Kwimarike, sihlala sidibana neepayipi ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezifana "neepayipi ezisemgangathweni ezintathu" kunye "neepayipi ezikumgangatho ezintlanu".
Nangona kunjalo, abahlobo abaninzi abazi ngokwaneleyo ngemeko yokwenyani yeepayipi ezisemgangathweni, kwaye abaziqondi. Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku lingakunika ugqozi ukuze ungabi nakungabaza ngokuthengwa nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
01—Uphuhliso lweepayipi ezisemgangathweni ezininzi ezifana "neepayipi ezisemgangathweni ezintathu" kunye "neepayipi ezisemgangathweni ezintlanu" kunye nezizathu kunye nokubaluleka kobukho bazo
Kwimihla yokuqala, iipayipi ezisemgangathweni ezininzi zazikhuthazwa okanye zifunwa liqela leprojekthi, ukuze iqela leprojekthi likwazi ukuzithenga nokuzisebenzisa ngendlela efanayo, okonga ixesha neengxaki.
Ekuqaleni, imibhobho esemgangathweni ophezulu yayikhona ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho yaseMelika, kwaye indlela eyintloko yokusetyenziswa yayikukuthumela ngaphandle, ikakhulu yayiquka "imibhobho emigangatho emithathu" kunye "nemibhobho emigangatho emihlanu". Kamva, ngenxa yokuba uyilo oluninzi lweeprojekthi zepetrochemical zasekhaya zaphunyezwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yaseMelika, imibhobho emigangatho emininzi yangeniswa kancinci kancinci ekuthengweni nasekusetyenzisweni kweeprojekthi zepetrochemical kunye neekhemikhali zasekhaya.
Njengoko ixesha lihamba kwaye imakethi ikhula ngendlela ephucukileyo, ukuhlelwa kwemibhobho esemgangathweni kwimarike ngoku kuchwephesha ngakumbi kwaye kwahlulwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Okwangoku, ukongeza "kwiipayipi ezisemgangathweni ezintathu" kunye "neepayipi ezisemgangathweni ezintlanu", kukwakho "iipayipi ezisemgangathweni ezimbini" kunye "neepayipi ezisemgangathweni ezine" ezikwimarike. Ngaphezu koko, azipheleli nje ekubenikho kwemigangatho yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho yaseMelika, kodwa zikwakho naphakathi kwemigangatho yesizwe kunye nemigangatho yesizwe, naphakathi kwemigangatho yesizwe kunye nemigangatho yaseMelika.
Iipayipi ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezikwimarike azisalawulwa ngabasebenzisi beprojekthi, kodwa ziqalwe ngababoneleli (iifektri, abarhwebi bemarike).
Isizathu sokuba kubekho imibhobho esemgangathweni emininzi:
Okokuqala, ngokusisiseko, inokwenzeka. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yimibhobho yemigangatho emininzi, njengoko igama lisitsho: umbhobho wentsimbi ofanayo uhlangabezana nemigangatho yokuphunyezwa kunye nezixhobo ezingaphezulu kwesibini. Ingahlangabezana apha naphaya, kwaye izinto zeekhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye neemfuno zobuchwepheshe benkqubo zemigangatho eyahlukeneyo zinokufezekiswa ngaxeshanye.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala: iipayipi ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zixhaswa kakhulu liqela leprojekthi ukuze kube lula ukuthenga izinto ndawonye, ukonga ixesha, umgudu kunye neengxaki;
Njengoko imakethi itshintsha kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwimakethi yomthengisi ukuya kwimakethi yomthengi, iingenelo "zokonga ixesha, umgudu kunye neengxaki" zidluliselwa kubaboneleli bemakethi, kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu zoqoqosho. Umzekelo: ukuba imali efanayo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa/ukugcina impahla enye eqhelekileyo, ngoku inokuvelisa/ukugcina ezimbini, ezintathu, ezine... Iimveliso zesitokhwe zigqibelele ngakumbi, kwaye zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabathengi ezijoliswe kuzo, ezithile nezihlukeneyo.
02—Ukwahluka kunye nokucaciswa kohlu lweetyhubhu ezisemgangathweni ezininzi ezifumaneka rhoqo kwimarike
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeempendulo kuhlelo lweetyhubhu ezisemgangathweni omninzi:
1. Ngokwemigangatho ehambelanayo ebandakanyiweyo: Okwangoku, kukho iityhubhu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu phakathi kwemigangatho yaseMelika, iityhubhu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu phakathi kwemigangatho yesizwe, kunye neetyhubhu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu phakathi kwemigangatho yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho yesizwe. Kulindeleke ukuba kubekho iityhubhu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu phakathi kwemigangatho yesizwe, imigangatho yaseMelika, kunye nemigangatho yaseYurophu kwixesha elizayo;
2. Ngokwenani lemigangatho ebandakanyiweyo: Kukho iityhubhu ezikumgangatho ophindwe kabini, iityhubhu ezikumgangatho wesithathu, iityhubhu ezikumgangatho omine, iityhubhu ezikumgangatho ohlanu kunye nezinye iindlela;
Abameli abaphambili: Iityhubhu ezisemgangathweni ophindwe kabini:I-ASTM A106 B, I-ASTM A53B; I-ASME SA106 B, i-ASTM A53B; I-ASME SA333 Gr.6, i-ASTM A333 Gr.6 I-ASME SA106 B (C), i-ASTM A106B (C),GB/T 6479Q345E, Q355E, GB/T 18984 16MnDG;I-API 5L B(amanqanaba entsimbi ahambelanayo kumgangatho), GB/T 9711 L245 (amanqanaba entsimbi ahambelanayo kumgangatho) [le migangatho mibini ngokwenene ziinguqulelo ezilinganayo ngokupheleleyo zomgangatho waseMelika kunye nomgangatho wesizwe]
Iipayipi ezisemgangathweni ezintathu:I-ASTM A106 B, I-ASTM A53 B,I-API 5L PSL1 BASME SA106 B, ASME SA53 B, ASTM A106B;
Iipayipi ezinemigangatho emine kunye neepayipi ezinemigangatho emihlanu zifumaneka kakhulu kwiipayipi ezisemgangathweni zaseMelika kunye neepayipi ezihambisa ulwelo: Abameli abaqhelekileyo:I-ASTM A106B, I-ASMESA106 B, ASTM A53Gr.B, API 5L PSL1 B, ASTM A333 Gr.6,I-API 5L X42kunye neminye imigangatho kunye nezixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-13-2025
