Lo mbiko uhlaziya amathuba, izinselelo, kanye namathuba okuthunyelwa kwamapayipi ensimbi e-alloy eShayina eNdiya kusukela ngo-2024 kuya ku-2025. Ukukhula komnotho okusheshayo kweNdiya, ikakhulukazi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo okukhulu emandleni, engqalasizinda, kanye nasekukhiqizeni, kudale isidingo esikhulu samapayipi ayo ensimbi. Njengomkhiqizi wamapayipi ensimbi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, iShayina inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, amandla okukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko, okwenza ibe ngumhlinzeki omkhulu emakethe yaseNdiya. Kodwa-ke, izithiyo zokuhweba, ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza asekhaya eNdiya, kanye nokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuqinisiwe kuletha izinselelo kubathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina. Ukuthunyelwa kwamapayipi ensimbi e-alloy eShayina eNdiya kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula okuqhubekayo eminyakeni emibili ezayo, kodwa izinga lokukhula lingase lihambe kancane, njengoba ukuncintisana kwemakethe kushintshela ekuhlukeni kwekhwalithi kanye nensizakalo.

1. Ukubuka Konke Kwemakethe kanye Nabashayeli

Umnotho waseNdiya kanye nohlelo lwe-"Make in India": I-GDP yaseNdiya iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, futhi uhulumeni ukhuthaza ngenkuthalo i-"Make in India" kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa nowoyela negesi, ugesi (ikakhulukazi amandla okushisa nawenuzi), amakhemikhali, izimoto, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala—zonke izimboni eziyinhloko zamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe.

Isidingo Samandla Esikhulayo: I-India ingumthengi wesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni kawoyela ongahluziwe. Ukwandiswa kwamandla ayo okucwenga kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina uwoyela eziqondiwe kudinga inani elikhulu lamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe (njengeP11, P22, I-P91, futhiI-P92) ifanele izindawo ezishisa kakhulu nezinomfutho ophezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi okukhiqizwa kwamandla asebenzisa igesi kanye namandla avuselelekayo nawo adinga amapayipi asekelayo.

Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Kwengqalasizinda: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi emadolobheni, ekuhlanzweni kwendle, kanye nasekusatshalalisweni kwegesi edolobheni kuzoqhubeka nokukhuthaza isidingo samapayipi olayini kanye namapayipi okwakha.

Igebe Lomthamo Wasekhaya: Nakuba umthamo wokukhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi wasekhaya (njenge-SAIL, i-Jindal, kanye ne-ISMT) ukhula eNdiya, kusenegebe ezinhlotsheni zamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe aphezulu, imininingwane ekhethekile, kanye namakhono okulethwa okukhulu, okudinga ukuthembela ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe.

2. Izinselele Eziyinhloko Nezingozi

Izithiyo Zokuhweba: I-India ivame ukuqala uphenyo oluphikisana nokulahla izimpahla (AD) kanye nentela yokukhokha (CVD) ngokumelene nemikhiqizo yensimbi yaseShayina futhi ibeka intela ephezulu. Lokhu kuveza ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kwabathumeli bempahla baseShayina. Isibonelo, intela kumapayipi athile ensimbi e-alloy ingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30%.

Izinqubomgomo Zokuvikela Zase-India: Uhulumeni waseNdiya uhlose ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya ngezinyathelo ezinjengokukhuphula intela yokungenisa impahla, ukusebenzisa isitifiketi se-BIS esiyimpoqo, kanye nokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Production-Linked Incentive (PLI). Lokhu kwandisa izindleko kanye nobunzima bokungena emakethe kwemikhiqizo yaseShayina.

Ukuncintisana Kwamanani Nokucindezela Kwezindleko: Ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa (njengezinto ezixubayo i-nickel, i-chromium, ne-molybdenum), amazinga okuthutha olwandle, kanye nezinga lokushintshana le-RMB konke kuthinta ukuncintisana kwamanani kwemikhiqizo yaseShayina.

Ukuncintisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Abakhiqizi eNingizimu Korea, eJapane, naseYurophu nabo bancintisana neShayina emakethe esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivumelwano zokuhweba zamahhala zaseNdiya (i-FTA) namazwe afana ne-UAE ne-Australia zingase zinikeze izinzuzo zentela yemikhiqizo evela kula mazwe.

