—— Sanonpipe, Wogulitsa Wanu Wodalirika wa Ma Boiler ndi Mapaipi Otentha Kwambiri, Machubu Opanda Msoko

I. Chiyambi Chachizolowezi - Mwala Wapangodya wa Machubu a Chitsulo Osatentha ndi Kutentha a Mafakitale aku Germany

DIN 17175ndiye muyezo wa mafakitale aku Germany wamachubu opanda msoko opangidwa ndi zitsulo zosatentha, yotchedwa machubu opanda msoko a zitsulo zosatentha. Imagwira ntchito pa machubu opanda msoko - kuphatikizapo machubu a mitu - omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma boiler, mapaipi, zombo zopanikizika ndi zida zogwirira ntchito mpaka600 °Cndi kupsinjika kwakukulu nthawi imodzi.

Mwa tanthauzo lake: "Zitsulo zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakanika ngakhale zitagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri, mpaka 600 °C, ziyenera kuonedwa kuti sizitentha kutentha kutentha kwambiri." Machubu ayenera kuperekedwa bwino ndi kutentha kwa utali wawo wonse.

Muyezowu umaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yaMagiredi 9 achitsulokuyambirazitsulo zosagwira kutentha kwa kabonindizitsulo zosagwira kutentha zomwe sizimatenthedwa ndi aloyi to zitsulo zosagwira kutentha za martensiticNdi zaka zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma boiler ndi zombo zopanikizika ku Germany ndi Europe, DIN 17175 ikadali njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo za mapaipi otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri.

Chidziwitso chofunikira:DIN 17175 yalowedwa m'malo ndi muyezo wogwirizana wa ku UlayaEN 10216-2(Machubu achitsulo opanda msoko pazifukwa zopanikizika - Mikhalidwe yotumizira yaukadaulo - Gawo 2: Machubu achitsulo osagwiritsa ntchito alloy ndi alloy okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kutentha kokwera). Komabe, mayina a DIN 17175 amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zomera zambiri zomwe zilipo, mapangidwe akale ndi mafotokozedwe aukadaulo akupitilizabe kuwatchula. Sanonpipe ikhoza kupereka zinthu malinga ndimwina DIN 17175 kapena EN 10216-2, monga momwe kasitomala akufunira.

II. Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito - Kusankha Zinthu Zazikulu Zamakampani Opangira Boiler, Power ndi Petrochemical

Machubu opanda msoko a DIN 17175 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ntchito zotsatirazi zotentha kwambiri komanso zopanikizika kwambiri:

Malo Ofunsira	Ntchito Zapadera	Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito
Kapangidwe ka boiler	Malo otenthetsera, machubu okhala ngati khoma la madzi, machubu osungira zinthu a ma boiler okhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu	Kufikira 600 °C, nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri
Mapaipi a nthunzi	Mizere yayikulu ya nthunzi, kutenthetsanso mizere, mitu	Kutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika, ntchito yanthawi yayitali
Mitsempha yopanikizika	Ziwiya ndi zida zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri	Kupanikizika + kutentha kwambiri
Kupanga magetsi	Mphamvu ya kutentha ndi mapaipi a nyukiliya	Zigawo zofunika kwambiri zautumiki
Makampani opanga mafuta	Mapaipi otentha kwambiri, osinthira kutentha	Kutentha kwambiri + zowononga

Malinga ndi Gawo 4 la muyezo, kusankha mtundu wa chitsulo ndi kwa kasitomala. Sanonpipe ikhoza kupereka upangiri waukadaulo wosankha zinthu kutengera magawo enieni a kasitomala.

III. Magiredi a Zinthu - Kuphunzira Konse kwa Zitsulo Zisanu ndi Zinayi

Zikuto za DIN 17175Magiredi 9 achitsulo, kuyambira zitsulo za kaboni mpaka zitsulo zosungunuka ndi zitsulo wamba zosatentha mpaka zitsulo zosungunuka zosatentha:

Kalasi yachitsulo	Nambala ya Zinthu	Mtundu	Makhalidwe Aakulu
St35.8	1.0305	Yosagwira kutentha ndi kaboni	Mulingo woyambira wa machubu a boiler wamba
St45.8	1.0405	Yosagwira kutentha ndi kaboni	Yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa St35.8
17 Mn 4	1.0481	Yosagwira kutentha ndi aloyi wochepa	Mphamvu ya Mn yolimbikitsidwa, yapamwamba
19 Mn 5	1.0482	Yosagwira kutentha ndi aloyi wochepa	Mphamvu ya Mn yolimbikitsidwa, ngakhale yokwera kwambiri
15 Mo 3	1.5415	Molybdenum yosagwira kutentha	Ili ndi Mo, katundu wabwino kwambiri wokwera
13 CrMo 4 4	1.7335	Cr-Mo yolimba kutentha	Chitsulo chapadera cha chubu cha boiler, kukana kutentha kwambiri
10 CrMo 9 10	1.7380	Cr-Mo yolimba kutentha	Kuchuluka kwa Cr-Mo, koyenera kutentha kwambiri
14 MoV 6 3	1.7715	Mo-V yolimbana ndi kutentha	Muli Mo ndi V, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri
X20 CrMoV 12 1	1.4922	Martensitic yosagwira kutentha	Kuchuluka kwa aloyi kwambiri, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa ntchito 650 °C

