—— Sanonpipe, Tō Kaiwhakarato Pono mō ngā Ngongo Paipa Kore-Tuitui me te Paipa Mahana-Teitei

I. Whakataki Paerewa – Te Kōhatu Matua o ngā Ngongo Rino Ātete-wera Ahumahi Tiamana

DIN 17175ko te paerewa ahumahi Tiamana mōngā ngongo tuitui i hangaia ki ngā maitai ātete wera, ko te taitara ko Ngā ngongo tuimotu o ngā maitai ātete-wera. E pā ana ki ngā ngongo tuimotu – tae atu ki ngā ngongo mō ngā pane – e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga o ngā poiha, ngā paipa, ngā oko pēhanga me ngā taputapu mō te mahi tae atu ki600°Cme ngā pēhanga teitei i te wā kotahi.

Ko te whakamāramatanga: "Ko ngā maitai he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini ahakoa i raro i te taumahatanga roa i ngā pāmahana teitei, tae atu ki te 600 °C, me kī he ātete ki te wera i ngā pāmahana teitei." Me tukuna ngā ngongo me te whakamahana tika puta noa i tō rātou roanga katoa.

Ka hipokina e te paerewa te whānuitanga katoa o9 ngā momo maitai, mai ingā maitai ātete wera waromengā maitai ātete wera iti-koranu to ngā maitai ātete wera martensitic. He maha ngā tau o te whakamahinga o te DIN 17175 i roto i te hanga o ngā ipu me ngā kohua pēhanga i Tiamana me Ūropi, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana tēnei whakaritenga mō ngā maitai paipa pāmahana-tiketike me te pēhanga-tiketike.

Tuhipoka nui:Kua whakakapia te DIN 17175 e te paerewa whakakotahi a ŪropiEN 10216-2(Ngā ngongo maitai kore-whakauru mō ngā take pēhanga – Ngā tikanga tuku hangarau – Wāhanga 2: Ngā ngongo maitai kore-konumohe me te konumohe me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei kua tohua). Heoi, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonu ngā tohu tohu DIN 17175 puta noa i te ao, ā, he maha ngā whare hanga o nāianei, ngā hoahoa tawhito me ngā whakaritenga hangarau e whakahua tonu ana i aua tohu. Ka taea e Sanonpipe te tuku hua e ai kiDIN 17175 ranei EN 10216-2, e ai ki te hiahia o te kiritaki.

II. Ngā Mara Whakamahinga – Te Kōwhiringa Rauemi Matua mō ngā Ahumahi Pūwero, Hiko me te Matū Kete

Ko ngā ngongo tui DIN 17175 e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei e whai ake nei:

Rohe tono	Ngā Whakamahinga Motuhake	Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere
Te hanganga o te pūwero	Ngā mata whakamahana, ngā ngongo pakitara-wai, ngā ngongo penapena o ngā kohua pēhanga teitei	Tae atu ki te 600 °C, te mamaoa pēhanga teitei
Ngā paipa mamaoa	Ngā raina mamaoa matua, ngā raina whakamahana anō, ngā pane	Te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei, te ratonga roa
Ngā oko pēhanga	Ngā oko me ngā taputapu pēhanga pāmahana teitei	Pēhanga + pāmahana teitei
Te whakaputa hiko	Ngā ngongo hiko wera me ngā tipu karihi	Ngā wāhanga ratonga matua
Ahumahi matū hinu	Ngā paipa tukatuka pāmahana-tiketike, ngā whakawhiti wera	Te pāmahana teitei + te pāpāho waikura

E ai ki te Wāhanga 4 o te paerewa, ko te whiriwhiri i te kounga maitai kei te whakaaro o te kiritaki. Ka taea e Sanonpipe te whakarato tohutohu whiriwhiri rauemi ngaio i runga i ngā tawhā whakahaere motuhake a te kiritaki.

III. Ngā Tohu Rauemi – Te Kapinga Katoa o ngā Rino e Iwa

Ngā taupoki DIN 171759 ngā momo maitai, mai i ngā maitai waro ki ngā maitai whakarewa, mai i ngā maitai ātete wera noa ki ngā maitai ātete wera martensitic:

Te Kaupae Rino	Nama Rauemi	Momo	Ngā Āhuatanga Matua
St35.8	1.0305	Ātete wera waro	Te taumata taketake mō ngā ngongo poihau whānui
St45.8	1.0405	Ātete wera waro	He mea whakamahi whānuitia, he kaha ake i te St35.8
17 Mn 4	1.0481	Ātete wera iti-konumohe	Whakakahangia-Mn, kaha ake
19 Mn 5	1.0482	Ātete wera iti-konumohe	Whakakahangia te Mn, he kaha ake anō hoki
15 Marama 3	1.5415	Molybdenum ātete wera	Kei roto te Mo, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga ngokingoki
13 CrMo 4 4	1.7335	Ātete wera Cr-Mo	He maitai ngongo poihau noa, he ātete wera pai rawa atu
10 CrMo 9 10	1.7380	Ātete wera Cr-Mo	He nui ake te ihirangi Cr-Mo, he pai mō ngā pāmahana teitei ake
14 MoV 6 3	1.7715	Ātete wera Mo-V	Kei roto te Mo me te V, he pai ake te mahi pāmahana teitei
X20 CrMoV 12 1	1.4922	Ātete wera martensitic	Te nui o te koranu, te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi 650 °C

IV. Whakaahuatanga Taipitopito o ngā Tohu Rino Matua

4.1 St45.8 (Tau Rauemi 1.0405) – Te Rino Ātete-wera Waro Tino Whānui te Whakamahinga

Ko te St45.8 te maitai ātete wera waro e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te DIN 17175. Ko te "St" he tohu mō Stahl (maitai), ā, ko te "45" e tohu ana i te taumata kaha kume o te 450 MPa.

Te Hanganga Matū (%):

Huānga	Ihirangi St45.8	Ngā Kōrero
C	≤ 0.21	Ka whakarite i te taurite o te kaha me te pakari
Si	0.10 – 0.35	Whakapai ake i te ātete waikura me te wera
Mn	0.40 – 0.80	Ka whakanui ake i te kaha me te mārō
P	≤ 0.020	He tino whakahaeretia kia mau tonu ai te pakari i te pāmahana tiketike
S	≤ 0.020	He tino whakahaeretia kia pai ai te mahi wera

Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa:

Taonga	Uara
Kaha kume (σb)	410 – 530 MPa
Te kaha o te hua (σs)	≥255 MPa
Te whakaroa (δ5)	≥ 21%

Te pāmahana ratonga e taunakitia ana:≤ 500 °C (tērā pea ka memeha ngā maitai waro ina whakamahia i runga ake i te 450 °C mō ngā wā roa)

Ngā Tohu Taurite o te Ao:

Paerewa	Taumata ōrite
Haina (GB)	20G(GB 5310)
USA (ASTM)	A106 Tau B
Hapani (JIS)	STB42
Ūropi (EN)	P235GH(EN 10216-2)

4.2 Raupapa Rino Ātete-wera Koranu (15Mo3 / 13CrMo44 / 10CrMo910)

Te Kaupae Rino	Nama Rauemi	Ngā Huānga Whakakotahi Matua	Te pāmahana ratonga	Te Whakamahinga Noa
15Mo3	1.5415	Mo	≤ 550 °C	Ngā whakamahana nui o te kōhua, ngā whakamahana anō
13CrMo44	1.7335	Cr-Mo	≤ 580 °C	Ngā ngongo poihau pēhanga teitei, ngā raina mamaoa
10CrMo910	1.7380	Cr-Mo	≤ 600 °C	Ngā paipa mamaoa pāmahana teitei, pēhanga teitei

4.3 X20CrMoV121 (Tau Rauemi 1.4922) – Te Paerewa Mahana Teitei Rawa

Ko X20CrMoV121 tete pāmahana tino pai rawa atu me te pāmahana ratonga tino pai rawa atumaitai i roto i te DIN 17175. Ngā āhuatanga matua:

Te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi: 650°C

Momo rauemi:Rino ātete wera martensitic

Ngā āhuatanga matua:He nui te ihirangi koranu e whakarato ana i te kaha ngoki me te ātete ki te waikura mamaoa

Āheinga whakarewa:Me whai tikanga motuhake (whakamahana i mua + maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewa)

Ngā tono noa:Ngā waeine pāmahana teitei/pēhanga teitei i roto i ngā tipu hiko wera kawemai – ngā paipa mamaoa matua, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakamahana anō, me ētahi atu wāhanga nui

V. Ngā Tohu Kounga – Tohu I me Tohu III

E whakamārama ana te DIN 17175e rua ngā kounga: Taumata TuatahimeTaumata III.

Tau Kounga	Ngā Tikanga e Pā Ana	Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau	Ngā tono noa
Taumata Tuatahi	Te pāmahana ≤ 450 °C, te pēhanga ≤ 80 pae	Whakamātautau taketake	Ngā poiha pēhanga iti ki te waenga
Taumata III	Te pāmahana > 450 °C, te pēhanga rānei > 80 pae	Whakamātautau pakari ake(100% NDT, he maha ake ngā whakamātautau mowhiti)	Ngā poiha pēhanga teitei, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakamahana anō

Mō ngā ngongo maitai waro (St35.8, St45.8), ka taea te whakamahi i te Wāhanga I me te Wāhanga III; mō ngā ngongo maitai koranu,Taumata III anakee tika ana.

VI. Ngā Whakaritenga Tukanga Hanga me te Whakamātautau

6.1 Tukanga Hanga

E ai ki te Wāhanga 6.1.1, ka taea te hanga ngongo māhurihuri wera, hurihuri makariri rānei, pēhi wera, tātuhi wera, tātuhi makariri rāneiKo te tukanga motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rahi me te tono e hiahiatia ana.

