Imibhobho edibeneyoZihlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu ngokusekwe kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye neepateni ze-weld: i-ERW (iipayipi ezijijekileyo ezimelana nokumelana), i-LSAW (iipayipi ezijijekileyo ezijijekileyo ezisicaba), kunye ne-HSAW/SSAW (iipayipi ezijijekileyo ezijijekileyo ezijijekileyo ezijikelezileyo).

Iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa nganye nganye ineengongoma ezahlukeneyo. Ngamafutshane: I-ERW yenzelwe ikakhulu ububanzi obuncinci nobuphakathi, igxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka; I-LSAWIgqwesile kwiidayamitha ezinkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiiprojekthi ezinomngcipheko ophezulu; ngelixa i-HSAW inokuvelisa iidayamitha ezinkulu kakhulu isebenzisa izixhobo ezimxinwa, nto leyo enika ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Uthelekiso lweeNtlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeMbhobho eziWelding zeMizi-mveliso

Okokuqala, ndiqokelele umahluko wabo ophambili kwitheyibhile yesishwankathelo ukuze ndiwuqwalasele ngokukhawuleza:

Ubungakanani bokuthelekisa	I-ERW(Ukuwelda okuxhathisa umbane)	I-LSAW(Ukuwelda kwe-Arc engaphantsi komhlaba eLongitudinal)	I-HSAW(Ukuwelda kwe-Arc efakwe kwi-Helical) / SSAW
imilo yokuwelda	Umthungo othe nkqo othe nkqo, ohambelana nomzimba wetyhubhu	Umthungo othe nkqo othe nkqo, ohambelana nomzimba wetyhubhu	Umthungo we-Spiral weld, ojikeleze umzimba wetyhubhu
Impahla engekasilwa	Ikhoyili yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu	Ipleyiti enye etyebileyo	Iikhoyili zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo okanye intsimbi enomtya omxinwa
Ububanzi obuSebenzayo	Encinci ukuya kwephakathi (ngesiqhelo≤610 mm)	Phakathi ukuya kutsho kubukhulu (ngesiqhelo yi-406 mm–1500 mm)	Inkulu ukuya kwenkulu kakhulu (ngesiqhelo yi-219 mm–3660 mm)
Indlela yokuWelda	Ukumelana ne-frequency ephezuluukuwelda, ngaphandle kocingo lokuwelda	Ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi kwamanzi okumacala amabini, kusetyenziswa ucingo lokuwelda kunye ne-flux	Ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi kwamanzi okumacala amabini, kusetyenziswa ucingo lokuwelda kunye ne-flux
ixabiso	Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu	I-weld ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.	Izinto ezimxinwa zingasetyenziswaukuvelisa iityhubhu ezinkulu ezinotyalo-mali oluncinci lwezixhobo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
ukusilela	Kuphela okukwaziyo ukuvelisa imibhobho enodonga oluncinci enobubanzi obuncinci ukuya kobuphakathi, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zokuwelda.	Le nkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibiza kakhulu.	Ubude be-weld yi-1.5–Izihlandlo ezi-2 zombhobhoubude, kunye nolawulo olubi lobukhulu bejometri.
Isicelo esiqhelekileyo	Igesi yasezidolophini, iimveliso zepetroleum ezicociweyo, kunye nokuthuthwa kolwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo	Imibhobho yeoyile negesi ehamba umgama omde, inobungozi obukhuluiindawo ezifana nemimandla ebandayo kunye nolwandle, kunye neeprojekthi zobunjineli bangaphandle	Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngobubanzi obukhulu, ukuqhuba iinqwaba, imibhobho yesakhiwo, ukuthuthwa kolwelo ngokubanzi
Indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu (HAZ)	ncinci	ncinci	nkulu
ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso	Ukuphakama (~iimitha ezili-12 ngomzuzu)	Phakathi (~4 iimitha ngomzuzu)	Iphantsi (~iimitha ezi-2 ngomzuzu)

Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweeNtlobo zeePipe eziWelded

Ityhubhu ye-ERW (yokuWelda yokumelana nombane)

I-ERW isebenzisa ikakhulu isiphumo sesikhumba kunye nesiphumo sokusondela kombane ukufudumeza imiphetho yomcu wentsimbi ukuya kwimeko enyibilikisiweyo, kulandeleNgokusebenzisa uxinzelelo ukuze kufunyanwe i-fusion. Akukho cingo lokuwelda longezwayo kuyo yonke inkqubo.

Iingenelo kunye nemida ephambili: Umbhobho we-ERWii-welds zimfutshane, zigudileimithungo echanekileyo kakhulu ngobukhulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Nangona kunjalo, le nto ibuthathaka kulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali, kwaye kukho umngcipheko weziphene zokudityaniswa okungaphelelanga kwi-welds.

