—— Sanonpipe, Wogulitsa Wanu Wodalirika wa Machubu Achitsulo Okhazikika a ku Russia

I. Chidule Chachikulu: Mwala Wapangodya wa Machubu Opanda Msoko Ozizira a ku Russia

GOST 8734-75(dzina lonse: Machubu achitsulo opanda msoko ofooka ozizira. Range) ndi dziko la Russia (lomwe kale linali USSR)muyezo wa mawonekedwe/kusiyanasiyanaza machubu achitsulo opanda msoko okokedwa ozizira kapena opindidwa ozizira. Idayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januwale 1977. Muyezowu umaphatikizapo machubu opanda msoko opangidwa ozizira (opangidwa ndi kupindidwa kozizira kapena kujambulidwa kozizira) ndim'mimba mwake wakunja kwa 1 mm mpaka 200 mmndimakulidwe a khoma kuyambira 0.2 mm mpaka 22 mm.

Njira yokokera/kuzungulira mozizira imapatsa machubu kulondola kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Kudzera mu kusintha kozizira, tinthu tachitsulo timayengedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chitsulo ndi mawonekedwe a makina zimawongoleredwa kwambiri. Ukadaulo wopangira kuzizira wolondola kwambiri uwu umapangitsa machubu kukhala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa machubu odziwika bwino ozungulira motentha pankhani ya kulekerera, kukhazikika komanso kutha kwa pamwamba - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pazida zolondola, machitidwe a hydraulic, kapangidwe ka makina kolondola kwambiri ndi ntchito zina zambiri zovuta.

Muyezowu umachokera pa muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansiСТ СЭВ 1483-78ndipo idavomerezedwa ndi Komiti Yadziko la USSR ya Miyezo pa 13 Okutobala 1975 (Chilamulo Nambala 2604). Kope lovomerezeka lomwe lili pano ndi losindikizidwanso mu 2007.

II. Dongosolo Lokhazikika: Ubale Wogwirizana Pakati pa GOST 8734 ndi GOST 8733

Mu ndondomeko ya miyezo ya ku Russia,GOST 8734-75iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ukadaulo wake wogwirizana nawoGOST 8733-87(Machubu achitsulo osapindika ozizira - Mikhalidwe yaukadaulo). Pamodzi amapanga muyezo wathunthu wazinthu zamachubu achitsulo:

Muyezo	Chigawo	Udindo
GOST 8734-75	Kunja kwa mainchesi, makulidwe a khoma, kulekerera kwa miyeso, mitundu ya kutalika ndi kupotoka kovomerezeka, kulemera kwa chiphunzitso	"Momwe zimaonekera" - miyeso
GOST 8733-87	Magiredi achitsulo, kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, mayeso a njira, mayeso a hydraulic, malamulo owunikira, kulemba, kulongedza	"Chinthu chanji komanso cholimba bwanji" - zofunikira zaukadaulo

Chidziwitso chogula: Mu zikalata za uinjiniya kapena maoda ogulira,GOST 8733 ndi GOST 8734 nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa pamodzi– amapanga awiri osalekanitsidwa.

III. Kuchuluka kwa Magawo ndi Kugawa

3.1 Magawo osiyanasiyana

Muyezo wa GOST 8734-75 umaphatikizapo miyeso iyi:

Chizindikiro	Malo ozungulira
Kunja kwa m'mimba mwake	1 – 200 mm
Kukhuthala kwa khoma	0.2 – 22 mm
Kutalika (mwachisawawa)	1.5 – 11.5 mamita
Utali (wokhazikika)	4.5 – 9 mamita(kupotoka kwa malire +10 mm)

3.2 Kugawa malinga ndi makulidwe a khoma

Kutengera ndi chiŵerengero cha mainchesi akunja (D) ndi makulidwe a khoma (s), machubu amagawidwa m'magulu anayi:

Gulu	Chiŵerengero cha D/s	Kufotokozera
Khoma lopyapyala kwambiri	D/s > 40	Zopepuka kwambiri, zogwiritsira ntchito zochepetsera kulemera
Khoma lopyapyala	D/s = 12.5 – 40	Machubu okhazikika okhala ndi khoma lopyapyala
Khoma lokhuthala	D/s = 6 – 12.5	Mphamvu yonyamula kupanikizika kwambiri
Khoma lokhuthala kwambiri	D/s < 6	Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri

3.3 Kulekerera kwa m'mimba mwake wakunja

Kunja kwa mainchesi osiyanasiyana (mm)	Kupatuka kovomerezeka (mm)
4 - 10	± 0.15
>10 – 30	± 0.30
>30 - 50	± 0.40
>50	± 0.8%

3.4 Kulekerera makulidwe a khoma

Makulidwe a khoma (mm)	Kupatuka kovomerezeka
≤1.0	± 0.12 mm
>1.0 – 5.0	± 10%
>5.0	± 8%

3.5 Zofunikira pakuwongoka

Kunja kwa mainchesi osiyanasiyana (mm)	Kupindika kwakukulu pa kutalika kwa mita imodzi
4 - 8	≤ 3 mm
>8 - 10	≤ 2 mm
>10	≤ 1.5 mm

Zindikirani: Pa machubu okhala ndi mainchesi akunja a 20-90 mm, kuongoka kokhwima kumafunika≤ 1 mm pa mita imodzi kutalikatingavomereze.

IV. Kuwerengera Kulemera kwa Chiphunzitso

GOST 8734-75 imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi kuti iwerengere kulemera kwa chiphunzitso pa mita imodzi ya chubu:

M = 0.02466148 × s × (Dₙ − s)

Kumene:

M= kulemera pa mita imodzi (kg)

Dₙ= mainchesi akunja odziwika (mm)

s= makulidwe a khoma (mm)

Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo= 7.85 g/cm³

Chowonjezera chokhazikika chimapereka matebulo athunthu olemera a mitundu yonse ya mainchesi akunja ndi makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 0.3 mm mpaka 24 mm. Zitsanzo:

Pa khoma la 30 mm OD × 2.5 mm, kulemera kwa malingaliro ≈ 1.696 kg/m

Pa khoma la 76 mm OD × 4.0 mm, kulemera kwa malingaliro ≈ 7.102 kg/m

V. Magiredi a Chitsulo Opezeka

Malinga ndi muyezo wa GOST 8733-87, machubu opanda msoko okokedwa ozizira amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni ndi zitsulo za alloy:

Kalasi yachitsulo	Mtundu	Ntchito yachizolowezi
Giredi 10, Giredi 20	Chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kaboni	Kutumiza madzi, kapangidwe kake
Giredi 35, Giredi 45	Chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kaboni	Kupanga makina, zida zomangira zolimba kwambiri
09Г2С (09G2S)	Chitsulo chopanda aloyi	Ntchito yotentha pang'ono, nyumba zolimba kwambiri

Kufanana kwa mayikoMachubu opanda msoko okokedwa ozizira a GOST 8734-75 ndi ofanana kwambiri mu ndondomeko ndi kugwiritsa ntchitoASTM A519(machubu opangidwa ndi kaboni wopanda msoko ndi zitsulo zotayidwa).

VI. Magawo Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kawirikawiri

Zikomo kwakulondola kwakukulu, kutsiriza kosalala komanso kukhazikika bwino, Machubu opanda msoko okokedwa ozizira a GOST 8734-75 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu:

Munda wofunsira	Ntchito zenizeni	Chifukwa chosankhidwa
Makina olondola kwambiri	Mipando yolondola, masilinda a hydraulic, zigawo za pneumatic	Kulondola kwambiri, kukhazikika bwino
Makina a hydraulic ndi pneumatic	Mapaipi amafuta amphamvu kwambiri, mizere ya pneumatic	Pamwamba pabwino, kukana kuyenda bwino
Makampani opanga magalimoto	Machubu onyowetsa mantha, machubu a zida zowongolera	Kufanana kwa magawo ofanana
Mankhwala a Petrochemical	Machubu a zida, mizere yotsatirira	Kukaniza kodalirika kwa kuthamanga
Kupanga magetsi	Mapaipi othandizira a boiler	Kuchita bwino kutentha kwambiri

Poyerekeza ndi machubu ozunguliridwa ndi hot-roll, njira yokokedwa ndi ozizira imapangitsa machubu a GOST 8734-75 kukhala abwino kwambiri mu:

Kulondola kwa miyeso: Zolekerera za OD zolimba ngati ±0.15 mm (zazing'ono), zabwino kwambiri kuposa zotenthedwa.

