I. Kugawa Zinthu ndi Zoyambira za Misonkho

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati paChitoliro Chopangidwa ndi Weldedndipo Chitoliro Chopanda Msoko mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi chimayamba ndi ma code awo a Harmonized System (HS). Malinga ndi gulu la WCO, mapaipi achitsulo osapindika amagwera pansi pa HS code 7304, pomwe mapaipi olumikizidwa amagwera pansi pa 7306. Gulu loyamba ili limayang'anira ntchito zonse zotsatizana za msonkho ndi malonda.

Kugawa zinthu molondola n'kofunika kwambiri kwa otumiza kunja. Zinthu monga Seamless Steel PipeA333 T11, Chitoliro Chopanda MsokoA333 T9, Chitoliro Chopanda MsokoA333 T5, Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha AloyiA333 T91, Mapaipi Opanda Msoko a Alloy Steel, ndi China Alloy Steel Tube ayenera kugawidwa pansi pa mitu yaying'ono yoyenera ya 7304 kutengera zinthu zawo, kukula kwake, gawo lopingasa, ndi zina.

II. Ndondomeko za Misonkho ya Kutumiza Zinthu ku EU

Ndondomeko ya EU yokhudza kutumiza mapaipi achitsulo ndi njira yokhala ndi magawo ambiri yokhala ndi ntchito zoyambira, njira zotetezera, komanso ntchito zoletsa kutaya zinthu.

Ntchito Zoyambira ndi Magawo Oteteza: EU imasunga ma quota a tariff rate (TRQs) pazinthu zambiri zachitsulo. Pa "Machubu Ena Opanda Msoko" (mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri osapanga dzimbiri motsatira HS 7304), gawo la mayiko ngati China ndi pafupifupi matani 34,000 mpaka 34,800 pa kotala la 2025-2026; msonkho wowonjezera wa 25% umagwira ntchito pazinthu zogulitsa kunja zomwe zapitirira gawo. Pa "Machubu ndi Mapaipi Opanda Msoko Opanda Msoko," palinso ma quota a dziko lina, ndi tariff ya 25% pamwamba pa gawo. Kusintha kwakukulu kukukonzekera pa Julayi 1, 2026, pomwe EU akuti ikufuna kuchepetsa ma quota otumiza kunja ndi pafupifupi 50% ndikukweza mtengo wa quota womwe uli pamwambapa kuchokera pa 25% mpaka 50%. Izi zidzakhudza kwambiri mtengo wotumizira kunja kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosagwirizana, kuphatikiza Machubu Achitsulo Opanda Msoko a Zida Zothirira Feteleza ndi Machubu Opanda Msoko a Nthunzi.

Ntchito Zotsutsana ndi Kutaya Zinthu:

Mapaipi Opanda Msoko (HS 7304): EU ikupereka msonkho wotsimikizika woletsa kutaya madzi pa mapaipi ena osasweka ndi machubu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ochokera ku China, ndi mitengo kuyambira 48.3% mpaka 71.9%. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngati msonkho womwe uli pamwambapa ndi msonkho woletsa kutaya madzi zikugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, EU imangotenga ndalama zokwana ziwirizi. Pa mapaipi osasweka achitsulo cha kaboni (monga Sa-106m, Cr5mo Alloy Steel Pipe, diameter yakunja ≤406.4mm, CEV ≤0.86) ochokera ku Russia ndi Ukraine, misonkho yoletsa kutaya madzi imagwiranso ntchito, ndipo mitengo imasiyana malinga ndi opanga (24.1%-35.8% kwa makampani aku Russia, 8.1%-25.7% kwa makampani aku Ukraine).

