I-India, njengenye yezomnotho ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni, inomkhakha wokukhiqiza amabhoyila okhula ngokushesha oqhutshwa yizidingo zayo zamandla ezikhulayo kanye nokwanda kwezimboni. Lo mkhakha ubuswa yizikhondlakhondla ezimbalwa ezihlinzeka ngemishini ebalulekile emikhakheni eyinhloko njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, kanye nomanyolo. Ekwakhiweni kwala mabhoyila, amapayipi ensimbi e-chrome-molybdenum ahambisana nendinganiso ye-ASTM A335 "ayizindlela zokuphila" ezibalulekile. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwawo liyinkomba eqondile yamandla omkhakha kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe.

Abakhiqizi Abahamba Phambili Bebhoyila eNdiya

1.I-Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

Ibhizinisi likahulumeni kanye nomholi ongaphikiswana ngaye emkhakheni wemishini kagesi eNdiya, i-BHEL ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zama-boiler, kusukela kumayunithi amancane ezimboni kuya kwamakhulu ezitshalo zamandla ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngamaphrojekthi kulo lonke elaseNdiya nasemhlabeni jikelele, isidingo se-BHEL sezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu sikhulu kakhulu.

2.Njengomhlinzeki ohamba phambili wezixazululo zamandla nezemvelo, i-Thermax yaziwa ngezinhlelo zayo zamabhoyila ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezihlanzekile. Iphrofayili yayo yomkhiqizo ifaka phakathi amabhoyila asebenzisa amalahle, asebenzisa igesi, asebenzisa i-biomass, kanye nama-waste heat recovery, akhonza imikhakha eyahlukene yezimboni.

3.I-Larsen & Toubro (L&T) - Isigaba Sokushisa

Njengenye yezinkampani ezinkulu zobunjiniyela nezokwakha eNdiya, isigaba se-boiler se-L&T sinesikhundla esibalulekile emakethe enkulu yezinsizakalo kanye ne-boiler yezimboni. Amakhono ayo obunjiniyela aqinile kanye nokwenziwa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu kuyenza ibe ngumdlali obalulekile.

4.I-Cethar Vessels Limited

Njengomkhiqizi webhoyila okhethekile, iCethar Vessels inedumela elihle emkhakheni wamandla waseNdiya, ikakhulukazi kumabhoyila aphakathi kuya kwamakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwamapayipi Ensimbi E-A335 Alloy

1. Kungani Kusetshenziswa Amapayipi e-A335?

Amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy angaphansi kwe-A335 standard (aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amazinga afana ne-P91, P92, P11, P22) asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zama-boiler ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu okushisa, ukumelana nokukhukhuleka, kanye nokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation. Izicelo ezibalulekile zifaka:

Ama-Superheater: Lapho umusi ogcwele ushiswa khona umusi oshisiwe kakhulu, okuveza amapayipi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.

Ama-Reheater: Aphinde afudumale umusi ngemva kokuba ususebenze ku-turbine ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle.

Amapayipi Amakhulu Omusi: Ukuthutha umusi oshisa kakhulu, onengcindezi ephezulu usuka ebhoyileni uye e-turbine.

2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwamaphethini Okusetshenziswa

Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-A335 ngabakhiqizi bebhoyila baseNdiya kukhulu futhi kukhombisa izici ezilandelayo:

Ngokuqondile Ngokulingana Nesilinganiso Sephrojekthi kanye Nebanga: Ibhoyila enkulu yesitshalo samandla esibaluleke kakhulu (isb., iyunithi engu-660 MW) ingadinga amakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zamathaniA335 P91/I-P92Amapayipi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ibhoyila elincane lezimboni lingasebenzisa amathani ambalwa kuphela.

Ukusetshenziswa Okwandayo Kwezinto Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu: Njengoba i-India ishintshela kubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu, obukhipha ukungcola okuphansi kanye nobukhipha ukungcola okungaphezulu kakhulu, isidingo samazinga okusebenza aphezulu njenge-A335 P91 kanye ne-P92 sikhula ngokushesha. Lezi zinto zivumela imingcele ephezulu yomusi (izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi), ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo.

Ukuthembela Kokubili Ukungenisa Nokukhiqizwa Kwasekhaya: Ezinye izinkampani zensimbi zaseNdiya (isb., i-ISMT) zingakhiqiza amagreyidi athile e-A335 (njenge-P11, i-P22). Kodwa-ke, kumagreyidi adinga kakhulu ubuchwepheshe njenge-P91 ne-P92, kusekhona ukuthembela kancane ekuthunyelweni okuvela eShayina, eYurophu, naseJapane ngenxa yekhwalithi kanye nokucabangela amandla. Lokhu kwenza ukuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko kube yinselele enkulu kubenzi bamabhoyila.

Ukuguquguquka Kwesidingo Semakethe: Ukusetshenziswa kuhlobene kakhulu nemijikelezo yokutshalwa kwezimali kagesi eNdiya. Isidingo samapayipi e-A335 siyakhula ngezikhathi zokucindezela kukahulumeni okukhulu kokwengezwa kwamandla kagesi asebenzisa amalahle noma ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile kwezimboni.

Abakhiqizi bebhoyila abahamba phambili eNdiya, njengeBHEL, iThermax, kanye ne-L&T, bangabadlali ababalulekile emakethe yebhoyila yomhlaba wonke. Ukukhula kwabo kuhlobene kakhulu nekusasa lamandla eNdiya kanye nomhlaba wonke. Amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy e-A335, njengezinto ezibalulekile emikhiqizweni yabo eyinhloko, abona ukusetshenziswa okungeyona nje i-metric yesilinganiso sebhizinisi lalezi zinkampani kodwa futhi kuyi-barometer yentuthuko yengqalasizinda yezimboni yaseNdiya kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Uma sibheka phambili, ukuphishekela ubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile obusebenza kahle kakhulu kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwesidingo samapayipi e-A335 asezingeni eliphezulu.