Bututun ƙarfe marasa shinge na Chromium molybdenum (Cr Mo) don hidimar tukunyar jirgi sune kayan aiki na asali da ake amfani da su a cikin tukunyar ruwa, tukunyar ruwa ta masana'antu, da tanderun mai a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba mai yawa. Ana iya rarraba su bisa ga waɗannan ma'aunin fasaha.

1. Rarrabawa ta Hanyar Karfe ko Nau'i (Rarraba Ma'auni)

Matsayin bututun Cr Mo mara sumul yana ƙayyade zafin jiki da matsin lamba da ya dace kai tsaye. An lissafa ma'auni na gama gari da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa a ƙasa.

Karfe Grade ko Type
Daidaitacce
Adadin Cr (kashi)
Yawan Mo (kashi)
Zafin ƙarfe mai dacewa (digiri Celsius)
Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun

15CrMoG
GB/T 5310
0.80 zuwa 1.10
0.25 zuwa 0.35
har zuwa 550
mai dumama, mai sake dumamawa, kan kai

12Cr1MoVG
GB/T 5310
0.90 zuwa 1.20
0.25 zuwa 0.35
har zuwa 580
babban zafi mai zafi, mai sake kunna zafi mai zafi

12Cr2MoG
GB/T 5310
2.00 zuwa 2.50
0.90 zuwa 1.10
har zuwa 600
ƙananan ko manyan abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin tukunyar jirgi mai zafi mai tsanani

T11 / P11
ASTM A213 /A335
1.00 zuwa 1.50
0.44 zuwa 0.65
har zuwa 540
bututun saman dumama tukunyar jirgi (T11), kanun labarai da bututun ruwa (P11)

T22 / P22
ASTM A213 / A335
2.00 zuwa 2.50
0.87 zuwa 1.13
har zuwa 580
babban zafi mai zafi, mai sake kunna zafi mai zafi

T91 / P91
ASTM A213 / A335
8.00 zuwa 9.50
0.85 zuwa 1.05
har zuwa 650
tukunyar jirgi mai zafi sosai da zafi mai zafi

T92 / P92
ASTM A213 / A335
8.50 zuwa 9.50
0.30 zuwa 0.60
har zuwa 650
abubuwan da ke buƙatar ƙarfin rarrafe mafi girma

Lura: A cikin GB/T 5310, ƙarin bayani na G yana nufin bututun tukunya mai matsin lamba mai yawa. A cikin ƙa'idodin Amurka, ana amfani da jerin T (Bututu) don ƙananan bututun saman dumama, yayin da jerin P (Bututu) ana amfani da shi don manyan kanun diamita da bututu.

2. Rarrabawa ta Matsayin Bangaren Boiler

Matsayin bangaren
Maki gama gari
Matsakaicin zafin ƙarfe (digiri Celsius)
Muhimman buƙatu

Bututun bango na ruwa
15CrMoG, 20G
Daga 400 zuwa 500
juriyar iskar shaka, isasshen ƙarfin rarrafe

Bututun zafi mai zafi
12Cr1MoVG, T91, T92
Daga 550 zuwa 650
kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafin jiki mai zurfi da juriya ga tururi

Bututun sake dumamawa
12Cr1MoVG, T91
Daga 550 zuwa 600
yayi kama da na'urar dumama zafi amma yana da ɗan siririn bango

Bututun Economizer
15CrMoG, 20G
ƙasa da 450
juriya ga tsatsa don sashin ƙananan zafin jiki

Kanun labarai
12Cr1MoVG, P22, P91
kusa da zafin tururi
kauri bango, juriya ga matsin lamba, kyakkyawan walda

Babban bututun tururi
P22, P91, P92
Daga 540 zuwa 620
ƙarfin shiga mai ƙarfi, juriya ga gajiya mai zafi

3. Rarrabawa ta Tsarin Masana'antu

Duk da cewa dukkansu bututu ne marasa matsala, bututun Cr Mo masu inganci suna da buƙatun tsari na musamman.

Mirgina mai zafi ko fitar da zafi: ingantaccen samarwa mai yawa, faɗin girmansa, saman da sikelin oxide. Ya dace da bututun bango mai kauri matsakaici zuwa babba, kamar kanun kai da manyan bututun tururi.

Zane mai sanyi ko birgima mai sanyi: daidaito mai girma (har zuwa ƙari ko rage 0.05 mm), saman santsi. Ya dace da ƙananan bututun bango masu sirara kamar na'urar dumama da na'urorin dumama serpentine.

Zane mai sanyi tare da maganin zafi mai haske: tsaftar ciki mai kyau, babu ma'aunin oxide. Ya dace da bututun ruwa mai matsin lamba da bututun kayan aiki masu daidaito.

Saboda yawan sinadarin da ke cikin ƙarfe, ƙarfen Cr Mo yana buƙatar kulawa mai tsauri kan zafin dumama da kuma saurin lalacewa yayin birgima mai zafi ko fitar da zafi don guje wa tsagewa ko tsarin da ba iri ɗaya ba.

4. Rarrabawa ta hanyar Diamita ta Waje da Kauri a Bango

Nau'i
Kewayon diamita na waje (mm)
Kauri daga bango (mm)
Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun

Ƙananan bututun diamita
Daga 16 zuwa 89
2 zuwa 8
na'urorin dumama superheater da reheater serpentine

Bututu mai matsakaicin diamita
89 zuwa 219
6 zuwa 25
bututun saukarwa da haɗawa

Babban bututu mai diamita
Daga 219 zuwa 610
Daga 20 zuwa 60
kanun labarai da manyan bututun tururi

5. Rarrabawa bisa ga Ma'aunin da Ya Dace

Kasuwannin fitarwa daban-daban suna buƙatar tsarin da ya bambanta.

Ma'aunin Sinanci: GB/T 5310, maki kamar 15CrMoG, 12Cr1MoVG, 12Cr2MoG.

Ma'aunin Amurka: ASTM A213 don ƙaramin diamita, A335 don babban diamita, maki kamar T11, T22, T91, P11, P22, P91.

Ma'aunin Turai: EN 10216-2, maki kamar 13CrMo4-5, 10CrMo5-5, X10CrMoVNb9-1 (daidai yake da T91).

Ma'aunin Jamusanci: DIN 17175 (an maye gurbinsa da EN amma har yanzu ana amfani da shi don tsoffin ayyuka), maki kamar 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910.

Ma'aunin ƙasa da ƙasa: ISO 9329-2, maki masu dacewa.

6. Rarrabawa ta Yanayin Isarwa

Yanayin isar da bututun Cr Mo kai tsaye yana shafar aikinsu na hidima.

Daidaitawa da kuma daidaita (N da T): daidaitawa sannan kuma daidaita yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ana amfani da shi ga yawancin bututun Cr Mo kamar 15CrMoG da 12Cr1MoVG.

Daidaita (N): Daidaita kawai. Ana amfani da shi don aikace-aikace inda buƙatun tasirin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi ba su da mahimmanci.

An kashe kuma an rage zafi (Q da T): kashewa sannan a rage zafi. Ana amfani da shi don buƙatar ƙarfi mai yawa da ƙarfi mai yawa, misali wasu T91 da P91.

Maganin da aka yi wa magani (S): ana dumama shi zuwa zafin jiki mai yawa sannan a sanyaya shi da sauri. Ana amfani da shi don bututun Cr Mo na bakin ciki kamar TP347H (yana ɗauke da ƙarfe Cr amma ba na Cr Mo na yau da kullun ba).