Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2026, imakethi yokuthumela ngaphandle yemibhobho yentsimbi yaseTshayina itshintshe kakhulu kwisakhiwo. Ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yolawulo lwelayisenisi yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukwanda kokungqubana kwezorhwebo, ukuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla okubangelwa ziingxabano zezopolitiko zaseMiddle East, kunye nohlaziyo olukhulu kwimigangatho ye-API emva kweminyaka yokungaphumli konke oku kuyahlangana. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwemibhobho yentsimbi yaseTshayina kuyatshintsha ukusuka ekukhuleni okuqhutywa ngumthamo ukuya kwixesha elitsha elichazwe kukuthobela imithetho, umgangatho, kunye nokhuphiswano lophawu.

I. Iphulo Lokulwa Nokuguquka Kwemizi-mveliso: Imibutho Yabarhwebi Engaphezulu Kwama-40 Imanyana Echasene Nemfazwe Yamaxabiso

Ngomhla we-16 kweyeSilimela ngowama-2026, iSebe lokuSasazwa kweNsimbi neNtsimbi laseTshayina, kunye nemibutho yorhwebo yokuSasazwa kweNsimbi engaphezulu kwama-40 kwiphondo lonke, likhuphe i-Inyathelo Elichasene Nokuguquka Kwishishini Lokujikeleza KweentsimbiEli phulo libiza esidlangalaleni ukuba kupheliswe ukulahlwa kweendleko eziphantsi, ukuhluthwa kwee-odolo ngogonyamelo, kwaye likhuthaza ukulawulwa kwee-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwesinyithi ukuze kuthintelwe ukubhida okungakhathaliyo kwamanye amazwe okubangela ukungqubana korhwebo.

Eli phulo lityhila inyani ecacileyo "yokuguquka": ngo-2025, imveliso yentsimbi eluhlaza yaseTshayina ifikelele kwi-961 yezigidi zeetoni, yehla nge-4.4% ngonyaka, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo bekuyi-829 yezigidi zeetoni kuphela, ukwehla kwe-7.1%. Okwangoku, ukuthunyelwa kwentsimbi kwamanye amazwe kufike kwi-119 yezigidi zeetoni, kwenyuka nge-7.5%, kodwa amaxabiso aphakathi okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ehla nge-8.1%, ebonisa indlela eqhelekileyo "yokunyuka komthamo, ixabiso lehla." Ukungena ngo-2026, izalathisi zamaxabiso entsimbi zihlala zisondele kwinqanaba eliphantsi leminyaka emininzi, kwaye inzuzo yamashishini aphambili entsimbi kwishishini lawo eliphambili yehle nge-85.6% ngonyaka.

Eli phulo licacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba “akukho baphumeleleyo kwiimfazwe zamaxabiso” kwaye libiza ukuba eli shishini litshintshe kumjikelo ombi wokhuphiswano olusekelwe kumaxabiso nomthamo luye kumgangatho, inkonzo, kunye nokhuphiswano olusekelwe kuphawu. Oku kuphawula okokuqala icandelo lokujikeleza kwentsimbi lisabela ngokubanzi kumgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe “wokuchasana noguquko”, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba intshukumo yokulwa noguquko isuka kwimveliso iye ekusasazweni. Kwabathumeli bemibhobho yentsimbi, ukuthembela kuphela kumaxabiso aphantsi ukuze babambe iimarike zaphesheya kuya kuba yinto engazinziyo. Ukuthobela imithetho, ukubeka imveliso kwindawo ephezulu, kunye nophawu kuvela njengemida emitsha yokhuphiswano.