Ubwino wa pamwamba: Yosalala mkati ndi kunja - yokonzeka kukonzedwa bwino popanda makina ena owonjezera.

Kukhazikika: Kukhuthala kwa khoma kofanana, koyenera kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito molondola pambuyo pake.

VII. Mayeso Ofanana Padziko Lonse

Dongosolo lokhazikika	Muyezo wofanana	Kufotokozera
China (GB)	GB/T 3639-2021	Machubu achitsulo olondola osapindika okokedwa ndi ozizira kapena opindidwa ndi ozizira
USA (ASTM)	ASTM A519	Machubu a makina opanda msoko a kaboni ndi zitsulo zotayidwa
Russia (GOST)	GOST 8734-75(makulidwe) +GOST 8733-87(mikhalidwe yaukadaulo)	Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi

Chidziwitso chofananaMuyezo wapafupi kwambiri wa ku China ndi GOST 8734-75GB/T 3639-2021(Machubu achitsulo osasunthika okokedwa ndi ozizira kapena opindidwa ndi ozizira), omwe amagwirizana ndi ntchito zonse ziwiri (ntchito yozizira yolondola kwambiri) komanso njira zopangira. Kuphatikiza apo, GB/T 8162 (machubu osasunthika omangidwa) ndi GB/T 8163 (machubu osasunthika oyendetsedwa ndi madzi) akhoza kutchulidwa, koma GB/T 3639 imapereka kufanana kwabwino kwambiri pa ntchito yolondola komanso yozizira.

VIII. N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kusankha Sanonpipe?

Ubwino wathu	Tsatanetsatane
Ukatswiri wokhazikika	Kumvetsetsa mozama kwa dongosolo la GOST 8733/8734 - timatanthauzira molondola zofunikira zonse za muyezo wa ku Russia
Chitsimikizo cha zinthu zakuthupi	Mitundu yonse ya magiredi ophimbidwa - 10#, 20#, 45#, 09Г2С, ndi zina zotero, ndi ziphaso zonse za zinthu.
Kulondola kotsimikizika	Machubu onse opangidwa motsatira zofunikira za GOST 8734-75 - kulondola kodalirika kwa miyeso
Kukula kwathunthu	Timapereka mitundu yonse ya ma diameter akunja1–200 mmndi makulidwe a khoma0.2–22 mm
Kutumiza mwachangu	Ndi katundu wokhazikika wa matani 20,000, maoda ofulumira amatumizidwamkati mwa masiku 7–15
Utumiki kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto	Kuyambira pa kafukufuku, kufotokozera zaukadaulo ndi mtengo wake mpaka zolemba ndi zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa - kutumiza zinthu nthawi imodzi
Kudzipereka kopanda chiopsezo	Malo opitilira 240 owunikira khalidwe la mkati, ndi zikalata zomwe zilibe kusiyana kulikonse

IX. Lumikizanani nafe

Sanonpipe yadzipereka kupereka machubu achitsulo opanda zingwe abwino kwambiri ogwirizana ndi GOST 8734-75 kwa makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi. Kaya mukufuna machubu olondola a makina, machubu a hydraulic kapena machubu omangira, timapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo chaukadaulo komanso mayankho osinthika azinthu.

Chitsanzo cha kufotokozera kwapadera:

Труба стальная бесшовная холоднодеформированная 57×3.5 ГОСТ 8734-75 / В 20 ГОСТ 8733 87
(Chubu chachitsulo chopanda msoko chokokedwa ndi ozizira 57×3.5, miyeso yolingana ndi GOST 8734-75, kalasi yachitsulo 20, mikhalidwe yaukadaulo yolingana ndi GOST 8733-87)

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