Kabong ea 'maraka, hangata re kopana le lipeipi tsa maemo a mangata joalo ka "liphaephe tsa maemo a mararo" le "lipeipi tsa maemo a mahlano".
Leha ho le joalo, metsoalle e mengata ha e tsebe ho lekaneng ka boemo ba sebele ba liphaephe tse ngata tse tloaelehileng, 'me ha li li utloisise. Ke tšepa hore sehlooho sena se ka u fa khothatso e le hore u se ke ua hlola u e-ba le lipelaelo mabapi le theko ea thepa le tšebeliso e latelang.
01-Nts'etsopele ea liphaephe tsa maemo a mangata joalo ka "liphaephe tsa maemo a mararo" le "liphaephe tsa maemo a mahlano" le mabaka le bohlokoa ba boteng ba tsona.
Mehleng ea pele, liphaephe tsa mefuta e mengata li ne li buelloa kapa li hlokoa ke mokha oa morero, e le hore mokga oa morero o ka reka le ho li sebelisa ka mokhoa o momahaneng, ho boloka nako le mathata.
Qalong, liphaephe tsa maemo a mangata li ne li le teng ka ho tsamaisana le maemo a Amerika le maemo a Amerika, mme tataiso ea mantlha ea ts'ebeliso e ne e le kantle ho naha, haholo-holo e neng e na le "liphaephe tsa maemo a mararo" le "lipeipi tsa maemo a mahlano". Hamorao, hobane meralo e mengata ea merero ea petrochemical ea lapeng e ile ea kengoa ts'ebetsong ho latela maemo a Amerika, butle-butle liphaephe tse tloaelehileng li ile tsa kenngoa molemong oa ho reka le ho sebelisa merero ea lehae ea petrochemical le lik'hemik'hale.
Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea 'me' maraka o ntse o tsoela pele ka mokhoa o hloekisitsoeng, ho aroloa ha liphaephe tsa mefuta e mengata 'marakeng hona joale ho na le litsebi tse ngata le tse fapaneng.
Hona joale, ho phaella ho "liphaephe tsa litekanyetso tse tharo" le "liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tse hlano", ho boetse ho na le "lipeipi tsa maemo a mabeli" le "lipeipi tse tloaelehileng tse 'nè"' marakeng. Ho feta moo, ha li felle feela ka ho phela hammoho ha litekanyetso tsa Amerika le litekanyetso tsa Amerika, empa hape le pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa naha le tsa naha, le pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa naha le tsa Amerika.
Liphaephe tsa maemo a mangata 'marakeng ha li sa laoloa ke basebelisi ba morero, empa li se li qalisoa ke barekisi (lifektheri, barekisi ba mebaraka).
Lebaka leo ka lona lipeipi tsa maemo a mangata li leng teng:
Pele ho tsohle, ha e le hantle, e ka finyelloa. Liphaephe tse bitsoang li-multi-standard, joalokaha lebitso le bolela: pipe e tšoanang ea tšepe e kopana le litekanyetso tse fetang tse peli tsa ho bolaoa le thepa. E ka kopana mona le mane, 'me likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mochine, le litlhoko tsa theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea litekanyetso tse' maloa li ka finyelloa ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Boemong ba pele: liphaephe tsa mefuta e mengata li buelloa haholo ke mokha oa morero bakeng sa boiketlo ba ho reka thepa e bohareng, ho boloka nako, boiteko le mathata;
Ha maraka a ntse a fetoha butle-butle ho tloha 'marakeng oa morekisi ho ea ho' maraka oa moreki, melemo ea "ho boloka nako, boiteko le mathata" e fetisetsoa ho bafani ba 'maraka, ka melemo e mengata ea moruo. Ka mohlala: haeba chelete e lekanang le chelete e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa / ho boloka thepa e le 'ngoe e tloaelehileng, hona joale e ka hlahisa / thepa tse peli, tse tharo, tse' nè ... Lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa li phethehile haholoanyane, 'me li ka fana ka litšebeletso tse nakong bakeng sa litlhoko tse lebisitsoeng, tse khethehileng le tse fapaneng tsa bareki.
02 - Phapang le ho hlaka ha ho khethoa ha li-tubes tse tloaelehileng tse fumanehang 'marakeng.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea likarabo ho sehlopha sa li-tubes tse ngata tse tloaelehileng:
1. Ho ea ka litekanyetso tse lumellanang li kenyelelitsoe: Hona joale, ho na le li-tubes tse tloaelehileng pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa Amerika, li-tubes tse nang le mefuta e mengata pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa naha, le li-tubes tse ngata pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa Amerika le litekanyetso tsa naha. Ho lebeletsoe hore ho tla ba le li-tubes tse tloaelehileng pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa naha, litekanyetso tsa Amerika, le litekanyetso tsa Europe nakong e tlang;
2. Ho ea ka palo ea litekanyetso tse kenyelletsoeng: Ho na le li-tubes tse tloaelehileng tse peli, li-tubes tse tharo, li-tubes tse tloaelehileng tse 'nè, li-tubes tse hlano le mefuta e meng;
Baemeli ba ka sehloohong: Li-tubes tsa maemo a mabeli:ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53B; ASME SA106 B, ASTM A53B; ASME SA333 Gr.6, ASTM A333 Gr.6ASME SA106 B (C), ASTM A106B (C),GB/T 6479Q345E, Q355E, GB/T 18984 16MnDG;API 5L B(limaraka tsa tšepe tse tsamaellanang le maemo), GB/T 9711 L245 (limaraka tse tsamaellanang tsa tšepe maemong a tloaelehileng) [litekanyetso tsena tse peli ha e le hantle ke liphetolelo tse lekanang ka botlalo tsa maemo a Amerika le maemo a naha]
Liphaephe tsa maemo a mararo:ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53 B,API 5L PSL1 B; ASME SA106 B, ASME SA53 B, ASTM A106B;
Liphaephe tsa maemo a mane le lipeipi tsa maemo a mahlano li fumaneha haholo liphaepheng tse tloaelehileng tsa Amerika le lipeipi tse fetisang mokelikeli: Baemeli ba tloaelehileng:ASTM A106B, ASMESA106 B, ASTM A53Gr.B, API 5L PSL1 B, ASTM A333 Gr.6,API 5L X42le litekanyetso tse ling le thepa.
Nako ea poso: Mar-13-2025
