Paipu Laina Kila ʻOle Kalapona APISPEC5L-2012 46th edition
| Kūlana:API 5L | Alloy a i ʻole ʻAʻole: ʻAʻole alloy, Carbon |
| Pūʻulu Papa: Gr.B X42 X52 X60 X65 X70 etc | Noi: Paipu Laina |
| Mānoanoa: 1 - 100 mm | Ka Lapaʻau ʻIli: E like me ke koi a ka mea kūʻai aku |
| Anawaena Waho (Poepoe): 10 - 1000 mm | ʻAno hana: Wela ʻōwili ʻia |
| Lōʻihi: Loa paʻa a lōʻihi paha | Ka mālama wela: Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana |
| ʻĀpana ʻAno: Poepoe | Paipu Kūikawā: PSL2 a i ʻole Paipu Papa Kiʻekiʻe |
| Kahi i hoʻomaka ai: Kina | Hoʻohana: Kūkulu ʻana, Paipu wai |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: NDT/CNV |
Hoʻohana ʻia ka pipeline e lawe i ka ʻaila, ka mahu a me ka wai i huki ʻia mai ka lepo a i nā ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma o ka pipeline
Māka noAPI 5Llaina paipu kila: Gr.B X42 X52 X60 X65 X70
| Papa Kila (Inoa Kila) | Ka hapa nui, ma muli o ka wela a me nā loiloi huahanaa,g% | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | ||
| ʻoi loa b | ʻoi loa b | minuke | ka nui loa | ka nui loa | ka nui loa | ka nui loa | ka nui loa | |
| Paipu humuhumu ʻole | ||||||||
| L175 a i ʻole A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L175P a i ʻole A25P | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L210 a i ʻole A | 0.22 | 0.90 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L245 a i ʻole B | 0.28 | 1.20 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 a i ʻole X42 | 0.28 | 1.30 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L320 a i ʻole X46 | 0.28 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L360 a i ʻole X52 | 0.28 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L390 a i ʻole X56 | 0.28 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L415 a i ʻole X60 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L450 a i ʻole X65 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L485 a i ʻole X70 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia | ||||||||
| L175 a i ʻole A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L175P a i ʻole A25P | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L210 a i ʻole A | 0.22 | 0.90 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L245 a i ʻole B | 0.26 | 1.20 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 a i ʻole X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L320 a i ʻole X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L360 a i ʻole X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L390 a i ʻole X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L415 a i ʻole X60 | 0.26 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L450 a i ʻole X65 | 0.26 e | 1.45 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L485 a i ʻole X70 | 0.26 e | 1.65 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| a Cu ≤ 0.50 %; Ni ≤ 0.50 %; Cr ≤ 0.50 % a me Mo ≤ 0.15 %. b No kēlā me kēia hōʻemi ʻana o 0.01% ma lalo o ka nui kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kalapona, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.05% ma luna o ka nui kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia no Mn, a hiki i ka nui o 1.65% no nā māka ≥ L245 a i ʻole B, akā ≤ L360 a i ʻole X52; a hiki i ka nui o 1.75% no nā māka > L360 a i ʻole X52, akā < L485 a i ʻole X70; a hiki i ka nui o 2.00% no ka Papa L485 a i ʻole X70. c Inā ʻaʻole i ʻaelike ʻia, Nb + V ≤ 0.06 %. d Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15 %. e Ke ʻole i ʻaelike ʻia. f Inā ʻaʻole i ʻaelike ʻia, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15 %. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o B me ka manaʻo hoʻoholo a ʻo ke koena B ≤ 0.001%. | ||||||||
|
Papa Paipu | Kino Paipu o ka Paipu Seamless a me Welded | Huina Weld o EW, LW, SAW, a me COWPaipu | ||
| Ikaika Hāʻawia Rt0.5 | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻaa Rm | Hoʻolōʻihi(ma 50 mm a i ʻole 2 ʻīniha.)Af | Ikaika Hoʻopaʻab Rm | |
