I-China Amashubhu e-mechanical ensimbi yekhabhoni engenamthungo kanye ne-alloy

Amashubhu e-mechanical ensimbi yekhabhoni angenamthungo kanye ne-alloy

Amashubhu ensimbi yekhabhoni kanye ne-alloy angenamthungo Isithombe Esifakiwe

Incazelo emfushane:

Amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo, ipayipi lensimbi ye-carbon kanye namashubhu e-alloy mechanical, ikakhulukazi okwenziwa ngomshini ngaphakathiI-ASTM A519-2006Amashubhu ajwayelekile, axutshwe ngomshini afaka kakhulu

1018,1026,8620,4130,4140 njll.

Inkokhelo:Idiphozithi engu-30%, ikhophi engu-70% L/C noma i-B/L noma i-100% L/C lapho ibonwa

Ubuningi be-Order encane:Isitsha esisodwa noma amathani angu-25

Amandla Okunikezela:Uhlu Lwaminyaka Yonke Lwepayipi Lensimbi Elingamathani angu-20000

Isikhathi esiholayo:Izinsuku eziyi-7-14 uma zikhona esitokweni, izinsuku ezingama-30-45 zokukhiqiza

Ukupakisha:Okumnyama Okunyamalalayo, i-bevel kanye nesivalo sepayipi ngalinye; I-OD engaphansi kuka-219mm idinga ukupakishwa njengenqwaba, futhi inqwaba ngayinye ayidluli amathani ama-2.

Sithumelele i-imeyili Landa njenge-PDF

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amathegi Omkhiqizo

Ukubuka konke

Okujwayelekile:I-ASTM A519-2006	Ingxubevange Noma Cha: Ingxubevange noma i-Carbon
Iqembu Lebanga: 1018,1026,8620,4130,4140	Isicelo: Ishubhu yemishini
Ubukhulu: 1 - 100 mm	Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu: Njengemfuneko yamakhasimende
Ububanzi Bangaphandle (Isiyingi): 10 - 1000 mm	Indlela Yokusebenza: Okugoqwe Okushisayo noma Okubandayo Okugoqwe
Ubude: Ubude obungaguquki noma ubude obungahleliwe	Ukwelashwa ngokushisa: Ukunciphisa/Ukuvuselela/Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka
Isimo Sesigaba: Isiyingi	Ipayipi Elikhethekile: Ipayipi Eliqinile Lodonga
Indawo Yomsuka: eShayina	Ukusetshenziswa: ngomshini
Isitifiketi: ISO9001:2008	Ukuhlolwa: ECT/UT

Isicelo

Isetshenziswa Kakhulu Kwemishini Futhi Isetshenziselwa Ukwenza Amasilinda Egesi. Ifaka Amashubhu Omshini Angenamthungo Ensimbi Yekhabhoni Ne-Alloy, Futhi Ihlanganisa Amashubhu Omshini Angenamthungo Aqediwe Ngokushisayo Namashubhu Omshini Angenamthungo Aqediwe Ngokubandayo Angenamthungo Ngosayizi Ofika Ku-12 3⁄4 In. (323.8 mm) Ububanzi Bangaphandle Bamashubhu Ayindilinga Anobukhulu Bodonga Njengoba Kudingeka.

Ibanga Eliyinhloko

1018,1026,8620,4130,4140

Ingxenye Yamakhemikhali

ITHEBULA 1 Izidingo Zamakhemikhali Zezinsimbi Ezinekhabhoni Ephansi

Ibanga	Imikhawulo Yokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali, %
Ukuqokwa	I-CarbonA	I-ManganeseB	I-Phosphorus, B	I-Sulfur, B
			ubuningi	ubuningi
I-MT X 1015	0.10–0.20	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
I-MT 1010	0.05–0.15	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
I-MT 1015	0.10–0.20	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
I-MT 1020	0.15–0.25	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
I-MT X 1020	0.15–0.25	0.70–1.00	0.04	0.05

ITHEBULA 2 Izidingo Zamakhemikhali Zezinye Izinsimbi Zekhabhoni^BImikhawulo iyasebenza ekuhlaziyweni kokushisa; ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ku-6.1, ukuhlaziywa komkhiqizo kuncike ekubekezelelweni okwengeziwe okusebenzayo okunikezwe kuThebula 5.