IV. Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane kwa Magiredi a Zitsulo Zofunika

4.1 St45.8 (Zinthu Nambala 1.0405) – Chitsulo Chosatentha ndi Mpweya Chogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri

St45.8 ndiye mtundu wa chitsulo chomwe chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu DIN 17175. “St” imayimira Stahl (chitsulo), ndipo “45” imasonyeza mphamvu yokoka ya pafupifupi 450 MPa.

Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (%):

Chinthu	Zamkati mwa St45.8	Ndemanga
C	≤ 0.21	Zimathandiza kuti mphamvu ndi kulimba zikhale bwino
Si	0.10 – 0.35	Zimathandiza kuti kutentha kukhale kolimba komanso kukana kutentha
Mn	0.40 – 0.80	Zimawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma
P	≤ 0.020	Kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kulimba kwa kutentha kwambiri
S	≤ 0.020	Yoyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti igwire bwino ntchito

Katundu wa Makina:

Katundu	Mtengo
Mphamvu yokoka (σb)	410 – 530 MPa
Mphamvu yobereka (σs)	≥255 MPa
Kutalika (δ5)	≥ 21%

Kutentha koyenera kwa ntchito:≤ 500 °C (zitsulo za kaboni zimatha kusintha kukhala graphite zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa 450 °C kwa nthawi yayitali)

Magiredi Ofanana Padziko Lonse:

Muyezo	Giredi Yofanana
China (GB)	20G(GB 5310)
USA (ASTM)	A106 Giredi B
Japan (JIS)	STB42
Europe (EN)	P235GH(EN 10216-2)

4.2 Mndandanda wa Zitsulo Zosatentha ndi Alloy (15Mo3 / 13CrMo44 / 10CrMo910)

Kalasi yachitsulo	Nambala ya Zinthu	Zinthu Zazikulu Zopangira Alloying	Kutentha kwa Utumiki	Ntchito Yachizolowezi
15Mo3	1.5415	Mo	≤ 550 °C	Zotenthetsera zotentha kwambiri, zotenthetseranso
13CrMo44	1.7335	Cr-Mo	≤ 580 °C	Machubu a boiler othamanga kwambiri, mizere ya nthunzi
10CrMo910	1.7380	Cr-Mo	≤ 600 °C	Mapaipi a nthunzi otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri

4.3 X20CrMoV121 (Zinthu Nambala 1.4922) – Gawo Lotentha Kwambiri

X20CrMoV121 ndiyekutentha kwambiri komanso kogwira ntchito kwambirichitsulo mu DIN 17175. Zinthu zazikulu:

Kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito: 650 °C

Mtundu wa zinthu:Chitsulo chosagwira kutentha cha Martensitic

Makhalidwe ofunikira:Kuchuluka kwa aloyi kumapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yokwera komanso kukana kukhuthala kwa nthunzi

Kutha kupotoza:Imafuna njira zapadera (kutenthetsa kale + chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld)

Ntchito wamba:Magawo otentha kwambiri/othamanga kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira magetsi ochokera kunja - mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi, ma superheater, ma reheater, ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri

V. Magiredi Abwino - Giredi I ndi Giredi III

DIN 17175 imafotokozamagiredi awiri abwino: Giredi YoyambandiGiredi III.

Giredi Yabwino	Mikhalidwe Yoyenera	Zofunikira pa Kuyesa	Mapulogalamu Odziwika
Giredi Yoyamba	Kutentha ≤ 450 °C, kupanikizika ≤ 80 bar	Mayeso oyambira	Ma boiler otsika mpaka apakati
Giredi III	Kutentha > 450 °C kapena kupanikizika > 80 bar	Kuyesa kokhwima(100% NDT, mayeso obwerezabwereza a mphete)	Ma boiler amphamvu kwambiri, ma superheater, ma reheater

Pa machubu achitsulo cha kaboni (St35.8, St45.8), onse a Giredi I ndi Giredi III angagwiritsidwe ntchito; pa machubu achitsulo cha alloy,Giredi III yokhaikugwira ntchito.

VI. Zofunikira pa Njira Yopangira ndi Kuyesa

6.1 Njira Yopangira

Malinga ndi Gawo 6.1.1, machubu akhoza kupangidwa ndikutentha kapena kuzizira kugubuduza, kukanikiza kotentha, kujambula kotentha kapena kuziziraNjira yeniyeniyo imadalira kukula ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kofunikira.

