I. Intshayelelo kuImibhobho yentsimbi ye-A335 Alloy

Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-A335 alloy ibhekisa kwimibhobho yentsimbi ye-chromium-molybdenum ferritic alloy ehambelana neI-ASTM A335/A335Mumgangatho. Zidume ngokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ezi mbhobho zinika amandla abalaseleyo okuhambahamba, ukumelana ne-oxidation, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo yi-P11, P22, kunye ne-P91, kwaye i-P91 iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwizityalo zamandla zanamhlanje ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

II. IiNdawo eziPhambili zoSetyenziso

Yenzelwe ngokukodwa iindawo ezishushu kakhulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho ye-A335 kugxile kakhulu kumashishini anamandla kunye namashishini amakhulu.

Iibhoyila zeSiteshi soMbane kunye neePlanti zoMbane: Le yeyona ndlela inkulu nebaluleke kakhulu kwimibhobho ye-A335. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ii-superheater, ii-reheater, ii-main steam lines, kunye nee-headers zeebhoyila zesikhululo sombane. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisebenze ixesha elide phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu (obudlula i-500°C, nokuba yi-600°C) kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, apho imibhobho ye-A335 iqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide kwesikhululo sombane.

Ishishini lePetrochemical: Kwizityalo zepetrochemical, iipayipi ze-A335 zisetyenziselwa iityhubhu zesithando se-pyrolysis, iityhubhu zokulungisa, kunye neepayipi zenkqubo. Ezi zicelo ziquka amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neendawo ezinobungozi, njengakwiinkqubo zokulungisa i-hydrocracking kunye ne-catalytic, apho iipayipi ze-A335 zibonisa ukuqina okugqwesileyo.

Amanye amacandelo oShishino:

Ishishini leMetallurgical: Lisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemibhobho kwii-oven zokufudumeza kunye nee-oven zokunyanga ubushushu.

Ishishini laMandla eNyukliya: Ikwafumana usetyenziso kwiinkqubo zesiqithi eziqhelekileyo zezinye izityalo zamandla enyukliya.

III. Uhlalutyo lweMarike yokuThumela kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela

Njengemveliso yemizi-mveliso enomxholo ophezulu wetekhnoloji, ukuhamba korhwebo lwehlabathiImibhobho ye-A335inxulumene kakhulu notyalo-mali lwehlabathi jikelele kwiziseko zophuhliso zamandla.

Amazwe/Imimandla Ephambili Ethumela Ngaphandle:

ITshayina: Enye yezona mveliso zinkulu kunye nabathengisi beepayipi zentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela. Abavelisi baseTshayina balawula imakethi yamazwe ngamazwe ngekhonkco elipheleleyo lemizi-mveliso, iingenelo zeendleko, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobugcisa rhoqo. Iimveliso zabo zigubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamanqanaba ukusuka kwi-P11 ephakathi kunye ne-P22 ukuya kwi-P91 ephezulu.

I-European Union (ingakumbi iJamani ne-Itali): Ikhaya leenkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi zembali ezifana neMannesmann yaseJamani kunye neTenaris yase-Itali, ezaziwa ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezisebenza kakuhle, ikakhulu zijolise kwiimarike zexabiso eliphezulu kunye neeprojekthi zaseYurophu zasekuhlaleni.

EJapan: Iinkampani zentsimbi zaseJapan (umz., i-JFE, iSumitomo Metal) zidume ngokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nobuchule bophando nophuhliso, zikwazi ukukhuphisana kakhulu kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-P91 kunye ne-P92.

I-India: Ilizwe elivelisa iipayipi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, eliba ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kwaye umgangatho uphucuka kancinci kancinci.

Amazwe/Imimandla Ephambili Engenisa Impahla:

UMbindi Mpuma (umz., iSaudi Arabia, i-UAE, iQatar): Utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kwiiprojekthi zepetrochemical kunye nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla kwenza le ndawo ibe yimarike ephambili yokungenisa iipayipi ze-A335.

UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia (umz., iVietnam, i-Indonesia, iMalaysia): Ukukhula koqoqosho ngokukhawuleza kuqhuba imfuno enkulu yamandla, apho izityalo ezintsha zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle kunye nezakhiwo ze-petrochemical zikhuthaza ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.

UMntla Melika: Nangona inomthamo wayo wemveliso, kukho imfuno enkulu yokungenisa iimveliso ezingabizi kakhulu, ingakumbi ezivela eTshayina.

Ezinye iiMarike ezisakhulayo: Amazwe aseLatin America nakwimimandla yeCIS angabathengi abanokubakho bemibhobho ye-A335 ngexesha lokuphuculwa kweziseko zamandla.

Iindlela zeMarike kunye nemingeni:

Iintsingiselo: Utshintsho lwamandla kwihlabathi liphela luqhuba imfuno yezityalo zamandla ezisebenzayo kakhulu nezikhupha umbane kancinci, nto leyo enceda ngokuthe ngqo imarike yamanqanaba e-A335 asebenza kakuhle njenge-P91 kunye ne-P92. Ngaphezu koko, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwezityalo zamandla ezindala kubonelela ngemfuno yemarike ezinzileyo.

Imingeni: Abathumeli bamazwe angaphandle bajongene nemingeni efana nokunyuka kokhuseleko lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe (umz., irhafu yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma), ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza, ukhuphiswano olukhulu lwamaxabiso, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi ezingqongqo ngakumbi.

IsipheloIipayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy ze-A335 "zii-arteries" zoshishino lwanamhlanje, ingakumbi icandelo lamandla. Imeko yemarike yazo yokuthumela ngaphandle ibonisa indlela etshintsha ngayo uphuhliso lwehlabathi kunye nophuhliso lwamandla. Njengoko amazwe asakhulayo eqhubeka nokwakha iziseko zamandla kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo ehlaziya izinto zawo ezindala, imfuno yeepayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy ze-A335 ezisebenzayo iya kuhlala izinzile. Kwabathumela kwamanye amazwe, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukuthobela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokubonelela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo zizitshixo zempumelelo kule marike izele ngamathuba kunye nemingeni.