| MPa (psi) | MPa (psi) | % | MPa (psi) | |
| minuke | minuke | minuke | minuke | |
| L175 a i ʻole A25 | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L175P a i ʻole A25P | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L210 a i ʻole A | 210 (30,500) | 335 (48,600) | c | 335 (48,600) |
| L245 a i ʻole B | 245 (35,500) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L290 a i ʻole X42 | 290 (42,100) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L320 a i ʻole X46 | 320 (46,400) | 435 (63,100) | c | 435 (63,100) |
| L360 a i ʻole X52 | 360 (52,200) | 460 (66,700) | c | 460 (66,700) |
| L390 a i ʻole X56 | 390 (56,600) | 490 (71,100) | c | 490 (71,100) |
| L415 a i ʻole X60 | 415 (60,200) | 520 (75,400) | c | 520 (75,400) |
| L450 a i ʻole X65 | 450 (65,300) | 535 (77,600) | c | 535 (77,600) |
| L485 a i ʻole X70 | 485 (70,300) | 570 (82,700) | c | 570 (82,700) |
| a No nā papa waena, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ka ikaika yield liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kino paipu e like me ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka papa no ka papa kiʻekiʻe aʻe.b No nā papa waena, ʻo ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka weld seam e like me ka waiwai i hoʻoholo ʻia no ke kino paipu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka footnote a).c ʻO ka elongation liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia,AʻO f, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakeneka a hoʻopōʻai ʻia i ka pakeneka kokoke loa, e like me ka hoʻoholo ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoohalike ma lalo nei:
ma hea C ʻo 1940 no nā helu ʻana e hoʻohana ana i nā anakahi SI a me 625,000 no nā helu ʻana e hoʻohana ana i nā anakahi USC; AʻO xc ka ʻāpana ʻāpana hoʻāʻo tensile e pili ana, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā millimeters huinahā (ʻīniha huinahā), penei: 1) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana keʻa poepoe, 130 mm2 (0.20 ʻīniha 2) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo anawaena 12.7 mm (0.500 ʻīniha) a me 8.9 mm (0.350 ʻīniha); 65 mm2 (0.10 ʻīniha 2) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo anawaena 6.4 mm (0.250 ʻīniha); 2) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana piha, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in.2) a me b) ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka paipu, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 10 mm2 kokoke loa (0.01 in.2); 3) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in.2) a me b) ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laulā i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka paipu, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 10 mm2 kokoke loa (0.01 in.2); U ʻo ia ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa i kuhikuhi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma megapascals (paona no ka ʻīniha kuea). | ||||
Ke anawaena o waho, ma waho o ke poepoe a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia
| Anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia D (in) | Ke anawaena o ke ahonui, ʻīniha d | Ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana ma waho o ka poepoe i loko | ||||
| Paipu koe wale nō ka hopena a | ʻO ka hopena paipu a,b,c | Paipu koe wale nō ka hopena a | Pauna Paipu a,b,c | |||
| Paipu SMLS | Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia | Paipu SMLS | Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia | |||
| < 2.375 | -0.031 a i + 0.016 | – 0.031 a i + 0.016 | 0.048 | 0.036 | ||
| ≥2.375 a i 6.625 | 0.020D no | 0.015D no | ||||
| +/- 0.0075D | – 0.016 a i + 0.063 | D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||
| Ma ka ʻaelike no | Ma ka ʻaelike no | |||||
| >6.625 a i 24.000 | +/- 0.0075D | +/- 0.0075D, akā ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa he 0.125 | +/- 0.005D, akā ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa he 0.063 | 0.020D | 0.015D | |