II. Inkqubo Entsha Yelayisenisi Yokuthumela Ngaphandle Iqala Ukusebenza: Iipayipi Ezihlanganisiweyo Nezingenamthungo Kufuneka Ngoku “Ziye Kumanye Amazwe Zinelayisenisi”, Ziyila Umyalelo Wokutshintsha

Ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2026, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye noLawulo oluPhezulu lwezeRhafu bamisele ulawulo lweelayisenisi zokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso ezithile zentsimbi, begubungela zonke iikhowudi eziphambili zerhafu zeepayipi ezidityanisiweyo. Le mithetho mitsha ifuna ukuba amashishini agqibezele uphononongo lweziqinisekiso, ukufakwa kweekhontrakthi, ukuhlolwa komgangatho, kunye neenkqubo zokubhengezwa kwerhafu. Injongo ephambili kukulawula umyalelo wokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokunciphisa ukhuphiswano olubi lwamaxabiso aphantsi. Okwangoku, iipayipi ezingenamthungo nazo zibandakanyiwe kumda wolawulo lweelayisenisi zokuthumela ngaphandle.

Impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha sele ibonakalisile. NgoMatshi 2026, iTshayina ithumele ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-393,300 zeepayipi ezidityanisiweyo, zehle nge-22.94% unyaka nonyaka; ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngoJanuwari-Matshi kufikelele kwi-1.3072 yezigidi zeetoni, zehle nge-3.76% unyaka nonyaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweepayipi ezidityanisiweyo eTshayina kusenokuba kuhambela kude nomjikelo wokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwinqanaba lohlengahlengiso oluxinzelelweyo ngokwesakhiwo.

Kwixesha elifutshane, imithetho emitsha iya kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuthobela imithetho kwaye yandise amaxesha okuhambisa ii-odolo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkqubo yelayisenisi yokuthumela ngaphandle iya kunyanzela ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso yasekhaya, ibuyisele iikowuteshini zokuthumela ngaphandle kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, kwaye inciphise ngempumelelo ukungqubana korhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ababoneleli ngeepayipi zentsimbi abanesiqinisekiso esipheleleyo, iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezisemgangathweni, kunye nezakhono zokuthobela imithetho eqinileyo baya kufumana ithuba lokukhuphisana kule meko intsha yokulawula.

III. Imiqobo yoRhwebo iyaqhubeka nokwanda: Uphando oluchasene nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma lusasazeka ukusuka kumazwe aphuhlileyo ukuya kumazwe asaphuhlayo

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2026, kwaqaliswa uthotho lophando lokulungisa urhwebo olujolise kwimibhobho yentsimbi yaseTshayina, kunye nomkhwa ophawulekayo wabaqalisi bophando abasuka kumazwe aphuhlileyo ukuya kumazwe asaphuhlayo.

Umanyano lwezoQoqosho lwase-Eurasia – Ngomhla we-10 kweyeSilimela ngo-2026, lukhuphe ingxelo yokugqibela yophononongo lokuqala lokutshona kwelanga lwerhafu yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma kwiipayipi ezifakwe intsimbi engagqwali ezivela eTshayina, lucebisa ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi iminyaka emihlanu. Iimveliso ezigutyungelweyo ziquka iipayipi ezifakwe intsimbi engagqwali ezingagqwaliyo, ezisikwere, okanye ezixande ezinqamlezileyo ezingamelaniyo nokugqwala.

I-Ukraine – Ngomhla wama-26 kuCanzibe, ngo-2026, ikhuphe isigqibo sokugqibela sokuhlolwa kwelanga esiqinisekisayo malunga nemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo egqityiweyo eshushu evela eTshayina, igqibe ekubeni igcine irhafu yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma eminye iminyaka emihlanu, uninzi lwabavelisi/abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina bahlawuliswa irhafu ye-51.52%.

Ostreliya – Ngomhla wesi-5 kweyeSilimela ngo-2026, yenza isigqibo sokugqibela sokungavumeli ukugqobhozwa kweetyhubhu ezitshisiweyo (iindawo ezingenanto) ezingeniswe zivela eTshayina (kuquka nelizwekazi), eMzantsi Korea, eMalaysia, nakwisithili saseTaiwan eTshayina, ifumanisa ukuba abanye abathumeli ngaphandle benze utshintsho oluncinci (ukugrumba, ukubhoboza, okanye ukugqobhoza) ukuze baphephe irhafu yokulahla inkunkuma.

Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwemiqobo yorhwebo kuthetha ukuba imodeli yokhuphiswano oluphantsi ayisasebenzi. Ababoneleli abane-API, i-CE, i-ISO kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye abanokubonelela ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo okulandeleka kunye namaphepha okuhambisa ahambelanayo, baya kufumana ukuthenjwa okukhulu kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kwimeko yokuqina kokungqubana korhwebo.

IV. Isiphithiphithi sezeMeko yezelizwe eMbindi Mpuma Siphazamisa Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Kumanye Amazwe: Utshintsho kwiPateni yokuthunyelwa kweMpayipi Engenamthungo

IMpuma Ephakathi ibisoloko iyeyona marike inkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle iipayipi ezingenamthungo eTshayina, kodwa iingxabano zezopolitiko ukusukela ngoMatshi 2026 zitshintshe kakhulu le meko. Ngokwedatha yeMysteel, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli 2026, ukuthunyelwa kweepayipi ezingenamthungo eTshayina kuMbindi Mpuma kube yi-28.93% yazo zonke iipayipi ezingenamthungo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukusuka kwi-38.32% ngo-2025.

Amazwe aseGulf Seven achaphazeleke kakhulu. NgoMatshi-Aprili 2026, ukuthunyelwa kweepayipi ezingenamthungo kula mazwe asixhenxe kwehle ngeetoni ezingama-231,400 unyaka nonyaka, ukwehla kwe-72.2%. Phakathi kwawo, ukuthunyelwa kweepayipi e-UAE kwehle nge-88.80% ngo-Aprili, iQatar yehle nge-95.31%, kwaye i-Iraq yehle nge-99.34%. Iingxabano zezopolitiko zabangela ukuphazamiseka kwiStrait of Hormuz, nto leyo ekhokelele kwiindlela zokuthutha ezinde, iindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu, amaxesha okufumana imali eyaneleyo, kunye nokuhla kwezinye iziseko zophuhliso kunye neeprojekthi zeoyile kunye negesi kuMbindi Mpuma, nto leyo enciphisa imfuno yeepayipi ezingenamthungo kwixesha elifutshane.

Nangona kunjalo, kunyaka wonke, ukuthunyelwa kwepayipi engenamthungo eTshayina kuMbindi Mpuma kulindeleke ukuba kwehle ngeetoni ezili-171,000, kwehle ngama-23.25%, okumalunga ne-8.78% yemveliso iyonke yepayipi engenamthungo - impembelelo ehlala ilawuleka. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, i-Iran, phantsi kwesohlwayo, ibone "ukuwa kwamandla" kwimveliso yentsimbi, kwaye i-China izalise isithuba sayo semarike ngokuyinxenye. Kwikota yokuqala, ukuthunyelwa kwepayipi engenamthungo okuqokelelweyo kufikelele kwi-1.4507 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka nge-2.52% ngonyaka, okubonisa ukuba imfuno yexesha elide phesheya kwezilwandle ayinciphanganga ngokusisiseko.

Kule meko, ababoneleli ngeepayipi zentsimbi abanempahla eninzi elungele ukuhanjiswa, amandla okuthumela kwiinqanawa ezininzi, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo kwiintsuku ezisi-7-15 banokukhusela ngempumelelo kwiingozi zothungelwano lokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezibangelwa kukuguquguquka kwezopolitiko kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno eziphambili zabathengi zokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo okuzinzileyo.

I-V. API Standard ifumana uhlaziyo olukhulu emva kweminyaka: Imida yobuchwephesha iphakanyisiwe kwakhona

Ngomhla wesi-2 kweyeSilimela ngo-2026, i-API yakhupha ngokusesikweni uhlelo lwama-47 lweUmbhobho woMgcaumgangatho (i-API Spec 5L). Njengomgangatho wokuqala we-API, iguqukele ekubeni iqinisekise ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwemibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile kunye negesi.

Olu hlelo lutsha luquka uhlaziyo kwiindawo zobugcisa ezingaphezu kwe-15, kugxilwe kakhulu ekuqiniseni ulawulo lomgangatho weepayipi ezidityanisiweyo rhoqo, kwaye okokuqala, kucaciswe iimfuno zobugcisa zeepayipi zokuhambisa i-CO₂, kuqukwe izixhobo, ukuveliswa, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kokusingqongileyo, kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukhuseleko lokusebenza kweepayipi kunye nomgangatho weshishini.

