I. Selelekela hoLiphaephe tsa Tšepe tsa A335 tse kopantsoeng

Liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa motsoako oa A335 li bua ka liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa motsoako oa chromium-molybdenum ferritic tse lumellanang leASTM A335/A335Mmaemo a tloaelehileng. Li tsebahala ka ts'ebetso ea tsona e ikhethang mochesong o phahameng, liphaephe tsena li fana ka matla a ikhethang a ho hloa, ho hanyetsa oxidation le ho hanyetsa mafome. Mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng haholo ke P11, P22, le P91, 'me P91 e se e fetohile thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lifeme tsa motlakase tsa sejoale-joale ka lebaka la matla le bokhoni ba eona bo phahameng.

II. Masimo a Bohlokoa a Kopo

E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha libaka tse feteletseng tsa mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng, ts'ebeliso ea liphaephe tsa A335 e shebane haholo le matla le liindasteri tse boima.

Liboiler tsa Seteishene sa Motlakase le Limela tsa Motlakase: Ena ke ts'ebeliso e kholo ka ho fetisisa le ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa liphaephe tsa A335. Li sebelisoa haholo ho hlahiseng li-superheater, li-reheater, lithapo tse kholo tsa mouoane, le lihlooho tsa li-boiler tsa seteishene sa motlakase. Likarolo tsena li tlameha ho sebetsa nako e telele tlas'a mocheso o phahameng (o fetang 500°C, esita le 600°C) le khatello e feteletseng, moo liphaephe tsa A335 li netefatsang polokeho, katleho le botsitso ba nako e telele ba setsi sa motlakase.

Indasteri ea Petrochemical: Limeleng tsa petrochemical, liphaephe tsa A335 li sebelisoa bakeng sa liphaephe tsa sebōpi sa pyrolysis, liphaephe tsa reformer, le liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso. Ts'ebeliso ena e boetse e kenyelletsa mocheso o phahameng le libaka tse senyang, joalo ka lits'ebetsong tsa hydrocracking le catalytic reforming, moo liphaephe tsa A335 li bonts'ang ho tšoarella ho hoholo.

Makala a Mang a Liindasteri:

Indasteri ea Tšepe: E sebelisoa litsamaisong tsa liphaephe bakeng sa lifono tsa ho futhumatsa le lifono tsa kalafo ea mocheso.

Indasteri ea Matla a Nyutlelie: E boetse e fumana lits'ebetso lits'ebetsong tsa sehlekehleke tse tloaelehileng tsa lifeme tse ling tsa matla a nyutlelie.

III. Tlhahlobo ea 'Maraka oa Lefatše oa Li-Export

Jwalo ka sehlahiswa sa indasteri se nang le dikahare tse hodimo tsa theknoloji, phallo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe ka bophara yaLiphaephe tsa A335e amana haufi-ufi le matsete a lefats'e ka bophara meralong ya motheo ya eneji.

Linaha/Libaka tse Kholo tse Romellang kantle ho naha:

Chaena: E 'ngoe ea bahlahisi le barekisi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ba lipeipi tsa tšepe. Bahlahisi ba Chaena ba laola 'maraka oa machaba ka ketane e felletseng ea indasteri, melemo ea litšenyehelo, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tekheniki khafetsa. Lihlahisoa tsa bona li akaretsa mefuta eohle ea limaraka ho tloha boemong bo bohareng ba P11 le P22 ho isa ho P91 ea maemo a holimo.

Kopano ea Linaha tsa Europe (haholo-holo Jeremane le Italy): Ke lehae la lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa tšepe tsa nalane tse kang Mannesmann ea Jeremane le Tenaris ea Italy, tse tsebahalang ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo le tse sebetsang hantle, haholo-holo tse shebaneng le mebaraka ea maemo a holimo le merero ea lehae ea Europe.

Japane: Likhamphani tsa tšepe tsa Japane (mohlala, JFE, Sumitomo Metal) li tsebahala ka ho tsitsa ha boleng ba maemo a holimo le bokhoni ba R&D, li na le tlholisano e matla thepa ea maemo a holimo joalo ka P91 le P92.

India: Naha e hlahisang lipeipi ka potlako, e fetohang sebapali sa bohlokoa 'marakeng oa machaba ka litheko tse hlōlisanang le boleng bo ntlafatsang butle-butle.

Linaha/Libaka tse Kholo tse Romellang Kantle:

Bochabela bo Hare (mohlala, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar): Matsete a tswelang pele mererong ya peterole le kaho ya ditsi tsa motlakase a etsa hore sebaka sena e be mmaraka wa bohlokwa wa ho reka diphaephe tsa A335 kantle ho naha.

Asia Borwa-bochabela (mohlala, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia): Kgolo e potlakileng ya moruo e baka tlhokeho e kgolo ya eneji, ka dipolante tse ntjha tsa motlakase tse sebediswang ka mashala le dibaka tsa peterole tse matlafatsang thepa e tswang kantle ho naha.

Amerika Leboea: Leha e na le bokgoni ba yona ba tlhahiso, ho na le tlhoko e kgolo ya ho reka dihlahiswa tse theko e tlase, haholoholo tse tswang Chaena.

Limmaraka tse ling tse ntseng li Hlaha: Linaha tsa Latin America le sebaka sa CIS ke tsona tse ka rekang liphaephe tsa A335 tse tsoang linaheng tse ling nakong ea ntlafatso ea meralo ea motheo ea matla.

Mekhoa le Liphephetso tsa 'Maraka:

Mekhoa: Phetoho ea matla lefatšeng ka bophara e khanna tlhoko ea lifeme tsa motlakase tse sebetsang hantle haholo, tse nang le mosi o fokolang, e leng se thusang 'maraka ka kotloloho bakeng sa limaraka tsa A335 tse sebetsang hantle joalo ka P91 le P92. Ho feta moo, ho hlophisoa bocha ha lifeme tsa motlakase tse tsofetseng ho fana ka tlhoko e tsitsitseng ea 'maraka.

Liphephetso: Barekisi ba thepa kantle ho naha ba tobane le liphephetso tse kang ho phahama ha ts'ireletso ea khoebo ea machaba (mohlala, mesebetsi ea ho thibela ho lahla thepa), ho feto-fetoha ha litheko tsa thepa e tala, tlholisano e matla ea litheko, le litekanyetso tsa boleng tse ntseng li thatafala le litlhoko tsa setifikeiti.

QetoLiphaephe tsa tšepe ea motsoako oa A335 ke "methapo" ea indasteri ea sejoale-joale, haholo-holo lefapha la eneji. Sebaka sa bona sa 'maraka oa kantle ho naha se bonts'a matla a indasteri ea lefats'e le nts'etsopele ea eneji. Ha linaha tse tsoelang pele li ntse li tsoela pele ho haha ​​​​meaho ea eneji le lichaba tse tsoetseng pele li nchafatsa thepa ea tsona ea khale, tlhoko ea liphaephe tsa tšepe ea motsoako oa A335 tse sebetsang hantle e tla lula e tsitsitse. Bakeng sa barekisi ba kantle ho naha, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa, ho latela maemo a machaba, le ho fana ka litheko tse hlōlisanang ke linotlolo tsa katleho 'marakeng ona o tletseng menyetla le liphephetso.