Unyaka ka-2026 ubizwa ngokuthi "unyaka wokuqala wentela yekhabhoni." I-EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (I-CBAM) isingene ngokusemthethweni esigabeni sayo sokuqoqwa okuphoqelekile, kuyilapho imboni yensimbi yasekhaya yaseShayina ibhekene nonyaka wayo wokuqala wokuthobela imithetho ngemuva kokufakwa emakethe yekhabhoni kazwelonke. Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-15 ludinga ngokusobala imboni yensimbi ukuthi isebenzise "ukulawulwa okubili kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni." Imikhuba eluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi isuke ekubeni "inketho" yomthwalo wemfanelo wenkampani emphakathini yaya "ekumelwe ube nayo" yokufinyelela emakethe kanye nokuncintisana okuyinhloko. Embonini yamapayipi ensimbi, ikhono lokuphatha izinyawo zekhabhoni manje limi eceleni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nesivinini sokulethwa njengensika yesine yokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.

I. I-CBAM Iqala Ukusebenza: Idatha Yekhabhoni Ishintsha Kusukela Ku-"Environmental Metric" Kuya Ku-"Export Currency"

Ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2026, i-EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism yaqeda ngokusemthethweni isikhathi sayo sokushintsha futhi yangena esigabeni sokuqoqwa okuphoqelekile. Izimboni eziyisithupha ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, okuhlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium, kanye nesamente, zafakwa ngaphansi kobubanzi bayo. Kumabhizinisi ensimbi aseShayina, idatha yekhabhoni ayiseyona nje inkomba yezemvelo - isibe "yimali elukhuni" yempumelelo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kanye "nesihluthulelo" esithinta ngqo ukuncintisana kwezindleko.

Ngokusho kwezilinganiso, inqubo yomzila omude we-blast furnace basic oxygen furnace, ebusa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yaseShayina, ikhipha cishe amathani angu-2.0–2.2 e-CO₂ ngethani lensimbi eluhlaza - ephakeme kakhulu kunamathani angu-0.4–0.6 ngethani kusukela enkambisweni yomzila omfushane we-arc furnace kagesi evame ukusetshenziswa e-EU. Ngokusekelwe entengo yekhabhoni ye-EU engaba ngu-€88/tonne ekuqaleni kuka-2026, uma izibonelelo zamahhala seziqediwe ngokuphelele ngo-2034, izindleko ze-CBAM zokuthunyelwa kwensimbi e-EU zizokhuphuka ngo-€140–€160 ngethani. Uma izinkampani zingakwazi ukunikeza isimemezelo se-carbon footprint somkhiqizo esihambisana ne-CBAM futhi kumele zisebenzise izici zokukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-EU, izindleko zekhabhoni ngethani lensimbi zizokhuphuka ngo-RMB 400–700. Okushaqisayo nakakhulu ukuthi i-EU isivele icacisile ukuthi kusukela ngo-2028, imikhiqizo engaba ngu-180 yensimbi ne-aluminium engaphansi komhlaba izofakwa ekumbozweni kwe-CBAM, yandisa umthelela kusukela emikhiqizweni yensimbi eyisisekelo kuya ezimbonini zokukhiqiza ezingaphansi komhlaba.

II. Izinqubomgomo Zasekhaya Ziyaqina: Ukulawulwa Kwekhabhoni Ekabili kanye Nokugadwa Kwamandla Kwakha "Ukuhlasela Okuhlangene"

Unyaka ka-2026 futhi uwunyaka obalulekile ekushintsheni kwemboni yensimbi kusukela "ekulawulweni okubili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla" kuya "ekulawulweni okubili kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni." Ngomhlaka-13 Meyi, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhiphe isaziso sokuhlela ukuqapha ukonga amandla kwezimboni ngo-2026, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi zensimbi, izinsimbi ezingezona insimbi, amakhemikhali, neminye imikhakha. Abantu abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphathwa kwamandla embonini yensimbi kuyathuthuka kusukela emikhawulweni yokukhiqiza yokuphatha kuya ekuhlolweni okuhleliwe. Ukuphathwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo kuzokwenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, kufaka phakathi isikali sokukhiqiza, amazinga ezemvelo, amazinga okusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezindleko zekhabhoni.

Okwamanje, amanani ekhabhoni emakethe kazwelonke yekhabhoni yaseShayina ayaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngokusekelwe entengo yakamuva yemakethe yekhabhoni engu-RMB 82.56/tonne kanye nezinga lomkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini yensimbi elingamathani angu-2.3, izindleko zensimbi zizokhuphuka ngo-RMB 189/tonne. IKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke nayo ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi ngo-2026 izogxila ensimbini nakweminye imikhakha, iqhubekisele phambili ukonga amandla kanye nokulungiswa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni. Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-15 ludinga ngokucacile "ukuqinisa nokwenza ngcono izisekelo zokukhiqiza insimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu" kanye nokusebenzisa "ukulawula okubili kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni," okuqhuba ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ephansi embonini kusukela emibonisweni yokuhlola kuya ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile.

III. Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwe-Carbon Footprint: I-EU Ibeka Omunye "Umkhawulo Oluhlaza"

Ngomhlaka-1 kuMbasa 2026, i-Joint Research Centre yeKhomishini yaseYurophu yakhipha umbiko wobuchwepheshe onesihloko esithi Draft Environmental Performance Classes: Five Representative Intermediate Steel Products, ophakamisa okokuqala ngendlela ehlelekile indlela yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwe-carbon footprint yemikhiqizo yensimbi. Umbiko usetha amamaki amahlanu kusukela ku-A kuya ku-E, kanti iBanga A limele ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwekilasi. Lolu hlaka luhloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi sezenzo zesikhathi esizayo ze-EU Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation kanye nokusungula isisekelo sesikhungo sokuthengwa komphakathi okuluhlaza kwe-EU kanye nemakethe yensimbi ephansi ye-carbon.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, imikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi ethunyelwa e-EU kuzodingeka ihlangabezane hhayi nje kuphela nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zendabuko (njengesitifiketi se-API kanye ne-CE) kodwa futhi namazinga athile okusebenza kwe-carbon footprint. Idatha ye-carbon footprint ishintsha ngokushesha isuka "ebhonasini" iye "ethikithi lokungena."

IV. Imboni Isheshisa Isenzo: Kusukela Ekusungulweni Kwezinqubo Kuya Ezimbonini Ezingenawo Amakhabhoni

Ebhekene nokucindezeleka okuluhlaza kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, izimboni zensimbi namapayipi ensimbi zisheshisa ukuguquka kwazo kwekhabhoni ephansi.

Ngaphambi kwenqubo, UWang Guodong, isazi sezemfundo se-Chinese Academy of Engineering, waphawula ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi okuvamile okungenamthungo kuhilela ukuncibilikisa okuqhubekayo, ukubhoboza nokugingqa, kanye nezinyathelo eziningi zokuvuselela nokwelapha ukushisa. Inqubo ende, ehlukanisiwe iholela ekuchithweni kwamandla okushisa okuphindaphindiwe, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Uphakamise ukukhuthaza izinqubo ezihlangene, ezihlanganisiwe - ukubhoboza nokugingqa okuqondile kungaxhumanisa kahle ukubhoboza okuqhubekayo nokubhoboza, kusetshenziswa ukushisa okusele kwe-billet yokukhipha nokunciphisa ukufudumala okuphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze ukonga amandla okukhulu kanye nethuba lokunciphisa ikhabhoni.

Ngasohlangothini lobuchwepheshe, umugqa wokuqala wamathani ayisigidi wokuqala waseShayina ocishe ube yi-zero carbon steel usuqaliswe ngokuphelele eBaosteel Zhanjiang Iron & Steel. Ngokusebenzisa "i-hydrogen based shaft furnace direct reduced iron + scrap steel" njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa, kulindeleke ukuthi kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-50%–80% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zendabuko zomzila omude. I-ISO iphinde yashicilela iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephansi ezitshalweni zensimbi, igxile kubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo njengokunciphisa ngqo okusekelwe ku-hydrogen kanye nokwenza insimbi yesithando sikagesi se-arc kagesi esiseduze ne-zero carbon.

Ezingeni lebhizinisiAmapayipi ashisayo agoqwe kahle akhiqizwe emigqeni yokukhiqiza engu-460 no-159 yeBaotou Steel athole ngempumelelo isitifiketi sensimbi ekhipha ugesi ophansi evela kwi-China Iron and Steel Association, afinyelela izinga lokusebenza kahle kwekhabhoni i-E. I-Tianjin Pipe, enesimo sayo esiphindwe kabili njengebhizinisi lebanga A lokusebenza kwemvelo kanye nebhizinisi lase-China Industrial Carbon Peaking "Pacesetter", ithuthukisa ngokuphelele uguquko lwayo oluluhlaza. I-rolling mill yayo engu-168 iholele ekubuyiselweni okuphelele kokushisa komoya-mpilo kwesithando somlilo esizungezile, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo ngo-31.71% futhi inciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ kwaminyaka yonke cishe ngamathani angu-16,600, futhi ithole isitifiketi se-Type I 3 star "Zero Carbon Factory". Ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic okusatshalaliswa ophahleni esitshalweni sayo kunomthamo ophelele ongu-39.77 MW, okhiqiza ama-kWh ayizigidi ezingu-40 ngonyaka futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamathani angu-36,000 ngonyaka. Iqembu lezimboni zamapayipi ensimbi lendabuko eDaqiuzhuang, eSifundeni saseJinghai eTianjin, nalo lisheshisa uguquko lwalo oluluhlaza – inkampani eyodwa yamapayipi ensimbi esungulwe nge-galvanised yazixhasa ngemali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-RMB ezingama-25 ukuze kulungiswe imvelo futhi yabekwa njengebhizinisi lebanga A lokusebenza kahle kwemvelo.

V. Okuluhlaza kanye neKhabhoni Ephansi: Ubukhulu Obusha Bokuncintisana Bokuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe Kwepayipi Lensimbi

Ngaphansi kwezingcindezi ezintathu zentela ye-CBAM, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yekhabhoni yasekhaya, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-carbon footprint ye-EU, ikhono eliluhlaza kanye neliphansi lekhabhoni selibe yinzuzo eyinhloko yokuncintisana kwabathumeli bamapayipi ensimbi.

Ohlangothini lwe-supply chain, amaphrojekthi amaningi e-EPC aphesheya kanye namakhasimende ezimboni adinga abaphakeli ukuthi banikeze idatha ye-carbon footprint yomkhiqizo. Ipulatifomu yesevisi yomphakathi yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka nge-carbon eluhlaza kanye ne-carbon ephansi eqhutshwa yi-Ouyeel Cloud Commerce ixhumanise izikhungo zezezimali eziyi-16, yethule imikhiqizo yezezimali eluhlaza engu-29, futhi yamboza imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-RMB eziyi-1.6 zezikweletu eziluhlaza. Ukuphathwa kwe-carbon footprint kushintsha kusuka ezindlekweni zokuthobela imithetho kuya empahleni yesikweletu.

Ngasohlangothini lomkhiqizo, ngezidingo ze-EU CBAM ezibophayo ezinyathelweni zekhabhoni yomkhiqizo wensimbi kanye nezidingo ezicacile zoHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-15 lokuguqulwa kwezimboni, ukuguquka kwekhabhoni ephansi kube yindlela ebalulekile yentuthuko esimeme yamabhizinisi amapayipi ensimbi. Abahlinzeki abakwazi ukudalula idatha ye-khabhoni nokusiza amaklayenti ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokuthobela i-CBAM bazothola inzuzo enkulu emncintiswaneni wemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.

I-Sanonpipeibilokhu yamukela i-"Green & Low Carbon" njengenye yezindinganiso zayo eziyinhloko futhi isebenzisa ngenkuthalo izimiso zentuthuko esimeme. Le nkampani igcina isitoko esihlala njalo se-Amathani angu-20,000 of amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy, amapayipi ensimbi yekhabhoni, amapayipi angenamthungo, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, kanye nezingxenye ezingenalutho, ukumbozaamapayipi ebhoyila (I-ASTM A335 P92/I-P91/P22/P11/P5; I-ASME SA106/SA179/SA192/I-SA210), Amapayipi omugqa we-API 5L (GR.B/X42/X52/I-X60), EN10210/EN10219 S355JOH/S355J2H amapayipi ahlanganisiwefuthiizingxenye ezingenalutho, phakathi kwezinye izigaba zomkhiqizo. Le nkampani inezitifiketi eziyinhloko ezifaka phakathiI-API, i-CE, kanye ne-ISO 9001:2015, futhi isebenzisa ilabhorethri egunyaziwe yi-CNAS eneizindawo zokuhlola zangaphakathi ezingaphezu kuka-240ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ngokuphathelene nokukhanya okuluhlaza kanye nokukhanya okuphansi, iSanonpipe inikezaidatha ye-carbon footprintngemikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko ukusiza amaklayenti ekubikeni kokuthobela imithetho ye-EU CBAM kanye nezimfuneko zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-ESG. Le nkampani iyayamukelaindawo yokugcina impahla ephethwe yi-WMS yangaphakathiukunciphisa ukugqwala kanye nokungcola, ikhethaukupakishwa okungasetshenziswa kabusha, futhi yenza ngcono ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LCL ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, isekele ngenkuthalo amakhasimende ekwakheni izintambo zokuphakelwa eziluhlaza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isebenzisa amakhono okuthumela amachweba amaningi (iTianjin, iQingdao, iShanghai) kanyeUkulethwa kwe-oda eliphuthumayo lezinsuku eziyi-7-15, iSanonpipe izibophezele ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende omhlaba wonke ngesisombululo sepayipi lensimbi esisodwa esimelelaAmazinga Aphezulu, Ukulethwa Okusheshayo, Ingozi Engekho, kanye ne-Green & Low Carbon.

I-Sanonpipe

Isitoko Esilungile: Amathani angu-20,000amapayipi angenamthungo ensimbi ye-alloy ne-carbon, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, kanye nezingxenye ezingenalutho

Imikhiqizo Eyinhloko:

Amapayipi ebhoyila: ASTM A335 P92/P91/P22/P11/P5; ASME SA106/SA179/SA192/SA210

Amapayipi Omugqa Angenamthungo: I-API 5L GR.B / X42 / X52 / X60 (1/2″–24″ OD)

Amapayipi Ashiselwe kanye Nezingxenye Ezingenalutho: EN10210/EN10219 S355JOH/S355J2H, EN10217 P235TR1/P265TR1

Izitifiketi: CE, ISO 9001:2015; Ilebhu egunyaziwe yi-CNAS; ukwesekwa kwe-L/C okungekho mehluko;idatha ye-carbon footprint yomkhiqizo iyatholakala
Ukulethwa: Izinsuku zokusebenza ezijwayelekile eziyi-15-30; ama-oda aphuthumayoIzinsuku eziyi-7-15

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