— Sanonpipe, Koj Tus Neeg Muab Khoom Uas Ntseeg Siab ntawm Cov Hlab Seamless rau Boilers thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hloov Kub

I. Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Lub Txheej Txheem Txheem

Hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom siv pauv cua sov xws li boilers, cov khoom pauv cua sov, thiab condensers, ASTM tus qauv system tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tias yog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Ntawm lawv,ASTM A179, A192, thiab A210yog peb tus qauv khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov kav hlau tsis muaj qhov, uas suav nrog cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab rau ntau yam kev ntsuas siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias.

Tag nrho peb tus qauv poob rau hauv qab kev txiav txim siab ntawm ASTM Committee A01 thiab siv los ua piv txwvASTM A450/A450Mua tus qauv kev cai lij choj, tsim kom muaj ob theem: "Tus Qauv Yuav Tsum Tau Ua Dav Dav + Tus Qauv Tshwj Xeeb Khoom". Tshooj 9 ntawm A450/A450M ("Kev Hloov Pauv Uas Tso Cai Hauv Phab Ntsa") thiab nws cov Lus Qhia 2 yog tib lub hauv paus kev cai lij choj rau kev txiav txim siab qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa rau cov raj raws li peb tus qauv no. Kev nkag siab txog lawv qhov sib txawv thiab kev sib raug zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv kom raug, kev hais lus kom raug, thiab kev zam cov teeb meem zoo.

II. Kev Sib Piv Qhov Chaw Tseem Ceeb ntawm Peb Tus Qauv

Aspect	ASTM A179	ASTM A192	ASTM A210
Lub Npe Tag Nrho	Cov Yeeb Nkab Kub thiab Cov Khoom Siv Condenser Uas Tsis Muaj Qhov Txuas Txias Uas Tsis Muaj Qhov Txuas	Cov Hlau Carbon Seamless Boiler Tubes rau Kev Pabcuam Siab	Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler thiab Superheater Tubes
Daim Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb	Cov khoom hloov cua sov, cov condenser, thiab cov khoom siv hloov cua sov zoo sib xws	Cov raj xa dej kub siab thiab cov raj xa dej kub heev	Cov raj boiler, cov raj flue, cov raj arch, thiab cov raj superheater
Hom Khoom Siv	Cov hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau(kos txias)	Cov hlau carbon(tsis muaj qhov sib txuas)	Cov hlau carbon nruab nrab(tsis muaj qhov sib txuas)
Kev Ntsuas Siab	Siab qis / nruab nrab	Siab siab	Nruab nrab / siab siab
Kub thiab txias	≤ 450 ° C	Kev pabcuam siab, kub siab	Kub nruab nrab mus rau siab (suav nrog cov superheaters)
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom	Tsuas yog rub tawm txias xwb	Seamless (kub-tiav los yog txias-kos)	Seamless (kub-tiav los yog txias-kos)
Cov Qib Muaj	A179	A192	Qib A-1, Qib C
Qhov Loj Ntau (OD)	3.2 – 76.2 hli	12.7 – 177.8 hli	12.7 – 127 hli

III. Kev Sib Piv Txog Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem

Khoom	ASTM A179	ASTM A192	ASTM A210 Qib A-1	ASTM A210 Qib C
C (%)	0.06 – 0.18	0.06 – 0.18	≤ 0.27	≤ 0.35
Mn (%)	0.27 – 0.63	0.27 – 0.63	≤ 0.93	0.29 – 1.06
Si (%)	—	—	≥ 0.10	≥ 0.10
P (%)	≤ 0.035	≤ 0.025	≤ 0.035	≤ 0.035
S (%)	≤ 0.035	≤ 0.025	≤ 0.035	≤ 0.035

Piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb:

Cov ntsiab lus carbon– A179 thiab A192 yog ob qho tib si cov hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau (0.06-0.18%), muab kev vuam zoo heev; A210 yog cov hlau uas muaj carbon nruab nrab (Qib C txog li 0.35%), muab lub zog siab dua tab sis kev vuam qis dua.

Cov ntsiab lus silicon- A210 xav tau silicon (≥0.10%) los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab lub zog kub siab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev pabcuam superheater.

Kev Huv Si- A192 muaj kev txwv nruj dua rau phosphorus thiab sulfur (≤0.025%) piv rau A179 (≤0.035%), ua kom zoo dua rau cov ntawv thov siab.

IV. Kev Sib Piv Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab

Vaj tse	ASTM A179	ASTM A192	ASTM A210 Qib A-1	ASTM A210 Qib C
Lub zog Tensile (MPa)	≥ 325	≥ 325	≥ 415	≥ 485
Lub Zog Tawm (MPa)	≥ 180	≥ 180	≥ 255	≥ 275
Kev ntev (%)	≥ 35	≥ 35	—	—
Qhov nyuaj (HRB)	—	≤ 77	≤ 79	≤ 89

Piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb:

Cov theem zog- A179 thiab A192 muaj lub zog sib piv (tensile ≥325 MPa); A210 Qib A-1 muab txog li 28% lub zog siab dua (≥415 MPa), thaum Qib C ncav cuag ≥485 MPa.

Kev tswj qhov nyuaj- Qhov nyuaj nce nrog qib zog: A192 ≤77 HRB, A210 Qib A-1 ≤79 HRB, Qib C ≤89 HRB.

Kev xaiv logic- Qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm siab dua xav tau cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog dua.

