GB/T 5310-ʻO 2017 ka kikoʻī loea no nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlana aupuni Kina. Pili ia i ka hana ʻana i nā paila mahu, nā paipu, a me nā lako ʻē aʻe e hana ana ma nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku.
Uhi kēia kūlana i nā ʻano kila hao like ʻole, ʻo 12CrMoG a me 15CrMoG ʻelua mau kila hao i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me nā noi ākea a me nā pono koʻikoʻi.
12CrMoGhe kila kila chromium-molybdenum me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation. He kūpono ia no nā superheaters paila, nā reheaters, nā paipu mahu, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e hana ana ma nā mahana ma lalo o 540°C. ʻO kona mau pono e komo pū me ka ikaika kolo kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika hoʻomanawanui, a me ka hiki ke mālama i nā waiwai mechanical paʻa ma lalo o nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ka weldability maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hana ʻia, e maʻalahi ai ka hana ʻana a me ke kau ʻana.

15CrMoGʻo ia kekahi kila chromium-molybdenum me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o 12CrMoG. He kūpono ia no nā ʻāpana paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hana ana ma nā mahana ma lalo o 550°C. Hāʻawi kēia mea i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka oxidation, e kūpono loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā poʻomanaʻo paila a me nā paipu mahu nui. Hoʻohanohano pū ʻo 15CrMoG i ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka hydrogen corrosion, e pale pono ana i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka mea i nā wahi hydrogen wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā lako.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau kila hao ʻelua i nā lako hana wela kiʻekiʻe, kaomi kiʻekiʻe i ka mana, petrochemical, a me nā ʻoihana kemika. Hōʻike nui ʻia ko lākou mau pono i nā ʻano aʻe: ʻO ka mua, hōʻike lākou i nā waiwai mīkini wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa, e hiki ai iā lākou ke kū i nā kūlana hana wela kiʻekiʻe lōʻihi; ʻo ka lua, hōʻike lākou i ke kūpaʻa microstructural maikaʻi loa, e hoʻemi ana iā lākou i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hale i ka wā lawelawe lōʻihi; ʻo ke kolu, hōʻike lākou i ka weldability maikaʻi loa a me ka hiki ke hana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana; a ʻo ka hope loa, hoʻomaikaʻi nui kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi o nā lako, hoʻemi i ka downtime a me ka mālama ʻana, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai hana.

Loaʻa pū kekahi mau kila metala hana kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā ʻano mahana like ʻole, ke kaomi, a me nā ʻano ʻino.

20G(Kila Kalapona)
ʻOiai ʻaʻole he kila huila ka 20G, he mea nui ia i helu ʻia ma GB/T 5310-2017 ma ke ʻano he kila kūkulu kalapona kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana paila haʻahaʻa e like me nā economizers a me nā superheaters haʻahaʻa. ʻO kona mau pono e komo pū me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai mīkini a me ka hoʻopili maikaʻi loa. He kūpono ia no nā paipu paila waena a me ke kaomi haʻahaʻa me nā mahana hana ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 450°C.
12Cr1MoVG
He kila kila chromium-molybdenum-vanadium ka 12Cr1MoVG me ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 12CrMoG a me 15CrMoG. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka vanadium i ka ikaika kolo o ka mea a me ka ikaika hoʻomanawanui, e hiki ai iā ia ke mālama i ka hana paʻa i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe no ka wā lōʻihi. He kūpono ka 12Cr1MoVG no nā superheaters paila kiʻekiʻe, nā reheaters, a me nā paipu mahu nui me nā mahana hana ma lalo o 570°C.
25MnG(Kila hao haʻahaʻa Manganese)
He kila haʻahaʻa-alloy ka 25MnG me ka nui o ka manganese, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 20G. Hoʻohanohano ia i ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika tensile me ka mālama ʻana i ka weldability maikaʻi. He kūpono ka 25MnG no nā ʻāpana paila me nā mahana hana kiʻekiʻe iki, e like me nā paipu superheater a me nā paipu mahu i nā paila medium-pressure. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka mahana hana ma mua o 480°C. No nā ʻāpana paila me nā koi mahana haʻahaʻa, makemake ʻia ke kila kalapona 20G ma muli o kāna hana hoʻokele waiwai. Ke hoʻokokoke aku ka mahana i 450°C, he koho ka 25MnG. No nā mahana ma waena o 450-500°C, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 15MoG. No nā mahana ma waena o 500-530°C, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka 20MoG. Hiki i kēia mau papa non-alloy a me nā papa haʻahaʻa-alloy, i hui pū ʻia me ke kila kiʻekiʻe-alloy, ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kumukūʻai hana paila me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana.