— Gwaro Rakakwana reNyukireya neMagetsi eRussia ane Tembiricha Yakakwira, uye Anodzvinyirira Zvakanyanya

Sanonpipe - Mutengesi Wako Akavimbika weRussian ТУ Standard Boiler Tubes

I. Kugadzika Kwemasisitimu: "Chinhu Chakakosha Chehunyanzvi" cheMachubhu eBoiler eNyukireya neThermal Power

ТУ 3-923-75imhando yehunyanzvi yakatsaurirwa (ТУ - Technical Conditions) yakagadzirwa neRussia yemapaipi esimbi asina musono anoshandiswa mumasisitimu eboiler yesimba renyukireya uye masisitimu echigadzirwa chesimba rekupisaKusiyana nezvinodiwa zvenyika (ГОСТ), zvinodiwa zveTC zvinowanzogadzirirwa mashandisirwo chaiwo emaindasitiri, zvichiisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvakanyanya uye zvakanangana.

Mutemo uyu unonyanya kushandiswa nevagadziri vakuru vemichina mikuru vekuRussia vakaita seНКМЗ (Novokramatorsk Machine-Building Plant)uye ndeimwe yemitemo mikuru yemasisitimu emapaipi anodziya zvakanyanya uye ane simba repamusoro muzvikamu zvesimba renyukireya nekupisa muRussia. MuRussia nemumusika weCIS, chiyero ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamapaipi makuru emhepo yenyukireya, machubhu eboiler superheater, machubhu ekudziisazve, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvakakosha, zvichiita kuti ive hwaro hwakakosha hwehunyanzvi hwekutenga mapombi mukugadzira simba renyukireya nekupisa.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvechiyero ichi: ТУ 3-923-75 inoisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba pakuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwemakanika, maitiro ekurapa kupisa, uye kudzora kusanganiswa kwesimbi, ichivimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka kwenguva refu mumamiriro ekushanda akaipisisa ezviteshi zvemagetsi enyukireya uye mayuniti akakosha.

Kuumbwa kwezvinhu: Standard iyi inonyanya kusanganisira magiredhi maviri makuru -16ГС (16GS)simbi yekuvaka isina alloy yakawanda uye15Х1М1Ф (15Kh1M1F)simbi isingapisi nekupisa ine alloy shoma.

II. Zvinhu 16ГС (16GS) zvakadzama - Simbi Yekuvaka Yakasimba-Simbi Yesimba Rakaderera

16ГС(Kushandurwa kwemutauro wechiLatin:16GS) isimbi yekuvaka ine simba rakawanda ine alloy shoma pasi pehurongwa hweRussian standard, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira bhaira, midziyo yekumanikidza, uye zvikamu zvekuvaka zvakasungirirwa.

Magiredhi akaenzana epasi rose:

Sisitimu Yakajairika	Giredhi rakaenzana	Mashoko
China (GB)	Q345D(kare16Mn)	Simbi yakasimba ine simba rakaderera
Zvepasi rose	Simbi yesimbi yakadzika-chiwanikwa Mn-Si system	—

Kuumbwa kwemakemikari (wt%): Isimbi ine kabhoni shoma, ine manganese yakawanda ine kabhoni ≤0.20%, manganese 1.30–1.70%, uye silicon 0.50–0.80%, inopa kuchinjika kwakanaka uye kusimba kwekupisa kwakaderera.

Hunhu hwemakanika:

Simba rekudhonza: 470–640 MPa

Simba remugoho: 305–345 MPa (zvichienderana nekukora)

Kusimba kwemhedzisiro yekupisa kwakaderera: kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvemhedzisiro yemhedzisiro ye -40°C

Maitiro akajairika:

Masisitimu epombi dzeboiler muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvenyukireya nekupisa

Zvimiro zvemaboiler emhepo nemidziyo yekumanikidza

Midziyo yekumanikidza yakasungirirwa uye zvivakwa zvesimbi

Hunhu hwezvinhu: 16ГС zvinhukuchinjika kwakanaka kwazvo, kusimba kwakanaka pakupisa kwakaderera, uye simba rakawanda, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa mapombi ebhoyira mukushandisa simba renyukireya nekupisa.

III. Zvinhu 15Х1М1Ф (15Kh1M1F) Zvakadzama - Simbi Inodzivirira Kupisa Yakaderera

15Х1М1Ф(Kushandurwa kwemutauro wechiLatin:15Kh1M1F) isimbi isingapise kupisa ine alloy shoma pasi pehurongwa hweRussian standard, inonyanya kuiswa panzvimbo yesimba renyukireya uye rekupisa rinopisa zvakanyanya, sevhisi yekupisa yakakwira, ine kumanikidzwa kwakakwiraSimbi iyi inosimbiswa nekupisa ine zvinhu zvakaita sechromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), uye vanadium (V) kuti iwedzere simba remvura inotsvedza pakupisa kwakakwira, kuramba kuoxidation, uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu.

Kupatsanurwa kwemazita ezvinhu: 15inoratidza huwandu hwekabhoni hunosvika 0.15%,Хinomirira chromium (Cr),1kana chromium iri mukati me1%,Мye molybdenum (Mo),1yehuwandu hwemolybdenum hunosvika 1%, uyeФyevanadium (V).

Magiredhi akaenzana epasi rose:

Sisitimu Yakajairika	Giredhi rakaenzana	Mashoko
China (GB/T 3077)	15Cr1Mo1V	Simbi isingapise kupisa ine alloy shoma, chinhu chikuru chekushandisa magetsi ekupisa epamba
Germany (DIN/EN)	15CrMoV5-9 / 1.8521	—

Kuumbwa kwemakemikari (wt%)– Zvinodiwa zvakajairika pa ТУ 3-923-75:

Chinhu	Rudzi rweZviri Mukati	Basa/Tsananguro
C (Kabhoni)	0.10 – 0.16	Inoenzanisa simba nekusimba
Si (Silicone)	0.17 – 0.37	Inovandudza kuramba kwe oxidation
Mn (Manganese)	0.40 – 0.70	Inowedzera simba uye kuomarara
Cr (Chromium)	1.00 – 1.40	Inogadzira firimu re dense oxide, rinopa ngura uye kudzivirira kupisa
Mo (Molybdenum)	0.90 – 1.10	Inowedzera simba rekupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba kukambaira
V (Vanadium)	0.20 – 0.25	Inonatsa chimiro chezviyo uye inovandudza simba rekupisa
Ni (Nikeri)	≤ 0.25	Inovandudza kusimba
S (Sarufa)	≤ 0.025	—
P (Phosphorus)	≤ 0.025	—

15Х1М1Ф ine makemikari akafanana zvikuru neChina.15Cr1Mo1V, iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumayuniti emagetsi anodziya anopfuura makumi maviri ane simba re300 MW zvichikwira anounzwa kunze kwenyika emapaipi makuru emhepo, mapaipi emhepo anodziyazve, uye maheaders. Kukura kwayo kwehunyanzvi uye kuvimbika kweinjiniya kwakasimbiswa zvizere.

Hunhu hwemakanika:

Simba rekudhonza: ≥ 500 MPa

Simba rekupa: ≥ 320 MPa

Kureba (δ5): ≥ 18% (refu) / ≥ 16% (yakachinjika)

Kusimba kwemhedzisiro (KCU): ≥ 500 kJ/m² (longitudinal) / ≥ 400 kJ/m² (transverse)

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekushanda:

Simba rekupisa: Kubatanidzwa kweMo neV kunovandudza zvikuru simba rekupwanyika kweganda pakupisa kwakakwira.

Kugadzikana kwezvimiro zve microstructure: Mushure mekugadziriswa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudziya kwekupisa kwakanyanya, chimiro che bainite/sorbite chakagadzikana chinowanikwa.

Tembiricha yekushanda inokurudzirwa: Inokwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu pakupisakusvika +585°C.

Kukodzera kwenyukireya: Yakakodzera michina yemagetsi enyukireya (AC) uye masisitimu emapaipi.

Nzvimbo dzakajairika dzekushandisa:

Kushandiswa	Kushandiswa Chaiko	Mamiriro Ebasa
Simba renyukireya	Mitsetse mikuru yeutsi, mapaipi emidziyo ine simba guru	Kupisa kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, nharaunda ine mwaranzi
Simba rekupisa	Machubhu ekupisa eboiler ane simba guru rekupisa, machubhu ekupisazve, machubhu makuru emhepo inopfungaira	Tembiricha ≤585°C, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya
Kugadzira mabhaira	Machubhu ebhoyira ane simba guru, mapaipi ebhoyira ane steam	Maparamita emhepo akakwira, basa renguva refu
Mitsipa yekumanikidza	Midziyo yekumanikidzwa inodziya zvakanyanya	Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kupisa

