Kusasazo lweemarike, sihlala sidibana nemibhobho enemigangatho emininzi efana "nemibhobho enemigangatho emithathu" kunye "nemibhobho enemigangatho emihlanu".
Nangona kunjalo, abahlobo abaninzi abazi ngokwaneleyo malunga nemeko yangempela yemibhobho emininzi, kwaye abayiqondi. Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku lingakunika inkuthazo ukuze ungabi sathandabuza ekuthengeni nasekusetyenzisweni okulandelayo.
01-Uphuhliso lwemibhobho enemigangatho emininzi efana "nemibhobho enemigangatho emithathu" kunye "nemibhobho enemigangatho emihlanu" kunye nezizathu kunye nokubaluleka kobukho bayo.
Ngeentsuku zokuqala, iipayipi ezisemgangathweni ezininzi zazikhuthazwa okanye zifunwa yiqela leprojekthi, ukwenzela ukuba iqela leprojekthi likwazi ukuthenga kwaye lisebenzise ngendlela edibeneyo, ukugcina ixesha kunye neengxaki.
Ekuqaleni, imibhobho yemigangatho emininzi yayikhona ngokunxuseneyo nemigangatho yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho yaseMelika, kwaye eyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa yayikukuthumela ngaphandle, ikakhulu ibandakanya "imibhobho enemigangatho emithathu" kunye "nemibhobho enemigangatho emihlanu". Kamva, ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iiprojekthi zepetrochemical zasekhaya zaphunyezwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yaseMelika, imibhobho yemigangatho emininzi yaziswa ngokuthe ngcembe ekuthengeni nasekusetyenzisweni kweeprojekthi zepetrochemical kunye neekhemikhali zasekhaya.
Njengoko ixesha lihamba kwaye imarike ikhula ngendlela ecocekileyo, ulwahlulo lwemibhobho yemigangatho emininzi kwimarike ngoku ichwephesha ngakumbi kwaye ihlukeneyo.
Okwangoku, ukongeza "kwimibhobho yemigangatho emithathu" kunye "nemibhobho enemigangatho emihlanu", kukwakho "imibhobho enemigangatho ephindwe kabini" kunye "nemibhobho enemigangatho emine" kwimarike. Ngaphezu koko, azikhawulelwanga ekuhlalisaneni kwemigangatho yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho yaseMelika, kodwa naphakathi kwemigangatho yelizwe kunye nemigangatho yesizwe, naphakathi kwemigangatho yelizwe kunye nemigangatho yaseMelika.
Imibhobho yemigangatho emininzi kwimarike ayisalawulwa ngabasebenzisi beprojekthi, kodwa iqaliswe ngababoneleli (iifektri, abarhwebi beemarike).
Isizathu sokuba kubekho imibhobho enemigangatho emininzi:
Okokuqala, xa sithetha ngokusisiseko, iyenzeka. Iipayipi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-multi-standard standards, njengoko igama libonisa: umbhobho wensimbi ofanayo udibana nemigangatho emibini yokubulawa kunye nezixhobo. Inokuhlangana apha naphaya, kwaye izinto zekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye neemfuno zetekhnoloji yenkqubo yemigangatho emininzi inokufezekiswa ngaxeshanye.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala: imibhobho yemigangatho emininzi ikhuthazwa ikakhulu yiqela leprojekthi ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuthengwa kwe-centralized, ukugcina ixesha, umgudu kunye neengxaki;
Njengoko imarike itshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwimarike yomthengisi ukuya kwimarike yomthengi, inzuzo "yokugcina ixesha, umgudu kunye neengxaki" zidluliselwa kubanikezeli beemarike, kunye neenzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezoqoqosho. Umzekelo: ukuba isixa esifanayo semali sisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa / isitokhwe enye yezinto ezisemgangathweni, ngoku inokuvelisa / imfuyo ezimbini, ezintathu, ezine ... Iimveliso ezigciniweyo zizalisekile ngakumbi, kwaye zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezijoliswe kuzo, ezikhethekileyo kunye nezihlukeneyo zabathengi.
I-02-Iyantlukwano kunye nokukodwa kokuhlelwa kweetyhubhu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwimarike
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeempendulo kuhlelo lweetyhubhu ezinemigangatho emininzi:
1. Ngokwemigangatho ehambelanayo ifakiwe: Okwangoku, kukho iityhubhu ezininzi ezisemgangathweni phakathi kwemigangatho yaseMelika, iityhubhu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwemigangatho kazwelonke, kunye neetyhubhu ezininzi phakathi kwemigangatho yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho kazwelonke. Kulindeleke ukuba kubekho iityhubhu ezininzi ezisemgangathweni phakathi kwemigangatho yelizwe, imigangatho yaseMelika, kunye nemigangatho yaseYurophu kwixesha elizayo;
2. Ngokwenani lemigangatho ebandakanyiweyo: Kukho iibhubhu eziphindwe kabini, iibhubhu ezisemgangathweni ezintathu, iibhubhu ezine-standard-standard, iityhubhu ezihlanu kunye nezinye iifom;
Abameli abaphambili: Iityhubhu ezikumgangatho ophindwe kabini:I-ASTM A106 B, I-ASTM A53B; I-ASME SA106 B, i-ASTM A53B; ASME SA333 Gr.6, ASTM A333 Gr.6ASME SA106 B (C), ASTM A106B (C),GB/T 6479Q345E, Q355E, GB/T 18984 16MnDG;API 5L B(amabakala ensimbi ahambelanayo kumgangatho), i-GB / T 9711 L245 (amanqanaba entsimbi ahambelanayo kumgangatho) [le migangatho mibini ngokwenene iinguqulelo ezilinganayo ngokupheleleyo zoguqulelo lomgangatho waseMelika kunye nomgangatho wesizwe]
Imibhobho enemigangatho emithathu:I-ASTM A106 B, ASTM A53 B,API 5L PSL1 B; I-ASME SA106 B, ASME SA53 B, ASTM A106B;
Imibhobho enemigangatho emine kunye nemibhobho ekwimigangatho emihlanu ifumaneka ikakhulu kwimibhobho yomgangatho waseMelika kunye nemibhobho ehambisa ulwelo: Abameli abaqhelekileyo:I-ASTM A106B, ASMESA106 B, ASTM A53Gr.B, API 5L PSL1 B, ASTM A333 Gr.6,API 5L X42kunye neminye imigangatho kunye nemathiriyeli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-13-2025
