1. Chidule Chachikulu

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 ndiye muyezo wodziwika padziko lonse wosankha zinthu zachitsulo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi okhala ndi H₂S. Yofalitsidwa limodzi ndi NACE International (tsopano AMPP) ndi International Organization for Standardization (ISO), kusinthidwa komwe kukugwira ntchito pano ndi ANSI/NACE MR0175-2021/ISO 15156:2020.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo uwu kumachokera ku kukankhira kwa makampaniwa ku mapangidwe ozama komanso zinthu zakutali zakunja kwa dziko. Pamene chitukuko cha minda yamafuta ndi gasi wowawa chikuwonjezeka, dzimbiri lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi hydrogen sulfide lakhala lofunika kwambiri—makamaka sulfide stress cracking (SSC), zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa brittle mu zitsulo za carbon ndi zitsulo zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa.

2. Kapangidwe Koyenera ndi Kuchuluka

Muyezowu wagawidwa m'magawo atatu, kuphatikiza kukhala fayilo imodzi ya PDF, ndipo ukuphatikiza Mabuku angapo aukadaulo omwe adasindikizidwa mu 2021 ndi 2022:

Gawo	Chigawo	Zamkatimu
Gawo 1	Mfundo Zazikulu	Amatanthauzira malo ovuta, mfundo zoyambira zosankhira zinthu, njira zoyeneretsera
Gawo 2	Zitsulo za Carbon ndi Low-Alloy	Malire a kuuma (≤22 HRC), zofunikira pakuwotcherera, kuwongolera mankhwala
Gawo 3	Ma CRA ndi Ma Alloys Ena	Malire a chilengedwe pa banja lililonse la aloyi (kutentha, pH₂S, kuchuluka kwa chloride)

Muyezowu umagwira ntchito pa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta ndi gasi komanso mafakitale otsekemera gasi wachilengedwe komwe kulephera kungabweretse chiopsezo ku thanzi la anthu ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito kapena ku chilengedwe. Umagwira ntchito pothana ndi njira zonse zosweka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi H₂S, kuphatikiza SSC, SCC, HIC, SWC, ndi zina.

3. Tanthauzo la Malo Oipa

Malinga ndi muyezo, pamene kupanikizika pang'ono kwa H₂S mu gawo la mpweya kupitirira 0.3 kPa (0.05 psia), chilengedwe chimagawidwa ngati chowawa, chomwe chimafuna kusankha zinthu malinga ndi zofunikira za muyezo.

Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuphatikizapo mitsinje yamadzi, mitengo ya Khirisimasi, mapaipi, zolekanitsa, mizere yoyenda m'malo opangira zinthu, ndi mapaipi onyamula ma hydrocarbons owuma.

4. Zofunikira pa Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Zitsulo za Carbon ndi Low-Alloy (Gawo 2)

Chitsulo choyambira, chitsulo chosungunula, ndi kuuma kwa HAZ siziyenera kupitirira 22 HRC (248 HV10)

Chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld (PWHT) ndi chofunikira

Kulamulira kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala kumafunika

Ma Aloyi Osadzimbidwa ndi Dzimbiri (Gawo 3)

Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo: 316 SS, 6-moly alloys, 2507 duplex SS, Alloy 825, Alloy 625, Alloy C-276, ndi Alloy 400. Chilichonse chili ndi malire enieni a kutentha, kupanikizika pang'ono kwa H₂S, ndi kuchuluka kwa chloride.

5. Zosintha Zofunika Kwambiri ndi Chiyembekezo Chamtsogolo

Kope la 2021/2020 lakhala likugwirizana ndi kope la 2003, ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono kudzera mu Technical Circulars. Mu 2018, makomiti olamulira adagwirizana kuti kulembanso kwakukulu kunali kofunikira kuti athetse kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ndikuphatikizira kupita patsogolo kwa makampani.

Mtundu wolembedwanso kwathunthu ukupitilizidwa kusankhidwa ndi kufalitsidwa ndi ISO, womwe wasinthidwa kukhala magawo atatu atsopano:

Gawo 1: Zofunikira pa zinthu ndi kukonza

Gawo 2: Kuwunika malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kusankha zinthu

Gawo 3: Zofunikira pakutsimikizira, kuyenerera, ndi kuvota

Mtundu watsopanowu umapereka tsatanetsatane wokwanira pa njira zoyesera za H₂S, kuphatikizapo malangizo okhudza zitsanzo, kusankha njira zoyesera, ndi kuchuluka kwa mayeso ofunikira kuti zinthu ziyenereredwe.

6. Kufunika Kothandiza

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 ndi maziko ofunikira pakusankha zinthu popanga mafuta ndi gasi wowawasa. Muyezowu ukugogomezera kuti palibe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimatetezedwa ku kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chloride—kumvetsetsa bwino zofooka za alloy ndikofunikira pakusankha zinthu m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Zipangizo zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, monga ma valve, zolumikizira, ndi zida, zimafuna kutsatira kwambiri muyezo. Zipangizo zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wowawasa ziyenera kukhala ndi zilolezo zonse zolondola, ndi ziphaso zoyesera mphero zotsimikizira kuyesa kuuma, kutsatira malamulo a mankhwala, komanso momwe zimathandizira kutentha.

Mu malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi, kusankha zinthu kumatsatira kwambiri muyezo wa NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156. Muyezo uwu ndi "lamulo lagolide" loonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo okhala ndi hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Umakhudza zida zonse ndi zigawo zake zomwe zili ndi kupanikizika, kuyambira malo osungiramo zinthu mpaka malo osungiramo zinthu omwe ali pansi pa madzi.

Zipangizo za chitsime ndi dzenje lolowera pansi: zida za chitsime, machubu ndi zingwe zoyikamo (machubu opangira, chivundikiro).

Mapaipi ndi zida zolumikizira: chitoliro cha mzere chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mafuta ndi gasi mtunda wautali, mwachitsanzo,API 5L kalasi X65 chitoliro cha mzere, ndi zina zotero.

Zipangizo zokonzera ndi kusamutsa pamwamba: zotengera zopanikiza, zolekanitsa - zida zokhala ndi kupanikizika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa ndi kukonza mafuta/gasi.

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, muyezowu umakhudzanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, kuphatikizapo chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chopanda mafuta ambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi ma alloys okhala ndi nickel.