Ibanga		Imikhawulo Yokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali, %A
Ukuqokwa
Ukuqokwa	Ikhabhoni	I-Manganese	I-phosphorus,	Isibabule,
			ubuningi	ubuningi
1008	Ubuningi obungu-0.10	0.30–0.50	0.04	0.05
1010	0.08–0.13	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
1012	0.10–0.15	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
1015	0.13–0.18	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
1016	0.13–0.18	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1017	0.15–0.20	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
1018	0.15–0.20	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1019	0.15–0.20	0.70–1.00	0.04	0.05
1020	0.18–0.23	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
1021	0.18–0.23	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1022	0.18–0.23	0.70–1.00	0.04	0.05
1025	0.22–0.28	0.30–0.60	0.04	0.05
1026	0.22–0.28	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1030	0.28–0.34	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1035	0.32–0.38	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1040	0.37–0.44	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1045	0.43–0.50	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1050	0.48–0.55	0.60–0.90	0.04	0.05
1518	0.15–0.21	1.10–1.40	0.04	0.05
1524	0.19–0.25	1.35–1.65	0.04	0.05
1541	0.36–0.44	1.35–1.65	0.04	0.05

A Amabanga nemikhawulo enikezwe kuleli thebula isebenza ekuhlaziyweni kokushisa; ngaphandle uma kudingeka6.1, ukuhlaziywa komkhiqizo kuncike ekubekezeleni okwengeziwe okusebenzayo okunikezwe kuThebula Nombolo 5.

ITHEBULA 3 Izidingo Zamakhemikhali Zezinsimbi Ze-Alloy
QAPHELA	1—Ububanzi kanye nemikhawulo kuleli thebula kusebenza ensimbini engadluli amasentimitha angu-200 (1290 cm2) endaweni enqamulayo.
QAPHELA	2—Kukhona inani elincane lezinto ezithile ezitholakala ezinsimbini ze-alloy ezingachazwanga noma ezingadingeki. Lezi zinto zibhekwa njengezingahleliwe
futhi ingaba khona enanini eliphezulu elilandelayo: ithusi, 0.35%; i-nickel, 0.25%; i-chromium, 0.20%; i-molybdenum, 0.10%.
QAPHELA	3—Amabanga nemikhawulo enikezwe kuleli thebula isebenza ekuhlaziyweni kokushisa; ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ku-6.1, ukuhlaziywa komkhiqizo kuncike kulokho okusebenzayo
ukubekezelelana okwengeziwe okunikezwe kuThebula Nombolo 5.

Ibanga^A^,^B				Imikhawulo Yokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali, %
Idizayini-
Idizayini-	Ikhabhoni	I-Manganese	I-Phospho-	Isibabule,^C^,^D	I-Silicon	I-Nickel	I-Chromium	I-Molybde-
isenzo								I-Molybde-
isenzo			i-rus,^Cubuningi	ubuningi				inombolo
								inombolo
1330	0.28–0.33	1.60–1.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	...
1335	0.33–0.38	1.60–1.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	...
1340	0.38–0.43	1.60–1.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	...
1345	0.43–0.48	1.60–1.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	...
3140	0.38–0.43	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.10–1.40	0.55–0.75	...
I-E3310	0.08–0.13	0.45–0.60	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	3.25–3.75	1.40–1.75	...
4012	0.09–0.14	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.15–0.25
4023	0.20–0.25	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4024	0.20–0.25	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.035−0.050	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4027	0.25–0.30	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4028	0.25–0.30	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.035−0.050	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4037	0.35–0.40	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4042	0.40–0.45	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4047	0.45–0.50	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4063	0.60–0.67	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.20–0.30
4118	0.18–0.23	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.40–0.60	0.08–0.15
4130	0.28–0.33	0.40–0.60	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4135	0.32–0.39	0.65–0.95	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4137	0.35–0.40	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4140	0.38–0.43	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4142	0.40–0.45	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4145	0.43–0.48	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4147	0.45–0.50	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4150	0.48–0.53	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15–0.25
4320	0.17–0.22	0.45–0.65	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	0.40–0.60	0.20–0.30
4337	0.35–0.40	0.60–0.80	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	0.70–0.90	0.20–0.30
E4337	0.35–0.40	0.65–0.85	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	0.70–0.90	0.20–0.30
4340	0.38–0.43	0.60–0.80	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	0.70–0.90	0.20–0.30
E4340	0.38–0.43	0.65–0.85	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	0.70–0.90	0.20–0.30
4422	0.20–0.25	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.35–0.45
4427	0.24–0.29	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.35–0.45
4520	0.18–0.23	0.45–0.65	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	...	0.45–0.60
4615	0.13–0.18	0.45–0.65	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	...	0.20–0.30
4617	0.15–0.20	0.45–0.65	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	...	0.20–0.30
4620	0.17–0.22	0.45–0.65	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	...	0.20–0.30
4621	0.18–0.23	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	1.65–2.00	...	0.20–0.30
4718	0.16–0.21	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.90–1.20	0.35–0.55	0.30–0.40
4720	0.17–0.22	0.50–0.70	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.90–1.20	0.35–0.55	0.15–0.25
4815	0.13–0.18	0.40–0.60	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	3.25–3.75	...	0.20–0.30
4817	0.15–0.20	0.40–0.60	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	3.25–3.75	...	0.20–0.30
4820	0.18–0.23	0.50–0.70	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	3.25–3.75	...	0.20–0.30
5015	0.12–0.17	0.30–0.50	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.30–0.50	...
5046	0.43–0.50	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.20–0.35	...
5115	0.13–0.18	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
5120	0.17–0.22	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
5130	0.28–0.33	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	...
5132	0.30–0.35	0.60–0.80	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.75–1.00	...
5135	0.33–0.38	0.60–0.80	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.05	...
5140	0.38–0.43	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
5145	0.43–0.48	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
5147	0.46–0.51	0.70–0.95	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.85–1.15	...
5150	0.48–0.53	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
5155	0.51–0.59	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
5160	0.56–0.64	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
52100^E	0.93–1.05	0.25–0.45	0.025	0.015	0.15–0.35	Ubuningi obungu-0.25	1.35–1.60	Ubuningi obungu-0.10
I-E50100	0.98–1.10	0.25–0.45	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	...	0.40–0.60	...
E51100	0.98–1.10	0.25–0.45	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	...	0.90–1.15	...
I-E52100	0.98–1.10	0.25–0.45	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	...	1.30–1.60	...
								I-Vanadium