Imveliso kunye neMigangatho: Inkqubo ye-ERW isebenzisa umgca wemveliso oqhubekekayo okhawulezayo, ofanelekileyo kwimveliso enkuluImigangatho ephambili yokuthobela imithetho iquka i-API 5L kunye ne-GB/T 9711.1.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa: Yeyona nto iphambili kwicandelo leepayipi ezincinci neziphakathi, ngokubanziisetyenziswa ekuhanjisweni nasekuhanjisweni kwegesi ezidolophini, ukuthuthwa kweoyile ecociweyo, uthungelwano lwamanzi, kunye nenkxaso yesakhiwo sezakhiwo.

Umbhobho we-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) othe tye ofakwe kwi-arc welded

Kwinkqubo ye-LSW, ipleyiti enye yentsimbi icinezelwa kuqala ibe yimo ye-cylindrical kumatshini wokwenza, nto leyo eyenza kube nokuvulwa okude. Emva koko, ucingo lwe-filler welding lusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza i-arc welding engaphantsi kwamacala amabini kwiindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zetyhubhu engenanto.

Iindlela Zokwenza: Iinkqubo eziphambili zokwakha ziquka i-UOE, i-JCOE, kunye ne-HME. Phakathi kwezi, indlela ye-UOE, equkaInkqubo yokwandisa ububanzi emva kokuwelda, isusa ngempumelelo uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kakhulu kwemveliso egqityiweyo.

Inzuzo engundoqo: Umthungo we-weld umele indawo ebuthathaka kakhulu kwisakhiwo sepayipi. Zonke iingenelo zepayipi ze-LSAWzivela kwinkqubo yazo yokuwelda echanekileyo nelawulekayo, nto leyo ebangela umgangatho wokuwelda ophezulu kakhulu.

Imigangatho kunye nezixhobo: Ngokuyintloko kukuthobela imigangatho efana ne-API 5L kunye ne-GB/T 9711, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho wezinto kunye neenkqubo zemveliso.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa: Isebenza "njengombhobho otyunjiweyo" wezicelo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu/ezinexabiso eliphezulu, njengemigca ephambili yesiquimibhobho yeoyile negesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, iindawo ezibanda kakhulu okanye ezishukumayo, kunye nemibhobho enqumla imilambo.

Umbhobho we-HSAW (i-Helical Submerged Arc Welding)

I-HSAW (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-SSAW) ibandakanya ukondla rhoqo umcu wentsimbi kumatshini wokwenza izinto kwi-engile ethile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uqhubeke ngokujikelezayo njengesipringi esijijekileyo, kunye nemiphetho yaso idibana ukuze yenze umthungo ojijekileyo. Emva koko, umthungi we-arc ongaphantsi kwamanzi onamacaleni amabini udibanisa lo mthungo ngokuqinileyo.

Amandla kunye nobuthathaka obuphambili: Izixhobo ziyaguquguquka, kodwaUbude be-spiral weld bunyuswe kakhulu. Ngokwembono yohlalutyo loxinzelelo, i-weldinokuphepha icala eliphambili loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi; nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo akulungelanga phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zoxinzelelo ezifana nomthwalo we-seismic.

Uhlu kunye neMigangatho: Ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo woxinzelelo, zingahlulwahlulwa zibe yimibhobho yokudlulisela ulwelo ngokubanzi (umz., umgangatho we-SY/T5037) kunye nemibhobho yokudlulisela ulwelo oluthwala uxinzelelo (umz., umgangatho we-GB/T 9711).

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa: Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokuhambisa amanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi ezikude, ezinobubanzi obukhulu, iipayipi zokufudumeza zasezidolophini, kunye nezakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo wesiseko seenqanawa kunye neebhulorho.

Isishwankathelo: Ungakhetha njani?

Ngokubanzi, ukukhetha umbhobho odibeneyo ofanelekileyo kubandakanya ukutshintshiselana phakathi kokusebenza, iindleko kunye nomngcipheko.

Ukusebenza kuqala, iindleko azibalulekanga: beka phambili i-LSAW.

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Kwizicelo zesiqhelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezifana nokuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi kunye neenethiwekhi zemibhobho yasezidolophini, i-ERW lukhetho olukhethekileyo.

Ukufikelela ngokwezoqoqosho kwiidayamitha ezinkulu kakhulu: Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezifuna uxinzelelo olukhululekileyo kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho we-weld—njengokuhambisa amanzi kunye nokuqhuba iinqwaba—I-HSAW yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo.