I. Kuyerekeza Makhalidwe ndi Ubwino wa Miyezo Itatu ya Mapaipi a Chitsulo Chosasokonekera

API 5LChitoliro cha mzere chapangidwa makamaka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula mafuta ndi gasi lachilengedwe. Chimapezeka m'magawo awiri, PSL1 ndi PSL2, ndipo chimaphatikizapo magiredi angapo achitsulo okhala ndi zofunikira zolimba pakukhudza komanso zofunikira pakuyesa kosawononga. Ubwino wake ndi monga kulimba kwabwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera mayendedwe othamanga kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino ndi makampani opanga mafuta padziko lonse lapansi.

ASTM A53ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimapezeka m'magulu awiri, A ndi B. Chili ndi zofunikira zochepa pakupanga mankhwala komanso zofunikira pakupanga makina. Ubwino wake ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, kusinthasintha bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zambiri pamsika.

ASTM A106Yapangidwa makamaka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndipo imapezeka m'magawo atatu, A, B, ndi C. Ili ndi mpweya wambiri wa kaboni, imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, komanso imakana kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera malo otentha kwambiri monga ma boiler amagetsi. Imaperekanso mphamvu zambiri kuposa A53.

II. Kusanthula Mozama kwa Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito

API 5L imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapaipi otumizira mafuta ndi gasi lachilengedwe, mapaipi osonkhanitsira, ndi maukonde a thunthu la gasi mumzinda. Ndi yoyenera malo okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha kochepa, komanso kuwononga, koma si yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe onse. ASTM A53 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe osafunikira kwambiri pa kutentha kwabwinobwino komanso kupsinjika kochepa, monga nyumba zomangira, kupanga makina, kunyamula madzi otsika, komanso kuthirira ulimi. Sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimafuna kutentha kwambiri, kupsinjika kwakukulu, kapena kutentha kochepa. ASTM A106 ndi yoyenera malo okhala ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, kupsinjika kwakukulu, monga ma boiler amagetsi, ma superheater, ma heat exchanger, ndi mapaipi otentha kwambiri. Sikoyenera malo okhala ndi kutentha kochepa kapena zinthu zowononga kwambiri.

III. Kusanthula Msika Wapadziko Lonse

Zochitika zotumiza zinthu kuchokera kumayiko ena kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2023 zikuwonetsa kukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 4.2% mu malonda ochokera ku API 5L, kuchepa kwa 3.8% mu malonda ochokera ku A53, ndi malonda okhazikika a A106. Chiŵerengero cha malonda ochokera ku zitsulo zapamwamba chawonjezeka kufika pa 35%.

IV. Ubwino Wopikisana wa Kutumiza Mapaipi Achitsulo ku China

Kutumiza mapaipi achitsulo ku China kuli ndi ubwino pa unyolo wonse wa mafakitale. Monga maziko akuluakulu opanga zitsulo padziko lonse lapansi, China ili ndi unyolo wokwanira woperekera zinthu zopangira komanso unyolo wathunthu wa mafakitale kuyambira kupanga zitsulo mpaka kukonza zinthu mozama. Ponena za mphamvu zopangira ndi ukadaulo, China ili ndi mphamvu yopangira mapaipi yosasunthika yoposa matani 20 miliyoni pachaka. Kampaniyo ili ndi ukadaulo wopanga zitsulo zapamwamba monga X80/X90, ndipo ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse cha ma payipi apamwamba opitilira. Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zomwe zili ku Europe ndi United States, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo ukhale wabwino ndi 15-20% kuchokera ku chuma chambiri, ndipo nthawi yotumizira zinthu ndi 30% mwachangu kuposa avareji yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Msika wa mapaipi achitsulo ku China uli ndi pafupifupi 45% ya malonda apadziko lonse a mapaipi osasokonekera, ndipo gawo la msika wopitilira 60% ku Middle East ndi 70% ya misika yapakatikati ndi yotsika ku Southeast Asia. API 5L ili ndi 55% ya zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, pomwe A53/A106 ili ndi pafupifupi 30%, ndipo chiwerengero cha zinthu zamtengo wapatali chimawonjezeka chaka chilichonse.

V. Uphungu wa Akatswiri

Ponena za njira zogulira zinthu, mapulojekiti a mafuta ndi gasi amayang'ana kwambiriAPI 5L PSL2zinthu. Pa ntchito zonse za kapangidwe kake, A53 imapereka chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito, pomwe A106 Giredi B kapena kupitirira apo ndi yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zotentha kwambiri. Mukasankha wogulitsa, onetsetsani ziphaso zovomerezeka, fufuzani mphamvu zenizeni zowongolera kupanga, fufuzani momwe polojekiti ikuyendera, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri luso la kuyesa NDT la fakitale. Mukagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa aku China, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha makampani otsogola omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chotumiza kunja, fotokozani zofunikira zaukadaulo, phatikizani kufunika kwa makonzedwe owunikira a chipani chachitatu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo losinthasintha losintha kupanga.