Mapaipi Osefedwa (HS 7306): EU imalipira msonkho wotsutsana ndi kutaya zinyalala pa mapaipi osefedwa achitsulo kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (m'mimba mwake wakunja ≤168.3mm) ochokera ku China, Russia, ndi Belarus. Chiwongola dzanja cha zinthu zaku China ndi 90.6% chodabwitsa. Mu Epulo 2026, EU idayambitsa kuwunikanso kwa kulowa kwa dzuwa kwa njira izi kuti idziwe ngati ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

III. Ndondomeko za Misonkho ya Kutumiza Zinthu ku UK

Pambuyo pa Brexit, UK yakhazikitsa njira yake yodziyimira payokha yoyendetsera misonkho (UK Global Tariff) ndi njira yothanirana ndi malonda (Trade Remedies Authority, TRA). Kapangidwe ka mfundo za UK ndi kofanana—mitengo yoyambira, chitetezo, ndi misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu—koma zimasiyana pamitengo yeniyeni ndi momwe dziko limakhudzira.

Njira Zotetezera: Mofanana ndi EU, UK imagwiritsa ntchito ma TRQ oteteza pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo. Pansi pa gulu la "Machubu Ena Opanda Msoko", China ili ndi gawo la kotala la matani pafupifupi 34,400, ndi msonkho wa 25% pazinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja zomwe zili pamwamba pa gawo. UK imasunganso magawo a "Machubu Ena Olumikizidwa."

Ntchito Zotsutsana ndi Kutaya Zinthu:

Mapaipi Osefedwa (HS 7306): UK ikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoletsa kutaya madzi pa mapaipi osefedwa achitsulo kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (m'mimba mwake wakunja ≤168.3mm) ochokera ku China ndi Belarus, ndipo chiwongola dzanja cha zinthu zaku China chili pa 90.6%. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti UK idasiya kuyesa kwake motsutsana ndi Russia pazinthu izi mu 2023. Mu Januwale 2026, TRA idayambitsa kuwunikanso kwa dzuwa kwa kuyesa komwe kudachitika motsutsana ndi China ndi Belarus.

Mapaipi Opanda Msoko (HS 7304): UK yasungabe ndalama zolipirira kutaya zinyalala zomwe idalandira kuchokera ku EU pa mapaipi ena osasokoka ochokera ku Russia ndi Ukraine. Ponena za mapaipi osasokoka achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri aku China, pakadali pano palibe chidziwitso chomwe chikupezeka poyera chomwe chikusonyeza kuti UK ili ndi ntchito zodziyimira payokha zoletsa kutaya zinyalala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwayi wopeza msika umachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo.

IV. Chidule cha Kusiyana Kwakukulu kwa Ndondomeko

Gulu la Zamalonda	Chida cha Ndondomeko	Mgwirizano wa ku Ulaya (EU)	United Kingdom (UK)
Mapaipi Opanda Msoko (HS 7304)	Chitetezo	Ma Quotas amagwira ntchito; 25% kuposa msonkho wa quota; kukhwimitsa kwakukulu komwe kukuyembekezeka pambuyo pa Julayi 2026	Ma Quota amagwira ntchito; 25% ya msonkho wapamwamba kuposa quota
	Kuletsa Kutaya Zinthu (China)	Zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda msoko: 48.3% -71.9%	Palibe udindo wodziyimira pawokha wa AD womwe wadziwika
	Kuletsa Kutaya Zinthu (Zina)	Mpweya wa kaboni ku Russia/Ukraine wopanda msoko: 8.1%-35.8%	Ndasunga malamulo a EU pa Russia/Ukraine, koma mfundo zitha kusintha zokha
Mapaipi Osefedwa (HS 7306)	Chitetezo	Ma Quota ndi 25% ya msonkho wapamwamba kuposa quota zimagwiritsidwa ntchito	Ma Quota ndi 25% ya msonkho wapamwamba kuposa quota zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
	Kuletsa Kutaya Zinthu (China)	90.6%	90.6%
	Kuletsa Kutaya Zinthu (Zina)	Njira zotsutsana ndi Russia ndi Belarus	Miyezo yolimbana ndi Belarus yasungidwa; Miyezo ya Russia yathetsedwa