V. Kev Sib Piv ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam Sab Nraud

Tag nrho peb tus qauv txais yuav ib qho kev ua haujlwm OD kam rau siab, ua raws li ASTM A450/A450M.

5.1 Cov Raj Uas Tau Kos / Tiav Lawm (Siv Tau Rau A179, A192, thiab A210)

OD Ntau Yam (hli)	Kev kam rau siab OD (hli)	Cov Qauv Siv Tau
≤ 25.4	±0.10	A179 / A192 / A210
25.4 – 38.1	±0.15	A179 / A192 / A210
38.1 – 50.8	±0.20	A179 / A192 / A210
50.8 – 63.5	±0.25	A179 / A192 / A210
63.5 – 76.2	±0.30	A179 / A192 / A210
76.2 – 101.6	±0.38	A179 / A192 / A210
101.6 – 190.5	+0.38 / -0.64	A179 / A192 / A210
190.5 – 228.6	+0.38 / -1.14	A179 / A192 / A210

Lus Cim:Rau cov raj xa dej txias uas tsis muaj qhov sib txuas, qhov kam rau siab tshaj plaws (± 0.10 hli) siv rau OD ≤25.4 hli, nrog rau qhov kam rau siab maj mam so thaum OD nce. Saum toj no 101.6 hli, qhov kam rau siab dhau los ua ib sab zoo (tsuas yog tso cai loj dhau, nrog rau qhov txwv qis dua).

5.2 Cov Raj Kub Tiav (Siv Tau Rau A192 thiab A210)

OD Ntau Yam (hli)	Kev kam rau siab OD (hli)
≤ 101.6	+0.4 / -0.8
> 101.6 – 168.3	+0.4 / -1.2

Lus Cim:Cov raj kub ua tiav lawm muaj qhov kam rau OD xoob dua li cov raj txias rub, nrog rau qhov faib tawm "zoo-loj dua, tsis zoo-me dua". A179 yuam kom tsim khoom txias rub, yog li nws tsis suav nrog qhov kam rau OD kub ua tiav lawm.

VI. Kev Sib Piv ntawm Kev Sib Thooj ntawm Phab Ntsa

6.1 Cov Hlab Kub Txias / Cov Hlab Kub Txias (Core rau A179, kuj siv tau rau A192 / A210)

ASTM A179 qhia meej tias yuav tsum tau siv cov kav hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau thiab txias txias, thiab nws lub kaw lus ua kom tuab ntawm phab ntsa yog raws li nram no:

OD Ntau Yam (hli)	Kev kam rau siab ntawm phab ntsa
≤ 38.1	+20% / -0%
> 38.1	+22% / -0%

Lus Cim:Cov raj xa dej txias muaj ibkev kam rau siab ib sab- qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa raug tso cai kom tuab dua, tab sis yeej tsis txhob nyias dua. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev pabcuam siab. Txhua qhov ntsuas yuav tsum poob ntawm qhov tuab nominal thiab 120% ntawm nominal;kev hloov pauv tsis zoo raug txwv tsis pub ua.

6.2 Cov Yeeb Nkab Uas Kub Tiav Lawm Phab Ntsa Thickness Tolerances (A192 / A210)

Cov raj xa dej kub ua tiav raws li A450 / A450M:

Phab Ntsa Thickness Ntau (hli)	Kev kam rau siab ntawm phab ntsa
≤ 2.4	+40% / -0%
2.4 – 3.8	+35% / -0%
3.8 – 4.6	+33% / -0%
> 4.6	+28% / -0%

Lus Cim:Cov raj kub-tiav kuj siv cov kev kam rau siab ib sab (tsuas yog tuab dua), tab sis cov kev txwv sab saud siab dua li cov rau cov raj txias-kos. Rau cov phab ntsa tuab (> 4.6 hli), kub-tiav tso cai + 28% / - 0%, thaum txias-kos tso cai tsuas yog + 20 ~ 22% / - 0%.Kev kos duab txias muab kev tswj hwm qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa zoo dua.

6.3 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Phab Ntsa Thickness Rau Tag Nrho Peb Tus Qauv

Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom	OD Ntau Yam	Kev kam rau siab ntawm phab ntsa
Txias-kos (A179 / A192 / A210)	≤ 38.1 hli	+20% / -0%
Txias-kos (A179 / A192 / A210)	> 38.1 hli	+22% / -0%
Kub-ua tiav (A192/A210)	Txhua qhov tuab	+28~40% / -0%

VII. Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Ntsuas

7.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom

ASTM A179- Yuav tsum tau ua kom meej meejtxias-koskev tsim khoom, ua raws li kev kho cua sov ntawm qhov kub tsis qis dua 650 ° C tom qab qhov kawg txias-duab dhau.

ASTM A192- Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag; tej zaum yuav raug cim tias kub-ua tiav lossis txias-kos.

ASTM A210– Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj qhov tsis sib xws; tej zaum yuav raug cim tias kub-ua tiav lossis txias-kos; cov khoom siv yuav tsum yogtua hlau.

7.2 Cov Kev Cai rau Kev Ntsuas

Tag nrho peb tus qauv yuav tsum muaj cov kev xeem hauv qab no:

Kev Ntsuas Kom Sib Nqus

Kev Ntsuas Kub

Kev Ntsuas Qhov Nyuaj

Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic lossis Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Ua Rau puas tsuaj

Ntxiv rau, cov raj superheater hauv qab A210 yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua haujlwm xws liflaring, beading, forging, welding, thiab bending.

VIII. Tsob Ntoo Txiav Txim Siab Xaiv Khoom Siv