Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali

I-Gr.3: Umxholo wekhabhoni ≤0.19%, umxholo we-silicon 0.18%-0.37%, umxholo we-manganese 0.31%-0.64%, umxholo we-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur ≤0.025%, kwaye ikwaqulathe i-3.18%-3.82% ye-nickel.

I-Gr.6: Umxholo wekhabhoni ≤0.30%, umxholo we-silicon ≥0.10%, umxholo we-manganese 0.29%-1.06%, umxholo we-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur Zonke ≤0.025%.

Iipropati zoomatshini

I-Gr.3: amandla okutsalwa ≥450MPa, amandla okukhupha ≥240MPa, ukunwebeka ≥30% ubude, ≥20% ngokunqamlezayo, ubushushu bovavanyo olunempembelelo ephantsi yi--150°F (-100°C).

I-Gr.6: amandla okutsalwa ≥415MPa, amandla okukhupha ≥240MPa, ukunwebeka ≥30% ubude, ≥16.5% ngokunqamlezayo, ubushushu bovavanyo olunempembelelo ephantsi yi--50°F (-45°C).

Inkqubo yemveliso

Ukunyibilikisa: Sebenzisa isithando sombane okanye isixhobo sokuguqula kunye nezinye izixhobo ukususa ioksijini, ukususa inkunkuma kunye nokuxuba intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ukuze ufumane intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ecocekileyo.

Ukuqengqeleka: Faka intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwisixhobo sokuqengqeleka setyhubhu ukuze uqengqeleke, wehlise kancinci ububanzi betyhubhu uze ufumane ubukhulu bodonga obufunekayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ulungise umphezulu wetyhubhu yentsimbi.

Ukucubungula ngobushushu: Ngokusebenzisa ukucoca ngobushushu obufana nokuzoba ngobushushu obubandayo okanye ukuqengqeleka ngobushushu obubandayo, ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wetyhubhu yentsimbi kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi.

Unyango lobushushu: Ngokubanzi, luziswa kwimeko yokulungisa okanye yokulungisa nokulungisa ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo oluseleyo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu yentsimbi kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwayo okubanzi.

Intsimi yesicelo

I-Petrochemical: Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imibhobho yemikhumbi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nemibhobho yokutshintshiselana nobushushu obuphantsi kwimimandla yepetroleum, imboni yeekhemikhali, njl.njl., enokwanelisa iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, njengegesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo. Iitanki zokugcina igesi yendalo, imibhobho yokudlulisa enobushushu obuphantsi, njl.njl.

Igesi yendalo: Ifanelekile kwiipayipi zokuhambisa igesi yendalo kunye neetanki zokugcina igesi kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi.

Amanye amacandelo: Ikwasetyenziswa kumandla, kwi-aerospace, nasekwakheni iinqanawa, njengezixhobo eziphambili zokwakha ii-condenser, ii-boilers kunye nezinye izixhobo kwizixhobo zamandla, kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zokwakha iinkqubo ze-hydraulic, iinkqubo zamafutha kunye nezinye izixhobo kwicandelo le-aerospace.

Iinkcukacha kunye nobukhulu

Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu zinoluhlu olubanzi, njengobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-21.3-711mm, ubukhulu bodonga obuyi-2-120mm, njl.
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-Gr.6, ingakumbi i-ASTM A333/A333M GR.6 okanye i-SA-333/I-SA333M GR.6Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo obushushu obuphantsi, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo semizi-mveliso, esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kunye namandla aphezulu. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-Gr.6:

1. Imigangatho yokusetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo

Imigangatho yokusetyenziswa: Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-Gr.6 usebenzisa imigangatho ye-ASTM A333/A333M okanye i-ASME SA-333/SA333M, ekhutshwa yi-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) kunye ne-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) kwaye isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukucacisa iimfuno zobugcisa zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi edibeneyo yobushushu obuphantsi.

Izinto: Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-Gr.6 ngumbhobho wentsimbi ongena-nickel ongenabushushu buphantsi, osebenzisa intsimbi eqinileyo ethambileyo enomhluzi ophantsi wobushushu obuphantsi e-aluminium, eyaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi ebuleweyo ye-aluminium. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwe-metallographic yi-cubic ferrite egxile emzimbeni.

2. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali

Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-Gr.6 kubandakanya ikakhulu:

Ikhabhoni (C): Umxholo uphantsi, ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-0.30%, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni ukuqhekeka kwentsimbi.

IManganese (Mn): Umxholo uphakathi kwe-0.29% kunye ne-1.06%, nto leyo enokuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi.

I-Silicon (Si): Umxholo uphakathi kwe-0.10% kunye ne-0.37%, nto leyo enceda inkqubo yokukhupha i-oxidation kwintsimbi kwaye inokunyusa amandla entsimbi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

I-Phosphorus (P) kunye ne-sulfur (S): Njengezinto ezingcolileyo, umxholo wazo ulinganiselwe ngokungqongqo, ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-0.025%, kuba umxholo ophezulu we-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur uya kunciphisa ukuqina kunye nokudityaniswa kwentsimbi.

Ezinye izinto ezidibanisayo: ezifana ne-chromium (Cr), i-nickel (Ni), i-molybdenum (Mo), njl., umxholo wazo ulawulwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwentsimbi.

3. Iimpawu zoomatshini

Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-Gr.6 uneempawu ezintle kakhulu zoomatshini, kuquka:

Amandla okutsalwa: Ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-415 kunye ne-655 MPa, eqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wentsimbi unokugcina ulungelelwano lwesakhiwo kwaye uthintele ukuqhekeka xa uphantsi koxinzelelo.

Amandla okuvelisa: Ixabiso eliphantsi limalunga ne-240 MPa (inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-200 MPa), ukuze ingabi nakuguquka okugqithisileyo phantsi kwamandla athile angaphandle.

Ukwandiswa: kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-30%, oko kuthetha ukuba umbhobho wentsimbi unamandla okuguqula iplastiki kakuhle kwaye unokuvelisa ukuguqulwa okuthile ngaphandle kokuqhekeka xa usoluliwe ngamandla angaphandle. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, kuba ubushushu obuphantsi bunokwenza izinto zibe buthathaka, kwaye ukuqina kakuhle kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala okunjalo.

Ukuqina kwempembelelo: Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi elithile (elifana ne--45°C), amandla empembelelo kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zamanani ngokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lwempembelelo lweCharpy ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wentsimbi awuyi kuqhekeka phantsi kwefuthe lobushushu eliphantsi.