Ekusatshalalisweni kwemakethe, sivame ukuhlangana namapayipi ajwayelekile amaningi njenge-"three-standard pipes" kanye ne-"five-standard pipes".
Kodwa-ke, abangani abaningi abazi ngokwanele ngesimo sangempela samapayipi ajwayelekile, futhi abawaqondi. Ngiyethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko singakunikeza ugqozi ukuze ungabe usabaza ngokuthengwa nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
01—Ukuthuthukiswa kwamapayipi anezindinganiso eziningi njenge-"amapayipi anezindinganiso ezintathu" kanye "namapayipi anezindinganiso ezinhlanu" kanye nezizathu kanye nokubaluleka kokuba khona kwawo
Ezinsukwini zokuqala, amapayipi ajwayelekile ayekhuthazwa noma adingwa yiqembu lephrojekthi, ukuze iqembu lephrojekthi likwazi ukuwathenga futhi liwasebenzise ngendlela efanayo, kongiwe isikhathi nezinkinga.
Ekuqaleni, amapayipi anezinga eliningi ayekhona kakhulu ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zaseMelika kanye nezindinganiso zaseMelika, futhi isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwakuwukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi okwakuhlanganisa "amapayipi anezinga elithathu" kanye "namapayipi anezinga elihlanu". Kamuva, ngenxa yokuthi imiklamo eminingi yamaphrojekthi e-petrochemical yasekhaya yaqaliswa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zaseMelika, amapayipi anezinga eliningi kancane kancane afakwa ekuthengweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamaphrojekthi e-petrochemical namakhemikhali asekhaya.
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba futhi imakethe ithuthuka ngendlela ehlungiwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwamapayipi asezingeni eliphezulu emakethe manje sekungochwepheshe futhi kuhlukahlukene.
Njengamanje, ngaphezu "kwamapayipi ajwayelekile amathathu" kanye "namapayipi ajwayelekile amahlanu", kukhona futhi "amapayipi ajwayelekile amabili" kanye "namapayipi ajwayelekile amane" emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awagcini ngokuba khona kwezindinganiso zaseMelika kanye nezindinganiso zaseMelika, kodwa futhi naphakathi kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke kanye nezindinganiso zikazwelonke, naphakathi kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke kanye nezindinganiso zaseMelika.
Amapayipi asezingeni eliphezulu emakethe awasalawulwa abasebenzisi bephrojekthi, kodwa aseqalwe abaphakeli (amafektri, abadayisi bemakethe).
Isizathu sokuthi kungani kukhona amapayipi ajwayelekile:
Okokuqala, ngokuyisisekelo, kungenzeka. Amapayipi abizwa ngokuthi ama-multi-standard, njengoba igama lisikisela: ipayipi lensimbi elifanayo lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenzisa kanye nezinto ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Lingahlangabezana kokubili lapha nalaphaya, futhi izakhi zamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe benqubo zezindinganiso eziningana kungahlangatshezwana nazo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Esigabeni sokuqala: amapayipi ajwayelekile akhuthazwa kakhulu yiqembu lephrojekthi ukuze kube lula ukuthenga okuhlanganisiwe, konge isikhathi, umzamo kanye nezinkinga;
Njengoba imakethe ishintsha kancane kancane isuka emakethe yomthengisi iye emakethe yomthengi, izinzuzo "zokonga isikhathi, umzamo kanye nezinkinga" zidluliselwa kubaphakeli bemakethe, ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zomnotho. Isibonelo: uma inani elifanayo lemali lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza/ukugcina impahla eyodwa ejwayelekile, manje ingakhiqiza/ukugcina impahla ezimbili, ezintathu, ezine... Imikhiqizo yesitoko iphelele kakhulu, futhi ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifika ngesikhathi ngezidingo eziqondiwe, ezithile nezihlukahlukene zabathengi.
02—Ukwehlukahluka kanye nokucaciswa kokuhlukaniswa kwamashubhu ajwayelekile atholakala kakhulu emakethe
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpendulo ekuhlukanisweni kwamashubhu ajwayelekile:
1. Ngokwezindinganiso ezifanayo ezifakiwe: Njengamanje, kunezipayipi ezijwayelekile eziningi phakathi kwezindinganiso zaseMelika, izipayipi ezijwayelekile eziningi phakathi kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke, kanye nezipayipi ezijwayelekile eziningi phakathi kwezindinganiso zaseMelika kanye nezindinganiso zikazwelonke. Kulindeleke ukuthi kube nezipayipi ezijwayelekile eziningi phakathi kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke, izindinganiso zaseMelika, kanye nezindinganiso zaseYurophu esikhathini esizayo;
2. Ngokwenani lezindinganiso ezifakiwe: Kukhona amashubhu ajwayelekile kabili, amashubhu ajwayelekile amathathu, amashubhu ajwayelekile amane, amashubhu ajwayelekile amahlanu nezinye izinhlobo;
Abameleli abayinhloko: Amashubhu ajwayelekile kabili:I-ASTM A106 B, I-ASTM A53B; I-ASME SA106 B, i-ASTM A53B; I-ASME SA333 Gr.6, i-ASTM A333 Gr.6 I-ASME SA106 B (C), i-ASTM A106B (C),I-GB/T 6479Q345E, Q355E, GB/T 18984 16MnDG;I-API 5L B(amamaki ensimbi ahambisanayo ku-standard), GB/T 9711 L245 (amamaki ensimbi ahambisanayo ku-standard) [lezi zindinganiso ezimbili empeleni ziyizinguqulo zokuhumusha ezilingana ngokuphelele ze-standard yaseMelika kanye ne-standard kazwelonke]
Amapayipi ajwayelekile amathathu:I-ASTM A106 B, I-ASTM A53 B,I-API 5L PSL1 B; I-ASME SA106 B, i-ASME SA53 B, i-ASTM A106B;
Amapayipi ajwayelekile amane namapayipi ajwayelekile amahlanu atholakala kakhulu kumapayipi ajwayelekile aseMelika kanye namapayipi ahambisa uketshezi: Abameleli abajwayelekile:I-ASTM A106B, I-ASMESA106 B, ASTM A53Gr.B, API 5L PSL1 B, ASTM A333 Gr.6,I-API 5L X42kanye nezinye izindinganiso nezinto zokwakha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-13-2025