Kwabathumela ngaphandle iipayipi ze-API 5L GR.B / X42 / X52 / X60 ezingenamthungo kunye neepayipi ezidityanisiweyo rhoqo, ukuphuculwa okuqhelekileyo kuthetha imiqobo yobugcisa ephezulu kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho. Ababoneleli abanokuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nohlaziyo olusemgangathweni lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye baphucule itekhnoloji yemveliso rhoqo baya kufumana isikhundla esomeleleyo kwimarike yepayipi yeoyile negesi yehlabathi.

Imbono: Ubuchule bokuthobela imithetho kunye nokuqina kwekhonkco lobonelelo lwempahla kube lukhuphiswano oluphambili

Utshintsho oluninzi kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2026 lubonisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwesinyithi eTshayina kushiya ixesha "lokuqala lomthamo". Ulawulo lweelayisenisi zokuthumela ngaphandle luzisa ucwangco; imiqobo yorhwebo eyandayo iphakamisa imida yokungena; iingxabano zejografi zivavanya ukuqina kwekhonkco lokubonelela; kwaye uhlaziyo lomgangatho we-API lunyusa iimfuno zobugcisa. Ezi zinto zine zibonisa umkhwa omnye oqhelekileyo: ababoneleli abaneziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe, iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokukwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwesitokhwe baya kuvela njengabaphumeleleyo kumjikelo olandelayo wokuhlanganiswa kwemarike.

I-Sanon Pipe inamathela kwiimilinganiselo zayo ezine eziphambili: Imigangatho Ephakamileyo, Ukuhanjiswa Okukhawulezileyo, Umngcipheko Ongeyongozi, kunye neGreen & Low Carbon. Le nkampani igcina isitokhwe esisisigxina seetoni ezingama-20,000 zeepayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy, iipayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni, iipayipi ezingenamthungo, iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo, kunye neendawo ezingenanto. Ineziqinisekiso ezibalulekileyo eziquka i-API, i-CE, kunye ne-ISO 9001:2015, kwaye isebenza nelebhu evunyiweyo ye-CNAS eneendawo zokujonga zangaphakathi ezingaphezu kwama-240 ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ongenamngcipheko. Phantsi kwenkqubo entsha yelayisenisi yokuthumela ngaphandle, inkampani imisele uphononongo lwekhontrakthi olusemgangathweni, amaxwebhu, kunye neenkqubo zokubhengeza amasiko, ixhasa i-L/C ngaphandle kokungafani. Ukuze ilwe nokuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko zaseMbindi Mpuma, amandla ayo okuthumela kwiinqanawa ezininzi (iTianjin, iQingdao, iShanghai) kunye nokuhanjiswa kwee-odolo ezingxamisekileyo zeentsuku ezisi-7-15 zikhusela ngokufanelekileyo imixokelelwane yokubonelela yabathengi.

Umbhobho weSanon

Isitokhwe Esilungeleyo: Iitoni ezingama-20,000 zeepayipi ezingenamthungo zentsimbi ye-alloy kunye ne-carbon, iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo, kunye neendawo ezingenanto

Iimveliso eziPhambili:

Iipayipi zeBoiler:I-ASTM A335 P92/P91/P22/P11/P5;I-ASME SA106/SA179/SA192/SA210

Iipayipi zeMigca ezingenamthungo:I-API 5L GR.B/ X42 / X52 / X60 (1/2″–24″ OD)

Imibhobho eWelded & Amacandelo Angenanto: EN10210/EN10219 S355JOH/S355J2H, EN10217 P235TR1/P265TR1

Iziqinisekiso: API, CE, ISO 9001:2015; Ilebhu evunyiweyo yiCNAS; Inkxaso yeL/C yokungabikho komahluko; idatha ye-carbon footprint yemveliso iyafumaneka
Ukuhanjiswa: Imihla yokusebenza eyi-15-30 eqhelekileyo; ii-odolo ezingxamisekileyo iintsuku eziyi-7-15

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