— Buku Lokwanira la Muyezo wa ku Russia wa Kuyeretsa Mafuta ndi Mafakitale a Petrochemical

Makampani a Mapaipi a Sanon - Wogulitsa Wanu Wodalirika wa Mapaipi a Chitsulo Osatentha ndi Kutentha a GOST

1. Kachitidwe Koyenera ndi Kusankhidwa kwa Zinthu

15Х5М (kalembedwe ka Chilatini: 15Kh5M) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chomwe sichimatentha kwambiri pansi pa dongosolo la GOST la ku Russia, lopangidwa motsatira GOST 550‑2020 (Mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko oyeretsera mafuta ndi mafakitale a petrochemicalImagwirizananso ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi mongaASTM A335 P5.

Zipangizozi ndi za banja la chitsulo cholimba chomwe sichimatentha kwambiri ndi chromium-molybdenum. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka, komanso kukana dzimbiri pang'ono. Zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakakhala kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri popanga mapaipi ndi zida zovuta.

Kusankha dzina la giredi:

15 ≈ 0.15% kuchuluka kwa kaboni

Х (Kh) = Chromium (Cr)

5 ≈ 5% chromium

М (M) = Molybdenum (Mo)

Ndi mbiri yakale m'makampani aku Russia komanso zosintha zambiri (GOST 550‑75 → GOST 550‑2020), zofunikira zaukadaulo zakhala zikusinthidwa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kalasi iyi ikhale chida choyesera mafuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito petrochemical.

2. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala ndi Kulamulira Chiyero

Malinga ndi GOST 550-2020, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka 15X5M ndi motere:

Mphamvu yogwirizana ya chromium (Cr) ndi molybdenum (Mo) imapanga gawo loteteza la oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zisawonongeke ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso zinthu zowononga.

3. Katundu wa Makina ndi Kuchiza Kutentha

Mu mkhalidwe woperekera (wokhazikika + wofewa), mapaipi osapindika a 15Х5М ayenera kukwaniritsa izi:

Njira yothirira kutentha: Kubwezeretsa kutentha (900‑950°C) + Kutenthetsa (650‑700°C) – kumachotsa kupsinjika kotsalira ndikukonza kapangidwe ka tirigu. Kutentha kofunikira: Ac1 = 815°C, Ac3 = 848°C.

Kutha kulumikiza: Kutha kulumikiza kwapakati. Kutenthetsa (nthawi zambiri 150-200°C) kumalimbikitsidwa, ndipo chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa kusinthasintha kwa kulumikiza chimalangizidwa.

4. Mapulogalamu Odziwika

Chitoliro chachitsulo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazochitika zotsatirazi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri:

Kutentha koyenera kwambiri komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 600°C. Mu uvuni wosweka wa fakitale yoyeretsera, kukana kwake ku kuukira kwa haidrojeni ndi dzimbiri la sulfure kumawonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa zida.

5. Magiredi Ofanana Padziko Lonse

15Х5М ikugwirizana ndi miyezo ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimathandiza kupeza ndi kusintha zinthu padziko lonse lapansi:

Chidziwitso chogula: 15Х5М mwa mankhwala ndi makina ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi GB/T 9948 grade 12Cr5Mo yaku China. Mafakitale aku China amatha kupanga zinthu molingana ndi zomwe aku Russia akufuna, ndipo satifiketi ya zinthuzo imatha kulemba magiredi ofanana a GOST ndi GB/ASME ngati atapempha.

6. Njira Zopangira ndi Chitsimikizo Cha Ubwino

Mapaipi osapindika a 15Х5М amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:

Kuboola kotentha: Ma billet ozungulira amatenthedwa kufika pa 1200‑1300°C, kenako amabooledwa ndi mphero yozungulira kuti apange zipolopolo zopanda kanthu.

Kugubuduza kosalekeza: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphero yogubuduza yosalekeza ya mandrel kuti ikwaniritse makulidwe a khoma, ndi kulekerera kwa OD komwe kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 0.5%.

Kuchiza kutentha: Kubwezeretsa (900‑950°C) + Kutenthetsa (650‑700°C) – kumachotsa kupsinjika kotsalira ndikukonza kapangidwe ka tirigu.

Kuyesa kosawononga: Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) ndi kuyesa kwa eddy current (ET) kumatsimikizira kuti palibe zolakwika zamkati.

Zitsimikizo za khalidwe:

Gulu lililonse limabwera ndi Chiphaso Choyesera cha Mill Test (MTC) chathunthu.

Tikhoza kupereka satifiketi ya EN 10204 Type 3.1 kapena 3.2.

Kuyang'aniridwa kwa anthu ena ndi SGS, BV, TÜV kumathandizidwa.

Kulondola kwathunthu kuyambira pa chiwerengero cha kutentha mpaka chinthu chomalizidwa.

7. Mtengo wa Kaboni wa EU CBAM - Sankhani Sanon kuti Muchepetse Ndalama Zotsatizana

Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2026, EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) yakhazikitsidwa mokwanira, ndipo gawo la zitsulo ndilo loyamba pamzere. Ngati simungathe kupereka deta yeniyeni yotsimikizika yotulutsa mpweya, EU idzagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yokhazikika - kutengera avareji ya mayiko 10 omwe amatulutsa mpweya wambiri padziko lonse lapansi - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wa kaboni ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Sanon Pipe Industry yagwirizana ndi TÜV NORD kuti ithandize mafakitale kukonzekera kutsatira malamulo a CBAM:

Deta yeniyeni yoyezedwa: Tikhoza kupereka deta yeniyeni yotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni kutengera muyeso weniweni wa malo, kukuthandizani kupewa zilango zosasinthika.

Kutsata kwathunthu: Malipoti onse okhudza mpweya wochokera ku zinthu zopangira mpaka kutumizidwa kwa zinthu zomalizidwa.

Utumiki wotsatira malamulo amodzi: Kuthandiza pa mapulani owunikira, malipoti okhudza kutulutsa mpweya, zitsanzo za deta, ndi zikalata 9 zazikulu zowunikira.

Kusankha Sanon sikuti kumangotanthauza mapaipi achitsulo abwino kwambiri, komanso bwenzi lolimba logwiritsa ntchito malamulo a kaboni a EU CBAM molimba mtima.

8. N'chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kusankha Makampani Opanga Mapaipi a Sanon?

9. Lumikizanani nafe

Makampani a Sanon Pipe adzipereka kupereka mapaipi achitsulo opanda zingwe omwe sagwira kutentha ndi GOST kwa makasitomala ku Russia, CIS, ndi misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kaya mukufuna zofunikira kapena kukula koyenera, timapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo chaukadaulo komanso mayankho osinthika.

Chitsanzo cha kufotokoza kwa muyezo:

Труба стальная бесшовная горячедеформированная 114×10 ГОСТ 550‑2020 / 15Х5М
(Chitoliro chopanda msoko chotenthedwa 114×10, kulekerera kwa miyeso molingana ndi GOST 550‑2020, zinthu 15Х5М)

Tianjin Sanon Pipe Industry Co., Ltd.
+86 22 58658800
 info@sanonpipe.com
 www.sanonpipe.com

Miyezo Yapamwamba · Kutumiza Mwachangu · Kupanda Chiwopsezo · Mpweya Wobiriwira & Wotsika