Whakarāpopototanga
I te anga whakamua o te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro (CBAM) a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi ki te whakatinanatanga katoa i te tau 2026, kua whanake te tapuwae waro hua mai i te inenga pūrongo kawenga pāpori a te kamupene ki tētahi tohu tutuki pakari e whakatau ana i ngā whakataunga hoko me ngā utu hokohoko mō ngā kawemai o Ūropi. Mō ngā kaihanga ehara i te EU e whai ana ki te pupuri, ki te whakawhānui rānei i tō rātou aroaro i te mākete Ūropi, kāore he kōwhiringa ki te whakarato raraunga tapuwae waro tika—he mea nui kia ora ai. Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whanaketanga ture hou i roto i te EU, ā, ka tūhuratia te tūranga nui o ngā raraunga tapuwae waro i roto i te anga CBAM me tōna pānga nui ki ngā mekameka tuku o te ao.

1. Kupu Whakataki: Ina riro te Tapuwae Waro hei "Uruwhenua Tuarua" mā te Tari Taake

Ko te whakaurunga o te wā whakawhiti CBAM i te 1 o Oketopa, 2023, i tohu i te tīmatanga mana o te wā "whakahaerehia e te waro" i roto i te hokohoko o te ao. Ehara tēnei tikanga i te taripa tuku iho engari he kaupapa here āhuarangi e hangai ana ki ngā tukunga kua whakauruhia mai i ngā hua kawemai.

Mō ngā kaihoko kawemai o Ūropi, kua piki ake te hiranga o te tapuwae waro hei paearu hoko matua i te taha o te utu me te kounga. I te taenga mai o te CBAM ki tōna wā whakamutunga i te 1 o Hānuere, 2026, me hoko e ngā kaihoko kawemai, me tuku hoki i ngā tiwhikete CBAM mō ia tana o ngā tukunga kua whakauruhia ki roto i ā rātou taonga kawemai. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ko te tapuwae waro o tētahi hua te mea e whakatau tika ana i ngā utu tutuki a te kaihoko kawemai me te whakataetae mākete.

2. He aha te mea tino hira ai te tapuwae waro mō ngā kaihoko kawemai o Ūropi?

1. Whakatau tika i ngā utu kawemai me ngā tawhē hua
E hono ana te utu o ngā tiwhikete CBAM ki te Pūnaha Hokohoko Tukunga a te EU (EU ETS), e tata ana ki te €60 ki te €80 mō ia tana o te CO₂ i tēnei wā. Mō ngā rāngai e whakamahi nui ana i te pūngao pērā i te maitai, te konumohe, me te sima, ka nui ake te utu o ngā taonga kawemai mai i tēnei utu.
Mena kāore e taea e te kaiwhakarato ehara i te EU te whakarato i ngā raraunga tukunga tuturu tika, ka akiakihia te kaihoko kawemai o te EU ki te whakamahi i ngā uara taunoa i whakatakotoria e te Komihana o Europi. Ko te tikanga, ko ēnei uara e ahu mai ana i te 10% o ngā whare e mahi kino ana, ā, he nui te whakanui. Mā te whakamahi i ngā uara taunoa ka akiakihia ngā kaihoko kawemai ki te hoko atu i ngā tiwhikete, ka pēhi tika i ā rātou tawhē hua. Nō reira, ko te whakarato i ngā raraunga waro-iti tika he mea nui mō ngā kaiwhakarato ehara i te EU hei āwhina i ā rātou kiritaki Pākehā ki te whakaiti i ngā utu.

2. Te Whakaiti i ngā Mōrearea Whakatutukitanga me ngā Whiu Ture
Mai i te tau 2026, ka whai manatoko motuhake ngā whakapuakitanga CBAM a te hunga tuatoru. Ko ngā kaihoko kawemai te kawenga mō te pono o ngā raraunga kua whakapuakina. Mā ngā raraunga tapuwae waro hē, hapa rānei mai i ngā kaiwhakarato ka tūpono ngā kaihoko kawemai ki ngā whiu mai i ngā mana whakahaere. Ko ngā kamupene e kore e tuku tiwhikete rawaka i te wā tika ka whiua ki ngā whiu o te €10 ki te €50 mō ia tana o ngā tukunga kore i pūrongohia. Nō reira, ko ngā kaihoko kawemai Pākehā ka tautoko i ngā kaiwhakarato me te whakahaere raraunga waro mārama, ka taea te whai, ka taea te manatoko.

3. Te Whakautu ki te Aroturukitanga o te Mekameka Tuku me ngā Mahi Ārai-Huri
Nō nā tata nei, kua whakaarohia e te EU ngā whakarerekētanga ture hei whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o te CBAM kia uru atu ai ngā hua o raro iho i hangaia mai i te maitai me te konumohe, pērā i ngā tīwiri, ngā pūtu, ngā wira, ngā wāhanga mīhini, me ngā taputapu whare. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ahakoa te kaweake i ngā taonga kua oti, ki te kore e mārama te tapuwae waro o ngā rauemi mata o runga ake (pērā i ngā pereti maitai), ka mōrearea te tutuki o te mekameka tuku katoa. Hei tāpiri, mō ngā kawemai mai i ngā rohe e kiia ana he nui te mōrearea mō te karo, me whakarato e ngā kaikawemai he taunakitanga mō te takenga mai o te whakaputanga me te pono o te tukanga. Kua noho hei mea nui te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha aroturuki waro mekameka katoa—mai i te maina ki te wheketere—hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea hokohoko.