Uchungechunge Lokuthutha kanye Nokuhlinzeka Ngempahla: Izici zezwe kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuphepha emizileni yokuthumela impahla yamazwe ngamazwe njengoMzila WasoLwandle Olubomvu kungaholela ezikhathini zokuthumela ezinde kanye nezindleko eziphakeme.

3. Indawo Yokuncintisana

Abahlinzeki baseShayina: Amandla abo atholakala ochungechungeni lwabo oluphelele lokuhlinzeka ngempahla, umnotho wobukhulu, amakhono okwenza ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo aguquguqukayo, kanye namanani okuncintisana. Izinkampani ezinkulu zifaka iTianjin Steel Pipe (TPCO), iValin Steel, kanye neJiangsu Changbao Steel Pipe.

Abahlinzeki Bendawo baseNdiya: Izinzuzo zabo zisezinsizakalweni zasendaweni, ukungavikeleki ezinkingeni zokuhweba, kanye nobudlelwano obuseduze namakhasimende asekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukuqongelela kwabo ubuchwepheshe kanye namandla okukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kunqunyelwe.

Abahlinzeki Bezwe Elingaphandle: Izinkampani zaseJapan nezaseYurophu (ezifana neTenaris neVallourec) zihola phambili kwezobuchwepheshe emikhiqizweni enenani eliphezulu kakhulu; izinkampani zaseKorea (ezifana neSeAH Steel) zincintisana kakhulu nezinkampani zaseShayina ngentengo kanye nensizakalo.

4. Izincomo Zesu Lokuthumela Ngaphandle

Ukwehlukaniswa Komkhiqizo: Gxila kumapayipi ensimbi e-alloy asezingeni eliphezulu, anenani eliphezulu okunzima ukuwakhiqiza ngaphakathi eNdiya, njengepayipi le-boiler lezinga eliphezulu, amapayipi okuqhekeka uwoyela, kanye namapayipi kagesi enuzi, ukugwema izingxabano zamanani emikhiqizweni ephansi, enenhloso ejwayelekile.

Ukuqonda Okujulile Kwenqubomgomo Yezohwebo: Qapha ngokucophelela amacala okuxazulula ukuhweba amenyezelwe uMnyango Wezohwebo waseNdiya, sebenzisa izindlela zomthetho zokuphendula ngendlela efanele, futhi ulwele amanani aphansi kakhulu. Hlela ngokunembile amakhodi entela ukuqinisekisa ukuvunyelwa kwentela okuhambisanayo.

Qinisa Ukubambisana Kwendawo: Cabanga ngokusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nabathengisi baseNdiya abadumile, abasabalalisi, noma abasebenzisi bokugcina, futhi uhlole ngisho nethuba lokusungula izindawo zokugcina impahla eziboshiwe noma izikhungo zokucubungula endaweni ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kweketanga lokuhlinzeka kanye nokuphendula kwenkonzo yamakhasimende.

Thuthukisa Isitifiketi Nekhwalithi: Thola ngenkuthalo izitifiketi zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezidingekayo njengesitifiketi se-Indian BIS, futhi uthuthukise ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende ngezitifiketi zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-API ne-ISO.

Ukuhweba Nokuxhasa Ngezimali Okuguquguqukayo: Nikeza imigomo yokukhokha encintisanayo kanye nezixazululo zezimali ukuze uhehe abathengi baseNdiya.

5. Umbono wesikhathi sika-2024-2025

Akuthathi hlangothi kuya kokwethemba. Izisusa zesidingo semakethe yaseNdiya zihlala ziqinile, zinikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamapayipi ensimbi e-alloy yaseShayina.

Umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kulindeleke ukuthi uhlale uzinzile, kodwa izinga lokukhula lizovinjelwa yizinqubomgomo zokuhweba. Ngaphandle kokwethulwa kwemikhawulo emisha yokuhweba, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kulindeleke ukuthi ugcine amazinga amanje noma ukhuphuke kancane. Uma kufakwa amanani amasha aphezulu, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kungase kwehle kakhulu esikhathini esifushane.

Ukugxila Kokuncintisana Okushintshile: Ukuncintisana kuzoshintsha kusuka ekuncintisaneni ngamanani ahlanzekile kuye ekuncintisaneni okubanzi kakhulu kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, amazinga esevisi yobuchwepheshe, ukuzinza kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kanye nokusekelwa kwangemva kokuthengisa.