IV. Kusimba kwehunyanzvi hweTУ 3-923-75 Standard

Sechiyero chakatsaurirwa chemachubhu ebhoyira esimba renyukireya nekupisa, ТУ 3-923-75 inoisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvakanyanya:

Maitiro ekurapa kupisa: Standard inotsanangura kurapwa kwakanyatsonaka kwekupisa kwe15Х1М1Ф, kazhinjikugadzirisa + kupisa kwakanyanya, kuti pave nechimiro che bainite/sorbite chakagadzikana. Kudzora kwakarurama kwemaitiro ekurapa kupisa kunosarudza zvakananga kugadzikana kwezvikamu zve microstructure uye kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu kwekupisa kwakanyanya.

Kudzora kwakasimba kwemakemikari: Miganho yakasimba patsvina inokuvadza senge sarufa nephosphorus inoita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakachena uye zvakavimbika panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Kuedza kusingakuvadzi: Chubhu yega yega inofanirwa kuongororwa ne ultrasound (UT) uye eddy current testing (ET) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana zvikanganiso zvemukati.

V. Kuvimbisa Hunhu Hwakanaka uye Rutsigiro rweCBAM

Simbiso yemhando yepamusoro:

Batch yega yega inouya nechikamu chakakwanaMTC (Chitupa Chebvunzo yeMill)

EN 10204 3.1/3.2zvitupa zvinowanikwa kana zvakumbirwa

Kuongorora kwevamwe vanhu neSGS, BV, TÜVinotsigirwa

Kunyatso teverwa kubva panhamba yekupisa kusvika kuchinhu chapera

Rutsigiro rweEU CBAM kutevedzera mitemo yekabhoni:

Tinopa ruzivo rwekuburitswa kwekabhoni zvichienderana nezvigadzirwa zvichibva pazviyero chaizvo zvenzvimbo yacho.

Rubatsiro mukugadzirira zvirongwa zvekutarisa, mishumo yekubudisa utsi, uye mamwe magwaro ekuongorora

Inokubatsira kudzivirira nzira yekurangwa kwemutengo wepasi peEU uye kuderedza mitengo yemutero wekabhoni

VI. Sei Uchifanira Kusarudza Sanonpipe?

Zvakanakira Zvedu	Zvidimbu
Unyanzvi hwemazuva ose	Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwe ТУ 3-923-75 uye sisitimu yehunyanzvi yeRussia, pamwe nekududzirwa kwakarurama kwezvinodiwa zvechubhu yebhoyira yesimba renyukireya nekupisa
Vimbiso yezvinhu	Zvitupa zvakakwana zve16ГС ne15Х1М1Ф, pamwe chete nemagwaro akaenzana eRussia neChinese panguva imwe chete.
Hukuru hwakakwana	Inowanikwa mudhayamita dzekunze10–630 mmuye ukobvu hwemadziro1–32 mm, ichifukidza zvinodiwa zvikuru
Kutumira nekukurumidza	Inotsigirwa nemidziyo inorema matani zviuru makumi maviri; maodha ekukurumidzira anotumirwa mukati memazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemashanu
Rutsigiro rwesevhisi	Kubva pakubvunza, kujekesa hunyanzvi, uye kutaurwa kwemutengo kusvika kumagwaro nemabasa ekufambisa zvinhu - kuendesa zvinhu panzvimbo imwe chete
Kuzvipira kusina njodzi	Nzvimbo dzinopfuura 240 dzekutarisa hunhu hwemukati uye hapana musiyano mumagwaro

 VII. Taura Nesu

Sanonpipe yakatsaurirwa kupa machubhu eboiler emhando yepamusoro asina musono zvichienderana ne ТУ 3-923-75 yemagetsi enyukireya nekupisa muRussia neCIS. Kunyangwe muchida magadzirirwo akajairwa kana saizi dzakagadzirwa, tinopa rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi uye mhinduro dzemagetsi dzinochinjika.

Mienzaniso yetsananguro yezvakajairika:

Труба стальная бесшовная горячедеформированная 630×25 ТУ 3-923-75 / 16ГС
(Chubhu yesimbi isina musono inopfurwa inopisa 630×25, pa ТУ 3-923-75, giredhi 16ГС)

Труба стальная бесшовная горячедеформированная 530×18 ТУ 3-923-75 / 15Х1М1Ф
(Chubhu yesimbi isina musono inopfurwa inopisa 530×18, pa ТУ 3-923-75, giredhi 15Х1М1Ф)

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