Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msokoASTM A335 P11ndi chitsulo cha chromium-molybdenum alloy, ndipo dzina lake lofanana ndi la Chitchaina ndi15CrMoG. Chida ichi chili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kukwawa, ndipo ndi choyenera kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri komanso pa kuthamanga kwambiri. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mphamvu ndi mphamvu, komanso mankhwala a petrochemical.
Ponena za kapangidwe ka mankhwala, zinthu za P11 zili ndi pafupifupi 1.00% - 1.50% ya chromium ndi 0.44% - 0.65% ya molybdenum. Kuphatikiza kwa alloy kumeneku kumathandizira kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zokhazikika zamakina pansi pa kutentha kwambiri. Chinthu cha chromium chimathandiza kupanga gawo lolimba la oxide, kukulitsa kukana kwa okosijeni ndi dzimbiri, pomwe chinthu cha molybdenum chimawongolera kwambiri mphamvu ya chinthucho kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kukwawa.
Mu makampani opanga mphamvu ndi magetsi, mapaipi achitsulo opanda zingwe a ASTM A335 P11 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapaipi otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira magetsi otentha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zofunika monga ma boiler superheaters, ma reheaters, ndi mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi. Zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimafunika kugwira ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo otentha kwambiri kuyambira 540°C mpaka 570°C. Zinthuzi zimatha kupirira kupsinjika kwamkati kwambiri ndikukana dzimbiri la okosijeni kuchokera ku nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti malo opangira magetsi akugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika.
Mu makampani opanga mafuta, mapaipi achitsulo a P11 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoyezera kutentha kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga machubu a ng'anjo yosweka, machubu a ng'anjo yosinthira, ndi mapaipi opangira hydrogenation, pakati pa ena. Mapaipi awa amafunika kupirira zotsatira za hydrocarbon media yotentha kwambiri. Mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotentha komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa zinthuzo zimathandiza kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu zovuta popanga mafuta, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mu makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, mapaipi achitsulo a P11 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi othandizira. Ngakhale kuti mapaipi apamwamba a nyukiliya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapamwamba, P11 imagwirabe ntchito m'machitidwe othandizira omwe si a nyukiliya, monga machitidwe osinthira kutentha ndi machitidwe operekera madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magetsi a nyukiliya azigwira ntchito bwino.
Pakukonza ndi kupanga zinthuzi, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa njira yolumikizira. Musanalumikizane, pamafunika kutentha kwa 200-250°C. Ma electrode otsika a haidrojeni ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kutentha kwachangu pa 680-720°C kumafunika mutalumikizana. Njira izi zitha kuthetsa kupsinjika kwa kulumikizana, kukonza kapangidwe ka kulumikizana, ndikuletsa kupangika kwa ming'alu yozizira. Pakukhazikitsa payipi, chithandizo choyenera ndi malo oimikapo ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti dongosolo la mapaipi likhoza kukula momasuka ndikupewa kupsinjika kwina kwa kutentha.
Ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga mphamvu, kufunikira kwa mapaipi otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu kukupitirirabe kukula. ASTM A335 P11, monga chitoliro chokhwima komanso chodalirika chapakati komanso chotentha kwambiri, chidzakhalabe ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonza ndi kukonzanso zida zomwe zilipo. Mwa kukonza kapangidwe kake ndi njira zopangira, magwiridwe antchito a zinthuzi adzawonjezeka, kupereka chithandizo chabwino cha zinthu pakukula kwa madera osiyanasiyana amafakitale.
Mapaipi achitsulo a ASTM A335 P11 osasunthika, chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kwapamwamba komanso mtengo wotsika, amakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mankhwala. Kuti musankhe bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino chipangizochi, kumvetsetsa bwino momwe chimagwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira.