1. Ukubuka Okujwayelekile

I-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 indinganiso eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke yokukhethwa kwezinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi eziqukethe i-H₂S. Ishicilelwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-NACE International (manje eyi-AMPP) kanye ne-International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ukubuyekezwa kwamanje okusebenzayo yi-ANSI/NACE MR0175-2021/ISO 15156:2020.

Ukusungulwa kwaleli zinga kuvela ekucindezelweni kwemboni ekubunjweni okujulile kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezikude kakhulu zasogwini. Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwamasimu kawoyela negesi omuncu kukhuphuka, ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-hydrogen sulfide sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu—ikakhulukazi ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwe-sulfide (SSC), okungabangela ukwehluleka kokuqhekeka kwezinsimbi ze-carbon ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nezinsimbi eziphansi, okuholela ezigamekweni ezimbi kakhulu.

2. Isakhiwo Esijwayelekile kanye Nobubanzi

Indinganiso ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, ihlanganiswe ibe ifayela elilodwa le-PDF, futhi ifaka phakathi ama-Technical Circulars amaningi ashicilelwe ngo-2021 nango-2022:

Ingxenye	Ububanzi	Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko
Ingxenye 1	Izimiso Ezijwayelekile	Ichaza indawo emuncu, izimiso eziyisisekelo zokukhetha izinto, izindlela zokufaneleka
Ingxenye 2	Izinsimbi ze-Carbon kanye ne-Low-Alloy	Imikhawulo yokuqina (≤22 HRC), izidingo zokushisela, ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali
Ingxenye 3	Ama-CRA kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-alloy	Imikhawulo yemvelo ngomndeni we-alloy (izinga lokushisa, i-pH₂S, ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride)

Indinganiso isebenza emishinini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kukawoyela negesi kanye nasezitshalweni zokunambitheka kwegesi yemvelo lapho ukwehluleka kungaba yingozi empilweni nasekuphepheni komphakathi kanye nabasebenzi noma emvelweni. Ibhekana nazo zonke izindlela zokuqhekeka ezibangelwa yi-H₂S, okuhlanganisa i-SSC, i-SCC, i-HIC, i-SWC, nezinye.

3. Incazelo Yendawo Enobuthi

Ngokwezinga elijwayelekile, lapho ingcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S esigabeni segesi idlula i-0.3 kPa (0.05 psia), indawo ezungezile ihlukaniswa njengemuncu, edinga ukukhethwa kwezinto ngokwezidingo zezinga.

Imishini esebenzayo ihlanganisa izindawo zokusebenzisa amanzi, izihlahla zikaKhisimusi, izinhlelo zamapayipi, abahlukanisi, imigqa yokugeleza ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezingenhla, kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi ezithutha ama-hydrocarbon amunyu.

4. Izidingo Ezibalulekile Zezinto Ezibalulekile

Izinsimbi Zekhabhoni Nezingenawo Umanyolo Ophansi (Ingxenye 2)

Insimbi eyisisekelo, insimbi eshibiliwe, kanye nobunzima be-HAZ akumele kudlule ama-HRC angu-22 (248 HV10)

Ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushiswa (i-PWHT) kuyimpoqo

Kudingeka ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-chemistry

Ama-alloy Amelana Nokugqwala (Ingxenye 3)

Izinto ezivame ukufaneleka zifaka: i-316 SS, ama-alloy angu-6-moly, i-2507 duplex SS, i-Alloy 825, i-Alloy 625, i-Alloy C-276, kanye ne-Alloy 400. Ngayinye inemingcele ethile yemvelo yokushisa, ingcindezi engaphelele ye-H₂S, kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-chloride.

5. Izibuyekezo Eziyinhloko kanye Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Uhlelo luka-2021/2020 luhlale luhambisana nesakhiwo sohlelo luka-2003, kanye nokubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo nge-Technical Circulars. Ngo-2018, amakomidi abusayo avumelana ngokuthi kwakudingeka ukubhala kabusha okukhulu ukuze kulungiswe ukusetshenziswa kalula futhi kufakwe intuthuko embonini.

Inguqulo ebhalwe kabusha ngokuphelele okwamanje iyavotelwa futhi ishicilelwa yi-ISO, yahlelwa kabusha yaba izingxenye ezintathu ezintsha:

Ingxenye 1: Izidingo zezinto zokwakha kanye nokucubungula

Ingxenye 2: Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yesevisi kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto

Ingxenye 3: Izimfuneko zokuqinisekisa, iziqu, kanye nokuvota

Inguqulo entsha inikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezinqubo zokuhlola i-H₂S, okuhlanganisa nesiqondiso mayelana nokuthatha amasampula, ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuhlola, kanye nezinga lokuhlolwa elidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umkhiqizo.

6. Ukubaluleka Okusebenzayo

I-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 isebenza njengesisekelo esiyisisekelo sokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ekuthuthukisweni kwensimu kawoyela omuncu kanye negesi. Indinganiso igcizelela ukuthi ayikho insimbi engagqwali engavikeleki ngokuphelele ekuqhekekeni kokugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride—ukuqonda kahle imikhawulo ye-alloy kubalulekile ekukhethweni kwezinto zokwakha ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu izinto zokwakha. Imishini ethinteka kakhulu ekugqwaleni, njengama-valve, izinto zokufaka, kanye nezinsimbi, idinga ukuhambisana ngokuqinile nendinganiso. Zonke izinto zokusebenza zomuncu kumele zigcine ukulandeleka okugcwele, ngezitifiketi zokuhlola umshini wokugaya eziqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, ukuhambisana namakhemikhali, kanye nesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa.

Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwensimu kawoyela negesi emuncu, ukukhethwa kwezinto kulandela kakhulu indinganiso ye-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156. Le ndinganiso "umthetho wegolide" wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini ezindaweni eziqukethe i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Ihlanganisa yonke imishini nezingxenye eziqukethe umfutho, kusukela ezindaweni eziyinhloko yemithombo kuya kumayunithi okucubungula angaphansi komfula.

Imishini ye-Wellhead kanye ne-downhole: imishini ye-wellhead, i-tube kanye ne-casing strings (i-production tube, i-casing).

Izingxenye zamapayipi nokuxhuma: ipayipi lomugqa elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uwoyela negesi ibanga elide, isibonelo,Ibanga le-API 5L X65 ipayipi lomugqa, njll.

Imishini yokucubungula nokudlulisa umphezulu: imikhumbi yokucindezela, abahlukanisi – imishini equkethe ingcindezi esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa nokucubungula uwoyela/igesi.

Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo engenhla, indinganiso ihlanganisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokwakha, okuhlanganisa insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engaphansi kwe-alloy, insimbi engagqwali, kanye ne-alloys esekelwe ku-nickel.