Kabong ea 'maraka, hangata re kopana le liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata tse kang "liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mararo" le "liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mahlano".
Leha ho le jwalo, metswalle e mengata ha e tsebe ho lekaneng ka boemo ba sebele ba diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata, mme ha e di utlwisise. Ke tshepa hore sengoloa sena se ka o fa pululelo e le hore o se hlole o belaela ka theko le tshebediso e latelang.
01—Ntlafatso ea liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata tse kang "liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mararo" le "liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mahlano" le mabaka le bohlokoa ba boteng ba tsona
Mehleng ea pele, liphaephe tsa maemo a mangata li ne li buelloa kapa li hlokoa ke sehlopha sa projeke, e le hore sehlopha sa projeke se ka li reka le ho li sebelisa ka tsela e kopaneng, ho boloka nako le mathata.
Qalong, liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata li ne li le teng haholo-holo ka nako e le 'ngoe le maemo a Amerika le maemo a Amerika, 'me tataiso e ka sehloohong ea tšebeliso e ne e le ho romela kantle ho naha, haholo-holo e nang le "liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mararo" le "liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mahlano". Hamorao, hobane meralo e mengata ea merero ea petrochemical ea malapeng e ile ea kenngoa tšebetsong ho latela maemo a Amerika, liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata li ile tsa kenngoa butle-butle thekong le ts'ebelisong ea merero ea petrochemical le lik'hemik'hale ea malapeng.
Ha nako e ntse e feta 'me' maraka o ntse o hola ka tsela e ntlafalitsoeng, ho hlophisoa ha liphaephe tsa maemo a mangata 'marakeng hona joale ke tsa botsebi le tse fapaneng.
Hona jwale, ntle le "diphaephe tse maemo a mararo" le "diphaephe tse maemo a mahlano", ho boetse ho na le "diphaephe tse maemo a mabedi" le "diphaephe tse maemo a mane" mmarakeng. Ho feta moo, ha di felle feela ho beng teng ha maemo a Amerika le maemo a Amerika, empa hape le pakeng tsa maemo a naha le maemo a naha, le pakeng tsa maemo a naha le maemo a Amerika.
Liphaephe tsa maemo a mangata 'marakeng ha li sa laoloa ke basebelisi ba projeke, empa li qalile ke bafepedi (lifeme, barekisi ba 'maraka).
Lebaka leo ka lona ho nang le liphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata:
Taba ea pele, ha re bua ka motheo, e ka finyelloa. Liphaephe tse bitsoang li-multi-standard, joalo ka ha lebitso le bontša: phaephe e tšoanang ea tšepe e fihlela maemo a fetang a mabeli a ts'ebetso le thepa. E ka fihlela mona le mane, 'me likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mechini, le litlhoko tsa theknoloji ea ts'ebetso tsa maemo a' maloa li ka fihlelleha ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Mokhahlelong wa pele: diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata di kgothalletswa haholo ke mokga wa projeke bakeng sa boiketlo ba theko e bohareng, ho boloka nako, boiteko le mathata;
Ha mmaraka o ntse o fetoha butle-butle ho tloha 'marakeng oa morekisi ho ea 'marakeng oa moreki, melemo ea "ho boloka nako, boiteko le mathata" e fetisetsoa ho bafani ba 'maraka, ka melemo e meholo ea moruo. Mohlala: haeba chelete e lekanang e sebelisoa ho hlahisa/ho boloka thepa e le 'ngoe e tloaelehileng, joale e ka hlahisa/ho boloka tse peli, tse tharo, tse 'ne... Lihlahisoa tsa setoko li feletse haholoanyane, 'me li ka fana ka lits'ebeletso tse nakong bakeng sa litlhoko tse reriloeng, tse ikhethileng le tse fapaneng tsa bareki.
02—Phapang le ho totobala ha sehlopha sa lipeipi tse nang le maemo a mangata tse fumanehang 'marakeng
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea likarabo mabapi le ho hlophisoa ha lipeipi tse nang le maemo a mangata:
1. Ho ya ka maemo a tsamaellanang a kenyelleditsweng: Hona jwale, ho na le diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata pakeng tsa maemo a Amerika, diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata pakeng tsa maemo a naha, le diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata pakeng tsa maemo a Amerika le maemo a naha. Ho lebelletswe hore ho tla ba le diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mangata pakeng tsa maemo a naha, maemo a Amerika le maemo a Yuropa nakong e tlang;
2. Ho ya ka palo ya maemo a kenyelleditsweng: Ho na le diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mabedi, diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mararo, diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mane, diphaephe tse nang le maemo a mahlano le mefuta e meng;
Baemeli ba ka sehloohong: Liphaephe tse tloaelehileng habeli:ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53B; ASME SA106 B, ASTM A53B; ASME SA333 Gr.6, ASTM A333 Gr.6ASME SA106 B (C), ASTM A106B (C),GB/T 6479Q345E, Q355E, GB/T 18984 16MnDG;API 5L B(likereiti tse tsamaellanang tsa tšepe tekanyetsong), GB/T 9711 L245 (likereiti tse tsamaellanang tsa tšepe tekanyetsong) [likereiti tsena tse peli ha e le hantle ke liphetolelo tse lekanang ka botlalo tsa phetolelo ea tekanyetso ea Amerika le tekanyetso ea naha]
Liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tse tharo:ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53 B,API 5L PSL1 BASME SA106 B, ASME SA53 B, ASTM A106B;
Liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tse 'ne le liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tse hlano li fumanoa haholo-holo liphaepheng tse tloaelehileng tsa Amerika le liphaepheng tse tsamaisang metsi: Baemeli ba tloaelehileng:ASTM A106B, ASMESA106 B, ASTM A53Gr.B, API 5L PSL1 B, ASTM A333 Gr.6,API 5L X42le maemo le thepa e meng.
Nako ea poso: Hlakubele-13-2025
