India, monga imodzi mwa mayiko omwe akukula mofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ili ndi gawo lopanga ma boiler lomwe likukwera chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa magetsi komanso kukula kwa mafakitale. Makampaniwa akulamulidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu ochepa omwe amapereka zida zofunika kwambiri m'magawo akuluakulu monga kupanga magetsi, petrochemicals, ndi feteleza. Pomanga ma boiler awa, mapaipi achitsulo a chrome-molybdenum alloy omwe amagwirizana ndi muyezo wa ASTM A335 ndi "njira zofunika kwambiri." Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha mphamvu ndi luso laukadaulo lamakampaniwa.

Opanga Mabotolo Otsogola ku India

1.Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

Kampani ya boma komanso mtsogoleri wosadziwika bwino mu gawo la zida zamagetsi ku India, BHEL imapanga ma boiler osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mafakitale ang'onoang'ono mpaka akuluakulu a mafakitale amphamvu kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri. Ndi mapulojekiti ku India ndi padziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira kwa BHEL kwa zipangizo zapamwamba n'kwakukulu.

2.Monga kampani yotsogola yopereka mayankho a mphamvu ndi chilengedwe, Thermax imadziwika chifukwa cha machitidwe ake a boiler ogwira ntchito bwino komanso aukhondo. Zinthu zake zimaphatikizapo boilers zoyatsira malasha, zoyatsira gasi, zoyatsira biomass, ndi zoyatsira kutentha zinyalala, zomwe zimatumikira magawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale.

3.Larsen & Toubro (L&T) - Gawo la Boiler

Monga imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo ndi zomangamanga ku India, gawo la ma boiler la L&T lili ndi udindo waukulu pamsika waukulu wa ma boiler amagetsi ndi mafakitale. Luso lake lamphamvu laukadaulo komanso kuchita mapulojekiti akuluakulu zimapangitsa kuti likhale lofunika kwambiri.

4.Cethar Vessels Limited

Kampani ya Cethar Vessels, yomwe ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga ma boiler, ili ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri m'gawo lamagetsi ku India, makamaka ma boiler apakati mpaka akuluakulu.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mapaipi a Chitsulo cha A335 Alloy

1. N’chifukwa chiyani mapaipi a A335 amapangidwa?

Mapaipi achitsulo a alloy omwe ali pansi pa muyezo wa A335 (omwe amadziwika kuti ma grade monga P91, P92, P11, P22) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ofunikira a boilers chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo yabwino kwambiri yotentha, kukana kugwedezeka, komanso kukana kusungunuka kwa okosijeni. Ntchito zazikulu ndi izi:

Ma Superheaters: Kumene nthunzi yokhuta imatenthedwa ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapaipi azitentha kwambiri.

Zotenthetsera: Zomwe zimatenthetseranso nthunzi pambuyo poti zagwira ntchito mu turbine kuti ziwongolere kugwira ntchito bwino.

Mapaipi Akuluakulu a Nthunzi: Kunyamula nthunzi yotentha kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri kuchokera ku boiler kupita ku turbine.

2. Kusanthula kwa Makhalidwe Ogwiritsira Ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo cha A335 ndi opanga ma boiler aku India n'kokwera kwambiri ndipo kumawonetsa makhalidwe awa:

Mogwirizana ndi Mulingo wa Pulojekiti ndi Giredi: Boiler yayikulu ya supercritical power plant (monga unit ya 660 MW) ingafunike matani mazana kapena zikwizikwi aA335 P91/P92Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, boiler yaying'ono yamafakitale ingagwiritse ntchito matani ochepa okha.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zapamwamba Kwambiri: Pamene India ikusintha kupita ku ukadaulo wogwira ntchito bwino, wochepa mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya woipa komanso wochepa mphamvu, kufunikira kwa zinthu zapamwamba monga A335 P91 ndi P92 kukukulirakulira mofulumira. Zipangizozi zimalola kuti pakhale nthunzi yambiri (kutentha ndi kupanikizika), motero zikuwonjezera mphamvu ya zomera.

Kudalira Zinthu Zonse Zochokera Kunja ndi Kupanga Kwathu: Makampani ena achitsulo aku India (monga ISMT) amatha kupanga magiredi ena a A335 (monga P11, P22). Komabe, pa magiredi ovuta kwambiri monga P91 ndi P92, padakali kudalira kwambiri zinthu zochokera ku China, Europe, ndi Japan chifukwa cha ubwino ndi kuthekera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kasamalidwe ka unyolo woperekera katundu ndi kuwongolera ndalama zikhale zovuta kwambiri kwa opanga ma boiler.

Kusakhazikika kwa Kufunika kwa Msika: Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe India imagwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Kufunika kwa mapaipi a A335 kumawonjezeka panthawi yomwe boma likufuna kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito malasha kapena ndalama zambiri m'mafakitale.

Opanga ma boiler otsogola ku India, monga BHEL, Thermax, ndi L&T, ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika wa ma boiler padziko lonse lapansi. Kukula kwawo kukugwirizana kwambiri ndi tsogolo la mphamvu ku India ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Mapaipi achitsulo a A335, monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zawo zazikulu, amawona kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe sikungoyerekeza kukula kwa bizinesi ya makampani awa komanso barometer ya chitukuko cha zomangamanga zamafakitale ku India ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Poyang'ana mtsogolo, kufunafuna ukadaulo wamphamvu wothandiza komanso woyeretsa kukuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kufunikira kwa mapaipi apamwamba a A335.