Le ngxelo ihlalutya amathuba, imingeni, kunye namathuba okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-alloy eTshayina eIndiya ukususela ngo-2024 ukuya ku-2025. Ukukhula koqoqosho olukhawulezileyo eIndiya, ngakumbi utyalo-mali lwayo olukhulu kumandla, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nemveliso, kudale imfuno enamandla yemibhobho yayo yentsimbi. Njengomvelisi omkhulu wemibhobho yentsimbi ehlabathini, iTshayina inika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso, amandla emveliso, kunye neendleko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumthengisi omkhulu kwimarike yaseIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, imiqobo yorhwebo, ukwanda kwamandla emveliso yasekhaya eIndiya, kunye nokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe oluqinisiweyo luzisa imingeni kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina. Ukuthunyelwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-alloy eTshayina eIndiya kulindeleke ukuba kugcine ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwiminyaka emibini ezayo, kodwa izinga lokukhula lisenokucotha, njengoko ukhuphiswano lwemarike lutshintshela ekuhlukeni komgangatho kunye nenkonzo.

1. Isishwankathelo seMarike kunye nabaqhubi bayo

Uqoqosho lwaseIndiya kunye neNkqubo ethi "Make in India": I-GDP yaseIndiya iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye urhulumente ukhuthaza ngenkuthalo i-"Make in India" kunye nophuhliso lweziseko, kuquka ioyile negesi, umbane (ingakumbi umbane wobushushu kunye nowenyukliya), iikhemikhali, iimoto, kunye namacandelo ezindlu - zonke ezi nkampani ziphambili kwiipayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy.

Imfuno Ekhulayo Yamandla: I-India yindawo yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni esebenzisa ioyile ekrwada. Ukwandiswa kwamandla ayo okucoca kunye nokwakhiwa kweendawo zokugcina ioyile ezicwangcisiweyo kufuna inani elikhulu leepayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy (ezifanaP11, P22, I-P91kunyeI-P92) ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu nezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, iiprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane ezisebenzisa igesi kunye namandla avuselelekayo nazo zifuna ukuxhasa imibhobho.

Utyalo-mali kwiZiseko zoPhuhliso: Utyalo-mali lukarhulumente kubonelelo lwamanzi ezidolophini, unyango lwelindle, kunye nokusasazwa kwegesi ezidolophini kuya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza imfuno yemibhobho yomgca kunye nemibhobho yesakhiwo.

Umsantsa woMbane wasekhaya: Nangona amandla okuvelisa imibhobho yentsimbi yasekhaya (njenge-SAIL, iJindal, kunye ne-ISMT) esanda eIndiya, kusekho umsantsa kwiindidi zemibhobho yentsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu, iinkcukacha ezikhethekileyo, kunye namandla okuhambisa amakhulu, okufuna ukuxhomekeka kwiimpahla ezingeniswayo.

2. Imingeni ephambili kunye neengozi

Imiqobo yoRhwebo: I-India isoloko iqala uphando oluchasene nokulahla inkunkuma (AD) kunye ne-countervailing duty (CVD) ngokuchasene neemveliso zentsimbi zaseTshayina kwaye ibeka amaxabiso aphezulu. Oku kubangela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina. Umzekelo, amaxabiso kwiipayipi ezithile zentsimbi ye-alloy anokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-30%.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoKhuselo lwaseIndiya: Urhulumente waseIndiya ujonge ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya ngamanyathelo anjengokunyusa iirhafu zokungenisa impahla, ukusebenzisa isiqinisekiso se-BIS esinyanzelekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa inkqubo yeProduction-Linked Incentive (PLI). Oku kwandisa iindleko kunye nobunzima bokungena kwimarike yeemveliso zaseTshayina.

Ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso kunye noxinzelelo lweendleko: Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza (ezifana nezinto ezixutywayo ze-nickel, i-chromium, kunye ne-molybdenum), amazinga okuthutha ulwandle, kunye nezinga lokutshintshiselana nge-RMB zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ukukhuphisana kwamaxabiso eemveliso zaseTshayina.