6.2 Te Maimoatanga Wera

Me tuku ngā ngongo kua whakamahanatia kia tika mō te roa katoa. I runga i te momo maitai, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakamahana e whai ake nei:

Te Whakaōrite(mō ngā maitai waro St35.8, St45.8)

Te whakamahana i raro i te arohaehae

Te whakapakeke me te whakamahana(mō ngā maitai whakarewa)

Mō te 13CrMo44 me te 10CrMo910, he pai pea te whakamahana anake i raro i ētahi āhuatanga. Ngā maitai 14MoV63 me te X20CrMoV121meme tuku mai i roto i te āhua whakapakeke, kua whakamaroketia hoki.

6.3 Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (NDT)

MōNgā ngongo Tau III, e hiahiatia ana e te paerewa:

100% NDT(whakamātautau ultrasonic) mō ngā hapa roa

Tērā pea ka whakaaetia ētahi atu whakamātautau mō ngā hapa whakawhiti me/ngā whakapiringa rānei.

6.4 Ngā Whakamātautau Mowhiti

Ka whakamatautauria ngā ngongo taumata III ki ngā mowhiti, tae atu ki:

Whakamātautau whakatārewatanga mowhiti

Whakamātautau whakawhanui mowhiti

Whakamātautau kume mowhiti

Mō ngā ngongo Taumata III me te diameter o waho ≤ 51 mm,20%o ngā roa kua hurihia ka whakamatautauria; mō ērā > 51 mm,ngā pito e rua o ia roa kua hurihiakua whakamatautauria ki te mowhiti.

VII. Ngā Paerewa Taurite o te Ao

He maha ngā paerewa ōrite, ngā paerewa whakawhiti rānei o te DIN 17175 puta noa i te ao:

Pūnaha Paerewa	Paerewa e rite ana	Ngā Kōrero
Ūropi (EN)	EN 10216-2	Whakakapinga tika (ngā ngongo tuitui pāmahana teitei)
USA (ASTM)	ASTM A106 / A213 / A335	Ngā ngongo tuitui pāmahana teitei
Haina (GB)	GB 5310(ngā ngongo poihau pēhanga teitei)	Paerewa ngongo poihau motuhake
Haina (GB)	GB 3087 (ngā ngongo poiha pēhanga iti/waenga)	Ngā ngongo poiha pēhanga iti/waenga
UK (BS)	BS 3059 / BS 3602	Ngā paerewa ngongo kōhua
Wīwī (NF)	NF A 49-213	Ngā ngongo tuitui pāmahana teitei

VIII. Tohutoro Tere – Ngā Taurite o te Ao mō ngā Taumata Matua o te DIN 17175

DIN 17175 Tau	Nama Rauemi	Haina GB	ASTM o Amerika	Ūropi EN
St35.8	1.0305	20G (tata ki te)	A106 Tau A	P235GH
St45.8	1.0405	20G	A106 Tau B	P235GH
17Mn4	1.0481	Q345	—	—
19Mn5	1.0482	Q390	—	—
15Mo3	1.5415	15MoG	A209 T1a	—
13CrMo44	1.7335	15CrMoG	A213 T12	13CrMo4-5
10CrMo910	1.7380	12Cr2MoG	A213 T22	10CrMo9-10
14MoV63	1.7715	—	—	—
X20CrMoV121	1.4922	—	—	—

IX. He aha koe i whiriwhiri ai i a Sanonpipe?

Ā Mātou Painga	Whakaahuatanga Taipitopito
Tohungatanga paerewa	Te māramatanga hōhonu ki te DIN 17175 me te EN 10216-2 – ka whakamāramahia e mātou, ka whakamahia hoki ia whakaritenga me te tika.
Te whakapūmautanga rauemi	Te kapinga katoa mai i St35.8 ki X20CrMoV121; ngā tiwhikete rauemi katoa (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 e wātea ana)
Ngā rahi whānui	Awhe tuku: OD 10–426 mm, WT 1–40 mm – e kapi ana i ngā whakaritenga āhua katoa o te DIN 17175
Taurangi kounga	Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te Wāhanga I me te Wāhanga III – 100% NDT mō ngā ngongo Wāhanga III
Tukunga tere	20,000 tāne o ngā taonga auau; ka tukuna ngā ota tere i roto i ngā rā 7–15
Tautoko ratonga-katoa	Mai i te uiui me te whakamārama hangarau, ki te whakahua, te tuhi tuhinga me te whakahaere ratonga – tuku kotahi-mutu
Te whakapau kaha kore-mōrearea	Neke atu i te 240 ngā pūwāhi tirotiro kounga ā-roto; kāore he rerekētanga o ngā tuhinga
Tautoko ture CBAM	Āwhina ki te whakarite i ngā raraunga tapuwae waro hua kia maeneene ai te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro o te EU

X. Whakapā mai

E whakapau kaha ana a Sanonpipe ki te whakarato i ngā ngongo kore hononga kounga teitei ki ngā kiritaki o te ao e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga DIN 17175. Ahakoa he ngongo poiha, he ngongo whakamahana nui, he paipa mamaoa, he ngongo ipu pēhanga rānei e hiahiatia ana e koe, ka tukuna e mātou he tautoko hangarau ngaio me ngā otinga tuku ngāwari.

Tauira tono noa:

Ngongo Rino Kore Tuitui 51 × 3.0 DIN 17175 – St45.8 III

Te Kamupene Sanonpipe o Tianjin
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