Intshayelelo

Kwihlabathi elinzima leepayipi zoshishino, apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neendawo ezirhabaxa ziqhelekile, ukukhethwa kwezinto kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-chromium-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) alloy, i-P9 ivelele njengesixhobo esithembekileyo nesikhethekileyo esenzelwe inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. I-Alloy Steel Pipe P9 lilitye lembombo kwiindlela zokusebenza ukusuka ekuveliseni umbane ukuya ekucoceni ipetroli, exabiswa yindibaniselwano yayo eyahlukileyo yamandla, ukumelana ne-oxidation, kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo.

Yintoni iUmbhobho wentsimbi ye-alloy P9?

Umbhobho we-P9 luphawu oluvela kwi-ASTM (i-American Society for Testing and Materials)Umgangatho we-A335, egubungela umbhobho we-ferritic alloy-steel ongenamthungo wenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. U-"P" umele umbhobho, kwaye u-"9" ubhekisa kulwakhiwo lwawo oluthile lweekhemikhali, olujikeleze i-9% ye-chromium kunye ne-1% ye-molybdenum. Le khemistri ithile yeyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni kwayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye noBumbeko

Iimpawu zeUmbhobho wentsimbi we-P9zifunyenwe kwizinto zayo ezichanekileyo zokudibanisa:

•I-Chromium (Cr ~9%): Le yeyona nto iphambili enika ukumelana okuphuculweyo kwi-oxidation (scaling) kunye nokugqwala, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezine-sulfur. Yenza umaleko ozinzileyo nokhuselayo we-chromium oxide kumphezulu wentsimbi.

•I-Molybdenum (Mo ~1%): I-Molybdenum inyusa kakhulu amandla entsimbi xa kushushu kakhulu. Inceda ekuthinteleni ukuqhekeka, ukuguquka okucothayo nokuqhubekayo kwezinto phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo xa kushushu kakhulu.

Olu lwakhiwo lunika iipayipi ze-P9 iingenelo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi:

•Amandla Aphezulu Obushushu Agqwesileyo: I-P9 igcina ukuthembeka kwayo koomatshini kunye nomthamo wayo wokuthwala umthwalo kumaqondo obushushu ahlala efikelela kwi-1100°F (593)°C), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiintambo zomphunga ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nenkqubo.

•Ukumelana Okuhle Nokuxinana: Umxholo we-chromium oyi-9% ubonelela ngophuculo olukhulu ekuxhathiseni ukuxinana xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ze-alloy eziphantsi ezifana ne-P11 okanye i-P22.

•Amandla Okuqhekeka KweeCreep Aphuculweyo: Amandla ayo okumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide ngaphandle kokusilela sisizathu esiphambili sokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo.

•Uzinzo lweMicrstructural: Le alloy yenzelwe ukumelana nokwakheka kwezigaba ezingafunekiyo ezinokubhitya intsimbi ngokuhamba kwexesha ngexesha lenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu.

Izicelo eziqhelekileyo

Iipayipi ze-P9 ze-Alloy Steel zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu eyinto engaguqukiyo:

•Ukuveliswa koMbane: Iityhubhu zeSuperheater kunye nereheater, iintambo eziphambili zomphunga, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zemibhobho ezishushu kakhulu kwizityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amafutha efosili.

•I-Petrochemical kunye ne-Refining: Imigca yokudlulisa kwiindawo zokucoca, iityhubhu ze-heater, kunye neepayipi zeenkqubo ezibandakanya ii-hydrocarbons ezishushu kakhulu.

•Ukucubungula iikhemikhali: Ukuhambisa imijelo yenkqubo kubushushu obuphezulu apho kufuneka khona ukumelana nokugqwala.

Iingenelo ngaphezu kwezinye ii-alloys

Nangona kukho ii-Cr-Mo alloys ezininzi, i-P9 ikwindawo ethile. Inika ukumelana okungcono kwe-oxidation kunye namandla aphezulu kune-2.25% Cr (P22) alloy eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu kakhulu kunye nobunzima be-welding bosapho lwe-9-12% Cr (P91). Oku kwenza i-P9 ibe lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwaye oluchanekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe kwiindlela ezininzi zobushushu obuphakathi.

Isiphelo

I-Alloy Steel Pipe P9 sisixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo nesingenakuthelekiswa nanto kwiinjineli eziyila iinkqubo zemibhobho ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olulinganisiweyo lwe-9% chromium kunye ne-1% molybdenum lubonelela ngomxube ofanelekileyo wamandla, ukumelana ne-oxidation, kunye nokuqina. Kwiizicelo apho ukuthembeka phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu kungaxoxiswana, i-P9 iyaqhubeka nokuba sisisombululo esithembekileyo nesisebenza kakuhle.