6.2 Kuchiza Kutentha

Machubu ayenera kuperekedwa bwino komanso okonzedwa bwino kutalika kwawo konse. Kutengera mtundu wa chitsulo, njira zotsatirazi zotenthetsera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

Kubwezeretsa(za zitsulo za kaboni St35.8, St45.8)

Kupopera kwa subcritical

Kuuma ndi kufewetsa(za zitsulo za alloy)

Pa 13CrMo44 ndi 10CrMo910, kutenthetsa kokha kungakhale kokwanira pazifukwa zina.yeneraaperekedwe ali olimba komanso ofatsa.

6.3 Kuyesa Kosawononga (NDT)

KwaMachubu a Giredi III, muyezo umafuna:

100% NDT(kuyesa kwa ultrasonic) kwa zolakwika zakutali

Kuyesa kwina kwa zolakwika zopingasa ndi/kapena ma lamination kungavomerezedwe

6.4 Mayeso a Mphete

Machubu a Giredi III amatha kuyesedwa mphete, kuphatikizapo:

Mayeso ochepetsa mphete

Mayeso okukulitsa mphete

Mayeso omangika a mphete

Pa machubu a Giredi III okhala ndi mainchesi akunja ≤ 51 mm,20%kutalika kwa zozungulira kumayesedwa; kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa> 51 mm,malekezero onse awiri a kutalika kulikonse kozunguliraamayesedwa ndi mphete.

VII. Miyezo Yofanana Padziko Lonse

DIN 17175 ili ndi miyezo ingapo yofanana kapena yosinthika padziko lonse lapansi:

Dongosolo Loyenera	Muyezo Wofanana	Ndemanga
Europe (EN)	EN 10216-2	Kusintha mwachindunji (machubu opanda msoko otentha kwambiri)
USA (ASTM)	ASTM A106 / A213 / A335	Machubu osasinthika otentha kwambiri
China (GB)	GB 5310(machubu a boiler okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu)	Muyezo wapadera wa chubu cha boiler
China (GB)	GB 3087 (machubu a boiler otsika/apakati)	Machubu a boiler otsika/apakati
UK (BS)	BS 3059 / BS 3602	Miyezo ya chubu cha boiler
France (NF)	NF A 49-213	Machubu osasinthika otentha kwambiri

VIII. Kufotokozera Mwachangu - Ma International Equivalents a Key DIN 17175 Grades

Giredi ya DIN 17175	Nambala ya Zinthu	China GB	USA ASTM	Europe EN
St35.8	1.0305	20G (pafupifupi)	A106 Giredi A	P235GH
St45.8	1.0405	20G	A106 Giredi B	P235GH
17Mn4	1.0481	Q345	—	—
19Mn5	1.0482	Q390	—	—
15Mo3	1.5415	15MoG	A209 T1a	—
13CrMo44	1.7335	15CrMoG	A213 T12	13CrMo4-5
10CrMo910	1.7380	12Cr2MoG	A213 T22	10CrMo9-10
14MoV63	1.7715	—	—	—
X20CrMoV121	1.4922	—	—	—

IX. N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kusankha Sanonpipe?

Ubwino Wathu	Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane
Ukatswiri wokhazikika	Kumvetsetsa bwino DIN 17175 ndi EN 10216-2 - timatanthauzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira zonse molondola
Chitsimikizo cha zinthu zakuthupi	Kuphimba kwathunthu kuyambira St35.8 mpaka X20CrMoV121; zikalata zonse zofunikira (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 ikupezeka)
Kukula kokwanira	Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo: OD 10–426 mm, WIT 1–40 mm – zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za DIN 17175.
Chitsimikizo cha khalidwe	Kutha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za Giredi I ndi Giredi III - 100% NDT ya machubu a Giredi III
Kutumiza mwachangu	Matani 20,000 a katundu wamba; maoda ofulumira amatumizidwa mkati mwa masiku 7-15
Thandizo la utumiki wonse	Kuyambira pa kafukufuku ndi kufotokozera bwino zaukadaulo, mpaka pa mtengo, zolemba ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu - kutumiza zinthu nthawi imodzi
Kudzipereka kopanda chiopsezo	Malo owunikira khalidwe la mkati opitilira 240; palibe kusiyana kulikonse muzolemba
Thandizo lotsatira malamulo a CBAM	Thandizo pakukonzekera deta ya carbon footprint ya malonda kuti itsatire bwino njira ya EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

X. Lumikizanani nafe

Sanonpipe yadzipereka kupatsa makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi machubu apamwamba osapindika omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za DIN 17175. Kaya mukufuna machubu a boiler, machubu a superheater, mapaipi a nthunzi kapena machubu a zombo zopanikizika, timapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo chaukadaulo komanso mayankho osinthika azinthu.

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha kuyitanitsa:

Chubu Chopanda Msoko cha Chitsulo 51 × 3.0 DIN 17175 – St45.8 III

Tianjin Sanonpipe Co., Ltd.
+86 22 58658800
 info@sanonpipe.com
www.sanonpipe.com

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