| Gulu la Giredi: P22 | Ntchito: Chitoliro cha Boiler |
| Kunenepa: 1 - 100 mm | Kuchiza Pamwamba: Monga Chofunikira cha Makasitomala |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (wozungulira): 10 - 1000 Mm | Njira: Yotenthedwa/ Yozizira Yokokedwa |
| Utali: Utali Wokhazikika Kapena Utali Wosasinthika | Kutentha: Kuchepetsa/Kusintha/Kuchepetsa |
| Chigawo cha Gawo: Chozungulira | Chitoliro chapadera: Chitoliro Cholimba cha Khoma |
| Malo Oyambira: China | Kagwiritsidwe: Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri, Boiler Ndi Kutentha |
| Chitsimikizo: ISO9001:2008 | Mayeso: ET/UT |
Chigawo cha Mankhwala
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika kuti aswe mafuta
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 |
Katundu wa Makina
| Katundu | Deta |
| Mphamvu yokoka, mphindi, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Mphamvu yotulutsa, mphindi, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Kutentha Chithandizo
|
Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha kwa F [C] | Kuchepetsa kapena Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika kwa Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, Ndi P22 | |||
| A335 P22 | Anneal Yonse Kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250[650] |
Kulekerera
Pa Chitoliro Cholamulidwa Kufika M'mimba mwake, M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati Sichiyenera Kusiyana Kuposa ± 1% Kuchokera M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati
Zosiyanasiyana Zovomerezeka Mu Diameter Yakunja
| Wopanga NPS | Kulekerera kwabwino | kulekerera koipa | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 mpaka 11⁄2, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Kupitirira 11⁄2 mpaka 4, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitilira 4 mpaka 8, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12, Kuphatikiza | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Zaka zoposa 12 | ± 1% ya Zomwe Zatchulidwa | |||
A335 P22 ndi chitsulo cha ferritic cha 2.25Cr-1Mo cha Chromium-molybdenum High Temperature cha ma boiler ndi ma superheaters,ASTM A335/A335Mmuyezo. Mu 1985, idasamutsidwa ku GB5310 ndipo idatchedwa 12Cr2MoG. Mayiko ena ali ndi mitundu yofanana yachitsulo, monga Federal Republic of Germany 10CrMo910 ndi Japan STBA24. Mu mndandanda wachitsulo wa cr-1Mo, mphamvu yake yotentha imakhala yokwera, pansi pa kutentha komweko (kutentha komweko).≤580℃() mphamvu yake yosweka ndi kupsinjika kovomerezeka ndi kokwera kwambiri kuposa chitsulo cha 9CR-1Mo, ndipo ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino, komanso pulasitiki yolimba. Chifukwa chake, yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ovuta kugwira ntchito, monga mphamvu ya kutentha, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi zida zina za haidrojeni m'mapaipi osiyanasiyana otenthetsera ndi zombo zoyendera mpweya.
Kutentha kovomerezeka: A335P22 (SA-213T22) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu 300,600MW ndi kutentha kwina kwa chubu cha makoma cha boiler cha 300,600MW ndi zina zazikulu.≤580℃kutentha kwa khoma la superheater ndi chubu & LT;540℃Chitoliro cha nthunzi cha khoma ndi mutu, mtundu uwu wa chitsulo wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States, Japan ndi Europe, wakhala ukugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'mafakitale amphamvu, ndi ntchito yokhazikika, ndi ntchito yabwino ya chitsulo chokhwima.
Chitsulo cha 12Cr1MoV ndi cha chitsulo cha vanadium cha chromium-molybdenum vanadium, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha 12Cr1MoV/GB5310. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kutentha kwake kuli mu 480℃~580℃Malo otentha kwambiri okhala ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zambiri. Kutentha kwa chubu chachitsulo cha 12Cr1MoVG: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa chitsulo chachikulu cha chubu cha superheater, mutu ndi chitoliro cha nthunzi cha boiler yothamanga kwambiri yomwe kutentha kwa khoma la chubu ndi kochepera kapena kofanana ndi 580℃.
Kupanga njira: Mayeso a Kuuma:
1. Kugubuduza kotentha (chubu chachitsulo chosasunthika chotulutsidwa): chubu chozungulira chozungulira → kutentha → kubowola → kugwedezeka kwa mtanda kwa mipukutu itatu, kugwedezeka kosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuchotsa chubu → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) → kuziziritsa → kuwongola → kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → kulemba chizindikiro → kusungira
2. Chitoliro chozizira (chozungulira) chachitsulo chosasunthika: chubu chozungulira chozungulira → kutentha → kubowola → mutu → kuphimba → kusakaniza → kusakaniza mafuta (kuphimba mkuwa) → kukongoletsa kozizira kopitilira muyeso (kuzungulira kozizira) → chubu chopanda kanthu → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi (kupeza zolakwika) → kulemba chizindikiro → kusungira
Kulongedza:
Kulongedza zinthu zopanda kanthu/kulongedza zinthu/kulongedza mabokosi/kuteteza zinthu zamatabwa mbali zonse ziwiri za machubu ndipo zotetezedwa bwino kuti zitumizidwe bwino panyanja kapena ngati zapemphedwa.
Chidule
Chitoliro cha P92 chokhazikika cha kutentha kwambiri cha boiler chomwe chili ndi seamless alloy.
| Muyezo:ASTM A335 | Aloyi Kapena Ayi: Aloyi |
| Gulu la Giredi: P92 | Ntchito: Chitoliro cha Boiler |
| Kunenepa: 1 - 100 mm | Kuchiza Pamwamba: Monga Chofunikira cha Makasitomala |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (wozungulira): 10 - 1000 Mm | Njira: Yotenthedwa/ Yozizira Yokokedwa |
| Utali: Utali Wokhazikika Kapena Utali Wosasinthika | Kutentha: Kuchepetsa/Kusintha/Kuchepetsa |
| Chigawo cha Gawo: Chozungulira | Chitoliro chapadera: Chitoliro Cholimba cha Khoma |
| Malo Oyambira: China | Kagwiritsidwe: Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri, Boiler Ndi Kutentha |
| Chitsimikizo: ISO9001:2008 | Mayeso: ET/UT |
Chigawo cha Mankhwala
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika kuti aswe mafuta
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9.5 | 0.30-0.60 |
Katundu wa Makina
| Katundu | Deta |
| Mphamvu yokoka, mphindi, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Mphamvu yotulutsa, mphindi, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Kutentha Chithandizo
|
Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha kwa F [C] | Kuchepetsa kapena Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika kwa Subcritical |
| P5, P9, P11, Ndi P22 | |||
| A335 P92 | Anneal Yonse Kapena Yotentha Kwambiri | ||
| Sinthani ndi Kulimbitsa Mtima | ***** | 1250[675] |
Kulekerera
Pa Chitoliro Cholamulidwa Kufika M'mimba mwake, M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati Sichiyenera Kusiyana Kuposa ± 1% Kuchokera M'mimba mwake mwa Mkati
Zosiyanasiyana Zovomerezeka Mu Diameter Yakunja
| Wopanga NPS | Kulekerera kwabwino | kulekerera koipa | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 mpaka 11⁄2, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Kupitirira 11⁄2 mpaka 4, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitilira 4 mpaka 8, Kuphatikiza | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12, Kuphatikiza | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Zaka zoposa 12 | ± 1% ya Zomwe Zatchulidwa | |||