6118	0.16–0.21	0.50–0.70	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.50–0.70	0.10–0.15
6120	0.17–0.22	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	0.10 iminithi
6150	0.48–0.53	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.80–1.10	0.15 min

						I-Aluminium		I-Molybdenum

E7140	0.38–0.43	0.50–0.70	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.40	0.95–1.30	1.40–1.80	0.30–0.40

						I-Nickel

8115	0.13–0.18	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.20–0.40	0.30–0.50	0.08–0.15
8615	0.13–0.18	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8617	0.15–0.20	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8620	0.18–0.23	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8622	0.20–0.25	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8625	0.23–0.28	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8627	0.25–0.30	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8630	0.28–0.33	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8637	0.35–0.40	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8640	0.38–0.43	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8642	0.40–0.45	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8645	0.43–0.48	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8650	0.48–0.53	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8655	0.51–0.59	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8660	0.55–0.65	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
8720	0.18–0.23	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.20–0.30
8735	0.33–0.38	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.20–0.30
8740	0.38–0.43	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.20–0.30
8742	0.40–0.45	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.20–0.30
8822	0.20–0.25	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.30–0.40
9255	0.51–0.59	0.60–0.80	0.04	0.04	1.80–2.20	...	0.60–0.80	...
9260	0.56–0.64	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	1.80–2.20	...	...	...
9262	0.55–0.65	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	1.80–2.20	...	0.25–0.40	...
I-E9310	0.08–0.13	0.45–0.65	0.025	0.025	0.15–0.35	3.00–3.50	1.00–1.40	0.08–0.15
9840	0.38–0.42	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.85–1.15	0.70–0.90	0.20–0.30
9850	0.48–0.53	0.70–0.90	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.85–1.15	0.70–0.90	0.20–0.30
50B40	0.38–0.42	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.40–0.60	...
50B44	0.43–0.48	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.40–0.60	...
50B46	0.43–0.50	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.20–0.35	...
50B50	0.48–0.53	0.74–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.40–0.60	...
50B60	0.55–0.65	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.40–0.60	...
51B60	0.56–0.64	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	...	0.70–0.90	...
81B45	0.43–0.48	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.20–0.40	0.35–0.55	0.08–0.15
86B45	0.43–0.48	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.40–0.70	0.40–0.60	0.15–0.25
94B15	0.13–0.18	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.30–0.60	0.30–0.50	0.08–0.15
94B17	0.15–0.20	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.30–0.60	0.30–0.50	0.08–0.15
94B30	0.28–0.33	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.30–0.60	0.30–0.50	0.08–0.15
94B40	0.38–0.43	0.75–1.00	0.04	0.04	0.15–0.35	0.30–0.60	0.30–0.50	0.08–0.15

^BAmabanga aboniswe kuleli thebula anohlamvu B, njengo-50B40, angalindelwa ukuthi abe nokulawula okuncane kwe-boron okungu-0.0005%.^AAmabanga aboniswe kuleli thebula anohlamvu lokuqala u-E ngokuvamile akhiqizwa yinqubo yesithando sikagesi esiyisisekelo. Zonke ezinye zivame ukukhiqizwa yinqubo yesithando sikagesi esiyisisekelo kodwa zingakhiqizwa yinqubo yesithando sikagesi esiyisisekelo ngokulungiswa kwe-phosphorus nesulfure.