Ukhuphiswano Lwamazwe Ngamazwe: Abavelisi eMzantsi Korea, eJapan, naseYurophu nabo bakhuphisana neTshayina kwimarike ephezulu. Ngaphezu koko, izivumelwano zorhwebo olukhululekileyo zaseIndiya (ii-FTA) namazwe afana ne-UAE kunye ne-Australia zinokubonelela ngeenzuzo zerhafu kwiimveliso ezivela kula mazwe.

Uthungelwano lweempahla kunye neCandelo lokuNika: Izinto zezopolitiko kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko kwiindlela zokuthumela iimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neRed Sea Route zinokubangela ukuba ixesha lokuthumela impahla libe lide kwaye iindleko zibe phezulu.

3. Indawo yoKhuphiswano

Ababoneleli baseTshayina: Amandla abo akwikhonkco labo elibanzi lokubonelela ngeenkonzo, uqoqosho lobungakanani, amandla okuguqula imveliso ngokwezifiso, kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Iinkampani ezinkulu ziquka iTianjin Steel Pipe (TPCO), iValin Steel, kunye neJiangsu Changbao Steel Pipe.

Ababoneleli baseIndiya basekuhlaleni: Iingenelo zabo zikwiinkonzo zasekuhlaleni, ukhuseleko kwimiqobo yorhwebo, kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo nabathengi basekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqokelelana kwabo kwezobuchwepheshe kunye namandla okuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunqongophele.

Ababoneleli beLizwe Lesithathu: Iinkampani zaseJapan nezaseYurophu (ezifana neTenaris kunye neVallourec) zikhokela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwiimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu; iinkampani zaseKorea (ezifana neSeAH Steel) zikhuphisana kakhulu neenkampani zaseTshayina ngexabiso kunye nenkonzo.

4. Iingcebiso zeSicwangciso sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe

Ukwahluka kweMveliso: Gxila kwiipayipi zentsimbi ze-alloy ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezinexabiso eliphezulu ekunzima ukuzenza apha eIndiya, ezifana neepayipi zebhoyila ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iipayipi zokuqhekeka kweoyile, kunye neepayipi zamandla enyukliya, ukuphepha iimfazwe zamaxabiso kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ukuqonda Okunzulu Ngomgaqo-nkqubo Worhwebo: Jonga ngokusondeleyo amatyala okulungisa urhwebo abhengezwe yiSebe Lezorhwebo laseIndiya, sebenzisa iindlela zomthetho zokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uzame ukufumana amaxabiso aphantsi. Hlela ngokuchanekileyo iikhowudi zerhafu ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwerhafu ngokulandelelana.

Qinisa iNtsebenziswano yasekuhlaleni: Cinga ngokuseka ubudlelwane bexesha elide nabathumeli-mpahla baseIndiya abadumileyo, abasasazi, okanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela, kwaye ujonge nethuba lokuseka iindawo zokugcina impahla ezibophelelweyo okanye amaziko okucubungula izinto apha ekuhlaleni ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla kunye nokuphendula kwinkonzo yabathengi.

Phucula iSatifikethi kunye noMgangatho: Fumana ngenkuthalo iziqinisekiso zomgangatho wemveliso ezifunekayo ezifana nesatifikethi se-Indian BIS, kwaye uphucule ukuthembana kwabathengi ngokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-API kunye ne-ISO.

Urhwebo oluguquguqukayo kunye nezezimali: Nika imiqathango yokuhlawula ekhuphisanayo ngakumbi kunye nezisombululo zemali ukutsala abathengi baseIndiya.

5. Ingqikelelo ka-2024-2025

Azikhethi cala ukuya kwithemba. Iimfuno zemarike yaseIndiya zihlala ziqinile, zibonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-alloy yaseTshayina.

Umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kulindeleke ukuba uhlale uzinzile, kodwa izinga lokukhula liza kuthintelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo. Ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwemiqathango emitsha emikhulu yorhwebo, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kulindeleke ukuba ugcine amanqanaba angoku okanye unyuke kancinci. Ukuba kumiselwa irhafu entsha ephezulu, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunokwehla kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane.

Ukutshintsha Ingqwalasela Yokhuphiswano: Ukhuphiswano luya kutshintsha ukusuka kukhuphiswano olunexabiso eliphantsi ukuya kukhuphiswano olupheleleyo lomgangatho wemveliso, amanqanaba eenkonzo zobugcisa, uzinzo lwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nenkxaso emva kokuthengisa.