| >24 a 56 | +/- 0.01D | +/- 0.005D akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.160 | +/- 0.079 | +/- 0.063 | 0.015D no akā ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 0.060 | 0.01D no akā ʻoi aku ka nui o 0.500 |
| No | No | |||||
| D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||||
| Ma ka ʻaelike | Ma ka ʻaelike | |||||
| no | no | |||||
| D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||||
| >56 | E like me ka mea i ʻaelike ʻia | |||||
| a. Aia ka hopena o ka paipu i ka lōʻihi o 4 iniha ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka paipu. | ||||||
| b. No ka paipu SMLS, pili ke ahonui no t≤0.984in a ʻo nā ahonui no ka paipu mānoanoa e like me ka ʻaelike. | ||||||
| c. No ka paipu i hoʻonui ʻia me D≥8.625in a no ka paipu i hoʻonui ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke ahonui o ke anawaena a me ke ahonui o waho o ka poepoe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena o loko i helu ʻia a i ʻole ke anawaena o loko i ana ʻia ma mua o ka OD i kuhikuhi ʻia. | ||||||
| d. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlike i ke anawaena, ua wehewehe ʻia ke anawaena o ka paipu ʻo ia ke anapuni o ka paipu ma kekahi mokulele circumferential i puʻunaue ʻia e Pi. | ||||||
| Mānoanoa o ka paia | Nā hoʻomanawanui a |
| ʻīniha t | ʻīniha |
| Paipu SMLS b | |
| ≤ 0.157 | -1.2 |
| > 0.157 a i < 0.948 | + 0.150t / – 0.125t |
| ≥ 0.984 | + 0.146 a i ʻole + 0.1t, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa |
| – 0.120 a i ʻole – 0.1t, ʻo ia ka mea nui aʻe | |
| Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia c,d | |
| ≤ 0.197 | +/- 0.020 |
| > 0.197 a i < 0.591 | +/- 0.1t |
| ≥ 0.591 | +/- 0.060 |
| a. Inā kuhikuhi ke kauoha kūʻai i kahi ʻae ʻole no ka mānoanoa o ka paia i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka waiwai kūpono i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia papa, e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻae ʻole no ka mānoanoa o ka paia e kahi nui e lawa ai e mālama i ka laulā ʻae ʻole kūpono. | |
| b. No ka paipu me D≥ 14.000 ʻīniha a me t≥0.984 ʻīniha, hiki i ka ʻae ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma kahi kūloko ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ʻae ʻana no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma o 0.05t hou aku inā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ʻae ʻana no ka nuipa. | |
| c. ʻAʻole pili ka hoʻomanawanui hoʻohui no ka mānoanoa o ka paia i ka ʻāpana weld | |
| d. E nānā i ka kikoʻī piha o ka API5L no nā kikoʻī piha | |
Hoʻāʻo hydrostatic
ʻO ka paipu e kū i kahi hoʻāʻo hydrostatic me ka ʻole o ka liki ʻana ma o ka humuhumu weld a i ʻole ke kino paipu. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mea hui hydrostatic inā ua hoʻāʻo pono ʻia nā ʻāpana paipu i hoʻohana ʻia.
Hoʻāʻo kūlou
ʻAʻole e loaʻa nā māwae ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a ʻaʻole hoʻi e wehe ʻia ka wili i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Hoʻāʻo hoʻopālahalaha
ʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha penei:
- Nā paipu EW D<12.750 ʻīniha:
- X60 me T 500in. ʻAʻohe puka o ka wili ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ma mua o 66% o ke anawaena waho mua. No nā papa a me ka paia āpau, 50%.
- No ka paipu me ka D/t > 10, ʻaʻohe puka o ka wili ʻia ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ma mua o 30% o ke anawaena waho mua.
- No nā nui ʻē aʻe e nānā i ka ʻike pihaAPI 5Lkikoʻī.
Hoʻāʻo hopena CVN no PSL2
Pono ka nui o nā nui a me nā papa o nā paipu PSL2 i ka CVN. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paipu humuhumu ʻole i loko o ke kino. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke kino, ka paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela. E nānā i ka ʻike piha.API 5Lka kikoʻī no ka pakuhi o nā nui a me nā pae a me nā waiwai ikehu i hoʻopili ʻia e pono ai.