^CImikhawulo ye-phosphorus sulphur yenqubo ngayinye yilena elandelayo:

Isithando sikagesi esiyisisekelo 0.025 ubuningi % Isithando sikagesi esine-asidi 0.050 ubuningi %

Iziko elivulekile eliyisisekelo 0.040 ubuningi % Iziko elivulekile eline-asidi 0.050 ubuningi %

^DOkuqukethwe kwe-sulfur okuncane kakhulu nokuphezulu kubonisa izinsimbi eziphinde zaphekwa nge-sulfur.

^EUmthengi angacacisa amanani aphezulu alandelayo: ithusi, 0.30%; i-aluminium, 0.050%; kanye nomoya-mpilo, 0.0015%.

Impahla Yomshini

Izakhiwo Ezivamile Zokuthamba, Ukuqina kanye Nesimo Sokushisa Kwamanye Amabanga Ajwayelekile E-Carbon kanye Ne-Alloy Steels

I-CW—I-SR Esebenza Ngomkhuhlane—Ikhulule Ukucindezeleka A—I-Annealed N—IjwayelekileA Lokhu okulandelayo yizincazelo zezimpawu zezimo ezahlukahlukene: I-HR—I-Hot Rolle

Ibanga	Isimo-	Okokugcina		Veza		Ukwelulwa	uRockwell,
Umklamo-	isenzo^A	Amandla,		Amandla,		ku-2 in. noma	Ubulukhuni
isizwe						50 mm, %	Isikali B
		ksi	I-MPa	ksi	I-MPa	50 mm, %	Isikali B
		ksi	I-MPa	ksi	I-MPa

1020	HR	50	345	32	221	25	55
	CW	70	483	60	414	5	75
	SR	65	448	50	345	10	72
	A	48	331	28	193	30	50
	N	55	379	34	234	22	60
1025	HR	55	379	35	241	25	60
	CW	75	517	65	448	5	80
	SR	70	483	55	379	8	75
	A	53	365	30	207	25	57
	N	55	379	36	248	22	60
1035	HR	65	448	40	276	20	72
	CW	85	586	75	517	5	88
	SR	75	517	65	448	8	80
	A	60	414	33	228	25	67
	N	65	448	40	276	20	72
1045	HR	75	517	45	310	15	80
	CW	90	621	80	552	5	90
	SR	80	552	70	483	8	85
	A	65	448	35	241	20	72
	N	75	517	48	331	15	80
1050	HR	80	552	50	345	10	85
	SR	82	565	70	483	6	86
	A	68	469	38	262	18	74
	N	78	538	50	345	12	82
1118	HR	50	345	35	241	25	55
	CW	75	517	60	414	5	80
	SR	70	483	55	379	8	75
	A	50	345	30	207	25	55
	N	55	379	35	241	20	60
1137	HR	70	483	40	276	20	75
	CW	80	552	65	448	5	85
	SR	75	517	60	414	8	80
	A	65	448	35	241	22	72
	N	70	483	43	296	15	75
4130	HR	90	621	70	483	20	89
	SR	105	724	85	586	10	95
	A	75	517	55	379	30	81
	N	90	621	60	414	20	89
4140	HR	120	855	90	621	15	100
	SR	120	855	100	689	10	100
	A	80	552	60	414	25	85
	N	120	855	90	621	20	100

Ukubekezelelana

Ukubekezelelana Kwangaphandle Kobubanzi Bepayipi Eliyindilinga Eliqediwe Ngokushisayo^A^,^B^,^C

Ububanzi Bobubanzi Bangaphandle,	Ukubekezelelana Kwangaphandle Kobubanzi, ngaphakathi. (mm)
ngaphakathi. (mm)	Kuphelile	Ngaphansi
Kufika ku-2.999 (76.17)	0.020 (0.51)	0.020 (0.51)
3.000–4.499 (76.20–114.27)	0.025 (0.64)	0.025 (0.64)
4.500–5.999 (114.30–152.37)	0.031 (0.79)	0.031 (0.79)
6.000–7.499 (152.40–190.47)	0.037 (0.94)	0.037 (0.94)
7.500–8.999 (190.50–228.57)	0.045 (1.14)	0.045 (1.14)
9.000–10.750 (228.60–273.05)	0.050 (1.27)	0.050 (1.27)

Ukubekezelelana kwe-A Diameter akusebenzi ezimweni ezijwayelekile nezithambile noma ezicinyiwe nezithambile.

