1. Zinthu Zazikulu: Chiyambi chaChitoliro cha A335 P91 Alloy

A335 P91ndichitsulo cha aloyi cha ferriticChitoliro chogwirizana ndi muyezo wa ASTM A335. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi 9% Chromium ndi 1% Molybdenum, yokhala ndi zowonjezera zazing'ono za Vanadium, Niobium, ndi Nayitrogeni (ndiye dzina lakuti P91). Kudzera mu njira yosinthira kutentha ndi kutenthetsa, imapeza kapangidwe kake kapadera komwe kamapereka mawonekedwe osayerekezeka a makina pansi pa kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 600°C ndi kupitirira apo) komanso mikhalidwe ya kupanikizika kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zachikhalidwe.mapaipi achitsulo cha alloymonga P22 kapena P11, P91 imalola makoma opyapyala okhala ndi mphamvu yofanana yopangira, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zida, kusunga ndalama zogulira, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha.

Mawu Ofunika: Chitoliro cha aloyi,A335 P91,Chitsulo cha Chrome-Moly,Chitoliro Chotentha Kwambiri,Chitoliro Chosasokonekera,Mapaipi Amphamvu,ASTM A335

2. Magawo Ofunika Kwambiri Mumsika wa ku India

Malo Opangira Mphamvu Zotentha:Iyi ndi ntchito yayikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri ya P91mapaipi a aloyiku India. Pamene India ikulimbikitsa kumanga magetsi amphamvu kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa, zinthu za P91 zakhala chisankho chabwino kwambirimizere yayikulu ya nthunzindibweretsani kutentha mapaipi otenthaKutha kwake kupirira nthunzi yamagetsi yokhala ndi ma parameter ambiri (nthawi zambiri kupanikizika >22MPa, kutentha >560°C) ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa magetsi.

Makampani Opanga Mafuta:M'malo oyeretsera ndi mafakitale a mankhwala, mapaipi a P91 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ofunikira mongaKuphwanya kwa Madzi Oyambitsa Madzi (FCC)ndiMayunitsi opangira madzi, yogwira ntchito ndi madzi ndi ma hydrocarbon otentha kwambiri, opanikizika kwambiri, komanso owononga.

 

Gawo la Mphamvu za Nyukiliya:P91mapaipi achitsulo cha alloypezani ntchito m'makina ena othandizira a zomera za nyukiliya, monga makina otenthetsera otentha kwambiri, ngakhale kuti pali zofunikira kwambiri.

Magawo Ena a Mafakitale:Kuphatikizapo kupanga ma boiler, machubu a ng'anjo ya mafakitale, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanamapaipi opangira njiramachitidwe omwe amafuna kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kupanikizika.

 

3. Zoyambitsa Msika ndi Mavuto

Oyendetsa:

Kufunika kwa Mphamvu:Chuma cha India chomwe chikukula mofulumira chimapangitsa kuti magetsi achepe kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo atsopano opangira magetsi ogwira ntchito bwino.

 

Kukweza Mphamvu:Ukadaulo wopitilira muyeso ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa gawo lamagetsi ku India, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa akatswiri otsogolamapaipi a aloyingati P91.

Ndalama Zoyendetsera Ntchito Zomangamanga:Kupitiriza kuyika ndalama kwa boma mu zomangamanga zamafakitale ndi zamagetsi kumapereka chitukuko cha nthawi yayitali pamsika.

Kupanga Zinthu Kwapafupi:Pulogalamu ya "Make in India" imalimbikitsa opanga mapaipi am'nyumba kuti awonjezere luso lawo laukadaulo kuti apange zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.mapaipi opanda msoko, kuchepetsa kudalira zinthu zochokera kunja.

 

Mavuto:

 

Mtengo Wapamwamba:Zipangizo zovuta komanso njira zopangira zinthu za P91mapaipi a aloyizimapangitsa kuti mtengo wake ukhale wokwera kwambiri kuposa mapaipi wamba achitsulo cha kaboni.

Zofunikira Zolimba Zowotcherera:Kuwotcherera mapaipi a P91 kumafuna kutenthetsa kokhwima, kuwongolera kutentha pakati pa mapaipi, ndi Chithandizo cha Kutentha Pambuyo pa Kuwotcherera (PWHT). Kumafuna akatswiri aluso kwambiri, chifukwa njira zosayenerera zingayambitse kulephera.

Kudalira Kutumiza Zinthu:Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya m'deralo ikukwera, mapaipi ena a P91 apamwamba kwambiri amadalirabe zinthu zochokera ku Europe, China, ndi zina zotero.

Kusiyana kwa Ubwino:Kusasinthasintha kwa khalidwe la zinthu pamsika kumapangitsa kuti kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikutsatira kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, ndi miyezo ya momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pochiza kutentha zikhale zofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha polojekiti.

 

4. Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo

M'zaka zikubwerazi, pamene India ikupitiliza kukulitsa mphamvu zake zopangira magetsi komanso maziko a mafakitale, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kukukulirakulira.mapaipi a aloyingatiA335 P91akuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula bwino. Zochitika pamsika zidzadalira zinthu zapamwamba komanso zodalirika zomwe zimapezeka m'deralo. Nthawi yomweyo, msika waukulu wothandizira pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zonse za mapaipi, kuphatikizapo ntchito zowotcherera ndi kuwunika, udzawonekera. Opanga omwe angathe kupereka zinthu zapamwamba za P91 zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga ASTM, ASME) adzakhala pamalo abwino pamsika wamphamvuwu waku India.