Hana ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole me ke kila humuhumu ma ke ʻano he mea maka a hana ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka ʻōwili wela, ka ʻōwili anu a i ʻole ke kahakiʻi anu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā paipu kila kalapona maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano mechanical o nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole me ke kila, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala a me nā ʻano kino a me ke kemika kūikawā ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea humuhumu e like me ka chromium, molybdenum, nickel a me vanadium. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā ʻoihana e like me ka petroleum, ka ʻenekinia kemika, ka mana, nā paila, a me ka hana mīkini.
Nā hiʻohiʻona noi nui
1. ʻOihana petrochemical
ʻO nā paipu no nā ʻāpana haki petroleum: koi i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai anti-sulfur corrosion
Nā paipu no nā lako mea hoʻomomona: Pono e kūpaʻa i ka pala e ka ammonia, urea, a pēlā aku.
Nā paipu lako polyester: Pono i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē i ka palaho kemika
2. ʻOihana Mana
ʻO ka paipu no nā paila kikowaena mana: ʻO nā paipu paila kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu superheater, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e kūpaʻa i ka kolo ʻana o ka mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Nā paipu o ka hale hana mana nukelea: Pono nā waiwai kū'ē i ka radiation kūikawā
3. Hana Hana Mīkini
Paipu kia hydraulic: Nā koi kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe
Nā paipu hali: Pono ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke kaula hoʻoili kaʻa: Ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe
4. Lewa
Nā paipu ʻenekini: Nā paipu metala kū i ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka paipu ʻōnaehana hydraulic: Nā koi ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa
Nā kūlana mea maʻamau a me nā koi
1. Nā kūlana moʻo ASTM
ASTM A335Nā paipu kila humuhumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, kila hao ferritic
Nā helu kumu hoʻohālike: P5 Alloy Pipe, P9, P11, P22, P91, a pēlā aku.
Ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, waiwai antioxidant, hana kolo
Noi: Nā paila kikowaena mana, nā ʻāpana haki petroleum
ASTM A213: Nā paipu kila kila ʻole no nā paila, nā superheaters a me nā mea hoʻololi wela
ʻAno ʻōmole: T5, T9, T11, T22, T91, a pēlā aku.
Ka ikaika o ke ahonui wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka waiwai antioxidant
2. DIN/EN Maʻamau Series
DIN 17175/EN 10216-2: Nā Paipu Kila Hana ʻOle no nā Hana Mahana Kiʻekiʻe
Papa: 13CrMo4-5, 10CrMo9-10, X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91)
ʻO ka ikaika kolo wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana kuʻihao
3. GB Standard Series
GB 5310: Nā Paipu Kila Hana ʻOle no nā Boilers Kaomi Kiʻekiʻe
Papa:15CrMoG, 12Cr1MoVG, 10Cr9Mo1VNb, a pēlā aku.
Ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, waiwai antioxidant, hana hana
GB 9948: Nā Paipu Kila Hana ʻOle no ka Māwae ʻAila
Papa: 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, a pēlā aku.
Kūpaʻa i ka pala sulfur wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka pōʻino hydrogen
Ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, hana kuʻihao
Nā mea hoʻohuihui maʻamau a me kā lākou mau hana
Chromium (Cr): Hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa oxidation, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, a hoʻonui i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe
Molybdenum (Mo): Hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kolo
Nickel (Ni): Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
Vanadium (V): Hoʻemi i ka nui o ka palaoa, hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ke koʻikoʻi
Niobium (Nb): Hoʻonui i ke kū'ē'ē kolo a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai kuʻihao
Titanium (Ti): Nā carbides paʻa, e hoʻoikaika ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka corrosion intergranular

ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole, ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻo kā lākou hana a me ka maikaʻi e pili pono ana i ka hana palekana a me ke ola lawelawe o nā lako. ʻO ke koho pololei ʻana i nā kūlana mea a me nā kikoʻī, a me ka kaohi paʻa ʻana i nā kaʻina hana a me nā nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi, he mau hōʻoia koʻikoʻi no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana hilinaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pipeline.