Ububanzi obujwayelekile bosayizi bamashubhu aqediwe ashisayo bungu-1¹⁄2 in. (38.1 mm) kuya ku-10³Ububanzi bangaphandle obungu-⁄4 in. (273.0 mm) obunobukhulu bodonga okungenani obungu-3% noma ngaphezulu kobubanzi bangaphandle, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0.095 in. (2.41 mm).

C Osayizi abakhulu bayatholakala; xhumana nomkhiqizi ukuze uthole osayizi kanye nokubekezelelana.

Ukubekezelela Ubukhulu Bodonga Kwe-Round Hot-Finished

Ukufaka amapayipi

Ubukhulu Bodonga	Ukubekezelela Ubukhulu Bodonga,^Aiphesenti Elingaphezulu
Ibanga njengephesenti		futhi Ngaphansi Kwegama Elijwayelekile
Kwangaphandle
Kwangaphandle	Ngaphandle	Ngaphandle	Ngaphandle
Ububanzi	Ngaphandle	Ngaphandle	Ngaphandle
Ububanzi	Ububanzi	Ububanzi	Ububanzi
	Ububanzi	Ububanzi	Ububanzi
	2.999 in.	3.000 in.	6.000 in.
	(76.19 mm)	(76.20 mm)	(152.40 mm)
	futhi kuncane	kuya ku-5.999 in.	kuya ku-10.750 in.
		(152.37 mm)	(273.05 mm)

Ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15	12.5	10.0	10.0
Abaneminyaka engu-15 nangaphezulu	10.0	7.5	10.0

Ukubekezelelana kobukhulu bodonga kungenzeka kungasebenzi ezindongeni ezingama-0.199 in. (5.05 mm) noma ngaphansi; xhumana nomkhiqizi ukuze uthole ukubekezelelana kodonga kulawo mashubhu.

ubukhulu obubaluleke kakhulu, khona-ke amapayipi asebenza ngokubandayo kufanele achazwe ububanzi bangaphakathi nobukhulu bodonga noma ububanzi bangaphandle nobubanzi bangaphakathi.

Amapayipi Omshini Aguquliwe Kanzima—Ukushintshashintsha kobubanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga akumele kudlule ukubekezelelana okuseThebuleni. Ithebula limboza ukubekezelelana njengoba kusetshenziswa kobubanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga futhi lisebenza kusayizi ocacisiwe.

Ipayipi Lomshini Osetshenziswa Emhlabathini—Ukushintshashintsha kobubanzi bangaphandle akufanele kudlule ukubekezelelana okuseThebula. Lo mkhiqizo uvame ukukhiqizwa ngepayipi elisebenza ngokubandayo.

Ubude—Amapayipi omshini avame ukufakwa ngobude bomshini, 5 ft (1.5 m) nangaphezulu. Ubude obuqondile bokusika bufakwa uma buchazwe ngumthengi. Ukubekezelelana kobude kuboniswe kuThebula.

Ukuqonda—Ukubekezelelana kokuqonda kwamapayipi ayindilinga angenamthungo akumele kudlule amanani aboniswe kuThebula.

Isidingo Sokuhlolwa

1. Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni
Uma kudingeka imikhawulo yobulukhuni, umenzi kufanele abonisane naye. Ubulukhuni obujwayelekile bubhalwe kuThebula. Uma kuchazwe, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kufanele kwenziwe ku-1% wamapayipi.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka
Uma kudingeka izakhiwo zokubopha, umenzi kufanele abonisane naye. Izakhiwo zokubopha ezijwayelekile zezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kanye nezimo zokushisa zibhalwe etafuleni.

3. Ukuhlolwa Okungabhubhisi
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic noma kwe-electromagnetic okungonakalisi ziyatholakala. Ukuhlolwa okuzosetshenziswa kanye nemikhawulo yokuhlola kuzobekwa yisivumelwano somkhiqizi nomthengi.

4. Ukuhlolwa Kokuvutha
Uma kunezidingo ezikhethekile zokuhlanzeka kwensimbi, izindlela zokuhlola kanye nemikhawulo yokwamukelwa kufanele kumiswe yisivumelwano somkhiqizi nomthengi.