3. Te Kēmu Raraunga: Ngā Uara Taunoa me ngā Uara Tūturu

E rua ngā tikanga matua a te CBAM mō te tatau i ngā tukunga:

Tātaitanga (Ngā Uara Tūturu): I runga i ngā raraunga whakapaunga tūturu (hiko, wahie, rauemi) mai i te raina whakaputa.

Aromatawai (Ngā Uara Taunoa): Mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga tohutoro i whakaputaina e te EU.

He mārama te ia o ngā ture o te EU: te whakakorenga i ngā uara taunoa hei whakamahi i ngā raraunga tūturu. Ahakoa e āhei ana te whakangawaritanga o te "Omnibus" tata nei ki te whakamahi tonu i ngā uara taunoa i ētahi wā, ko te whakawhirinaki ki a rātou ko te tuku i te mana whakahaere ki te arotau i ngā utu. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā kaihanga e whakamahi ana i te hiko matomato me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga hei whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae waro ka taea te whakarato raraunga tūturu, ka whakaiti nui i te utu o ngā tiwhikete CBAM mō ngā kawemai o te EU. Mā tēnei ka waiho hei kaupapa matua mō te hoko ahakoa te tuku i te utu kua whakahuatia.

4. Te Pānga o te Āhua: Ka Haere te Pēhanga Waro ki Runga i te Mekameka Tuku

Kāore te pānga o CBAM e mutu noa i te kaihokohoko tika; ka horapa hōhonu ki roto i te mekameka tuku.

Ngā Ture mō ngā Taonga Uaua: Mō ngā "taonga uaua" (ngā hua i tukatukahia mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi o runga), me whakauru ki te tataunga tapuwae waro ngā tukunga kua whakauruhia mai i aua rauemi whakauru.

Ngā Whakatikatika mō te Para: Ko ngā whakaaro hou nei e kī ana kia whakaarohia ngā tukunga mai i ngā para maitai me te konumohe i mua i te whakamahinga o te maitai me te konumohe ina whakamahia hei whakaurunga.

Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me tatau noa e te kaihanga wāhanga waka Hainamana e kaweake ana ki Ūropi ngā tukunga mai i tana ake wheketere, engari me tono hoki i ngā raraunga maitai waro-iti kua whakamanahia mai i ana kaiwhakarato o runga. Ko ngā kaihanga kāore e taea te whakarato i ngā raraunga waro o runga ka tangohia mai i ngā mekameka tuku taonga teitei o Ūropi.

5. Te Rautaki "Whakangāwari me te Whakahōhonu" a te EU: Te Wetewete i ngā Tohu

I te Hui-tanguru 2025, i whakaarohia e te Komihana o Ūropi ngā whakangawaritanga mā te mōkihi "Omnibus", me te whakauru i te paepae de minimis 50-tana-ia-tau. E matapaetia ana ka tukuna atu i tēnei te 90% o ngā kawemai me te kapi tonu i te 99% o ngā tukunga taketake i roto i te whānuitanga.

E rua ngā tohu mārama e tukuna ana e tēnei whakarerekētanga āhua taupatupatu:

Te Whakatinanatanga Whaiaro: Ko te whāinga a te EU he arotahi i tana kaha ture ki ngā kaituku nui, kaua ki te whiu i ngā SME. Mō ngā kaihokohoko taonga nui, kua kaha ake te pēhanga ture, nā te mea kua nui ake te kukū o ngā rauemi ture.

Te Āraitanga o te Utu Waro: Ahakoa kua whakaroahia te herenga pūtea ki te hoko tiwhikete ki te tau 2027, kei te haere mai. Ka noho mana te waro hei take whakaputa i runga i ngā pepa toenga kamupene.

6. Whakamutunga: Te Hanga Pūkenga Raraunga Waro hei Whakapūmau i te Mākete Pākehā

Ko te whakatinanatanga katoa o te CBAM te tohu o te tīmatanga mana o te wā "Whakataetae Waro-Iti". Mō ngā kaihokohoko e aro ana ki te EU, ehara i te mea he tūemi rārangi noa iho ngā raraunga tapuwae waro i roto i te pūrongo tauwhiro ā-tau; he rawa rautaki nui hoki mō te pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga kiritaki me te whakarite i te urunga ki te mākete.

Ko ngā mahi matua mā ngā kamupene ko:

Te whakatinana i ngā Pūhara Whakahaere Waro Mamati hei neke atu i ngā rarangi waro whakahaere ki te kaute waro taumata hua taipitopito.

Te Whakamahi i te Aroturukitanga "Mā te Mekameka Tuku" mā te whakahau kia whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato o runga ake ngā raraunga tukunga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga CBAM.

 Te rapu manatoko tuatoru hei whakarato raraunga pono hei āwhina i ngā kaihoko kawemai o Ūropi ki te whakaiti i ō rātou mōrearea tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te hanga tahi i tētahi mekameka tuku matomato, pumau, me te whakataetae.

 Ko ngā kamupene e kaha ana ki te whakapakari i ō rātou pūkenga raraunga waro, ka whiwhi i tētahi painga tuatahi e kore e taea te whakahē i roto i te mākete Pākehā a meake nei.