I. Isingeniso ku-Amapayipi Ensimbi Engxubevange ye-A335

Amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-A335 abhekisela kumapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-chromium-molybdenum ferritic ahambisana ne-I-ASTM A335/A335Mejwayelekile. Njengoba idume ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, la mapayipi anikeza amandla avelele okuhamba, ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Amazinga avame kakhulu yi-P11, P22, kanye ne-P91, kanti i-P91 isibe yinto ebalulekile ezitshalweni zamandla zesimanje ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle.

II. Izinkambu Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko

Njengoba iklanyelwe ngqo izindawo ezishisa kakhulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi e-A335 kugxile kakhulu embonini yamandla kanye nezimboni ezisindayo.

Ama-Power Station Boilers kanye Nezitshalo Zikagesi: Lolu uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu nolubaluleke kakhulu lwamapayipi e-A335. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-superheater, ama-reheater, imigqa emikhulu yomusi, kanye nama-header ama-power station boilers. Lezi zingxenye kumele zisebenze isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu (adlula ku-500°C, ngisho no-600°C) kanye nokucindezela okukhulu, lapho amapayipi e-A335 eqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwesitshalo sikagesi.

Imboni Yamakhemikhali Kaphethroli: Ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali kaphethroli, amapayipi e-A335 asetshenziselwa amapayipi esithando se-pyrolysis, amapayipi okulungisa, kanye namapayipi okucubungula. Lezi zicelo zihilela amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezindawo ezilimazayo, njengasezinqubweni zokulungisa amanzi kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa i-catalytic, lapho amapayipi e-A335 ebonisa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu.

Eminye Imikhakha Yezimboni:

Imboni Yensimbi: Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezifutho zokushisa kanye nezifutho zokwelashwa kokushisa.

Imboni Yamandla Enuzi: Ithola futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhlelweni zesiqhingi ezivamile zezinye izitshalo zamandla enuzi.

III. Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Yokuthumela Ngaphandle Yomhlaba Wonke

Njengomkhiqizo wezimboni onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe, ukugeleza kokuhweba komhlaba wonke kweAmapayipi e-A335kuhlobene kakhulu nokutshalwa kwezimali emhlabeni wonke engqalasizinda yamandla.

Amazwe/Izifunda Ezinkulu Ezithumela Ngaphandle:

IShayina: Ingomunye wabakhiqizi nabathumeli bamanye amazwe abakhulu emhlabeni bamapayipi ensimbi. Abakhiqizi baseShayina babusa imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngochungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni, izinzuzo zezindleko, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe njalo. Imikhiqizo yabo ihlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwamamaki kusukela ku-P11 ephakathi kanye ne-P22 kuya ku-P91 ephezulu.

I-European Union (ikakhulukazi iJalimane ne-Italy): Ikhaya lezinkampani ezinkulu zensimbi zomlando ezifana neMannesmann yaseJalimane kanye neTenaris yase-Italy, ezaziwa ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu nesebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ezigxile ezimakethe zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye namaphrojekthi endawo aseYurophu.

IJapan: Izinkampani zensimbi zaseJapan (isib. i-JFE, i-Sumitomo Metal) zaziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye namakhono e-R&D, zikwazi ukuncintisana kahle ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-P91 kanye ne-P92.

I-India: Isizwe esikhiqiza amapayipi esithuthuka ngokushesha, esiba ngumdlali obalulekile emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngamanani ancintisanayo futhi kancane kancane sithuthukisa ikhwalithi.

Amazwe/Izifunda Ezinkulu Ezingenisa Impahla:

IMpumalanga Ephakathi (isib., iSaudi Arabia, i-UAE, iQatar): Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kumaphrojekthi kaphethiloli kanye nokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zikagesi kwenza lesi sifunda sibe yimakethe ebalulekile yokungenisa amapayipi e-A335.

INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (isib., iVietnam, i-Indonesia, iMalaysia): Ukukhula komnotho okusheshayo kuqhuba isidingo esikhulu samandla, lapho izitshalo ezintsha zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle kanye nezikhungo zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli ziphehla ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

INyakatho Melika: Naphezu kokuba namandla ayo okukhiqiza, kunesidingo esikhulu sokungenisa imikhiqizo engabizi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi evela eShayina.

Ezinye Izimakethe Ezisafufusa: Amazwe aseLatin America kanye nesifunda se-CIS angaba ngabathumeli bamapayipi e-A335 ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yamandla.

Izitayela Nezinselele Zemakethe:

Amathrendi: Ushintsho lwamandla emhlabeni wonke luqhuba isidingo sezitshalo zamandla ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezikhipha ukungcola okuncane, okuzuzisa ngqo imakethe yamazinga e-A335 asebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-P91 ne-P92. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kabusha kwezitshalo zamandla ezindala kunikeza isidingo semakethe esiqhubekayo.

Izinselele: Abathumeli bamazwe angaphandle babhekene nezinselele ezifana nokwenyuka kokuvikelwa kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe (isib., intela yokulwa nokulahla izimpahla), ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuncintisana okukhulu kwamanani, kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile nezimfuneko zesitifiketi.

Isiphetho Amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-A335 "ayimithambo" yezimboni zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi umkhakha wamandla. Isimo semakethe yawo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe sibonisa ukuguquguquka kwezimboni zomhlaba wonke kanye nentuthuko yamandla. Njengoba amazwe asathuthuka eqhubeka nokwakha ingqalasizinda yamandla kanye namazwe athuthukile evuselela izimpahla zawo ezindala, isidingo samapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-A335 asebenza kahle kakhulu sizohlala sizinzile. Kwabathumela kwamanye amazwe, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, kanye nokunikeza amanani ancintisanayo kuyizihluthulelo zempumelelo kule makethe egcwele amathuba nezinselele.