Ipayipi lensimbi elinobubanzi bangaphandle nobukhulu bodonga obungaphansi kwama-20 libizwa ngokuthi ipayipi lensimbi elinodonga olujiyile.

Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamapayipi okubhoboza e-petroleum geological, amapayipi okuqhekeka embonini ye-petrochemical, amapayipi e-boiler, amapayipi okuthwala kanye namapayipi okwakheka anembe kakhulu ezimotweni, ogandaganda, kanye nezindiza.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo

1. Ukugoqa okushisayo (ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elikhishwe): i-billet yeshubhu eliyindilinga → ukushisa → ukubhoboza → ukugoqa okunemiphetho emithathu, ukugoqa okuqhubekayo noma ukukhipha → ukususwa kwepayipi → usayizi (noma ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → Ukuqondisa → ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic (noma ukutholwa kwamaphutha) → ukumaka → indawo yokugcina impahla.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokugoqa amapayipi angenamthungo yi-billet yepayipi eliyindilinga, Ama-billet epayipi eliyindilinga asikwa ngomshini wokusika abe yi-billet enobude obungaba yimitha eli-1 bese ethunyelwa esithandweni somlilo ukuze afudumale ngebhande lokuhambisa. I-billet ifakwa esithandweni somlilo bese ishiswa ekushiseni okungaba ngu-1200 degrees Celsius. Uphethiloli yi-hydrogen noma i-acetylene. Ukulawulwa kokushisa esithandweni somlilo kuyinkinga ebalulekile. Ngemva kokuba ipayipi eliyindilinga seliphumile esithandweni somlilo, kumele libhobozwe ngomshini wokubhoboza ingcindezi. Ngokuvamile, umshini wokubhoboza ovame kakhulu umshini wokubhoboza onama-roller athambile. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokubhoboza lunokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo enhle, ukwanda kobubanzi bokubhoboza okukhulu, futhi lungagqoka izinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi. Ngemva kokubhoboza, i-billet yepayipi eliyindilinga igoqwa ngokulandelana, igoqwe njalo noma ikhishwe ngama-roll amathathu. Ngemva kokucindezela, susa ipayipi bese ulinganisa. Umshini wokulinganisa ujikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu nge-conical drill bit ukuze ubhoboze imigodi endaweni engenalutho yensimbi ukuze kwakheke ipayipi lensimbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi lensimbi bunqunywa ubude bobubanzi bangaphandle bento yokubhoboza yomshini wokulinganisa. Ngemva kokuba ipayipi lensimbi selilinganisiwe, lingena embhoshongweni wokupholisa bese lipholiswa ngamanzi afafazwayo. Ngemva kokuba ipayipi lensimbi selipholile, lizoqondiswa. Ngemva kokuqondisa, ipayipi lensimbi lithunyelwa kumtholi wezinkinga zensimbi (noma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic) ngebhande lokuhambisa ukuze kutholakale izinkinga zangaphakathi. Uma kukhona imifantu, amabhamuza, njll. ngaphakathi kwepayipi lensimbi, lizobonwa. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamapayipi ensimbi, kudingeka ukukhetha okuqinile ngesandla. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yepayipi lensimbi, penda inombolo ye-serial, imininingwane, inombolo yebhetshi yokukhiqiza, njll. ngopende. Liphakanyiswa endlini yokugcina impahla nge-crane.

2. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elidonswe ngokubandayo (eligoqiwe): ishubhu eliyindilinga i-billet → ukushisa → ukubhoboza → isihloko → ukunamathisela → ukukhahlela → ukugcoba amafutha (i-copper plating) → ukudweba okubandayo okunama-multi-pass (ukugoqa okubandayo) → ishubhu le-billet → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuqondisa → amanzi Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela (ukutholwa kwamaphutha) → uphawu → indawo yokugcina impahla.

Ukuhlukaniswa kokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi okungenamthungo - ipayipi eligoqiwe elishisayo, ipayipi eligoqiwe elibandayo, ipayipi elidonswayo elibandayo, ipayipi elikhishwe ngaphandle, i-jacking yamapayipi

1. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lesakhiwo (GB/T8162-1999) lipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lesakhiwo esijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo semishini.

2. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo okuthuthwa koketshezi (GB/T8163-1999) angamapayipi ensimbi ajwayelekile angenamthungo asetshenziselwa ukuthutha amanzi, uwoyela, igesi kanye nolunye uketshezi.

3. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ama-boilers anomfutho ophansi nophakathi (GB3087-1999) asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amapayipi omusi ashisayo kakhulu, amapayipi amanzi abilayo ama-boilers anomfutho ophansi nophakathi ezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kanye namapayipi omusi ashisayo kakhulu ama-boilers e-locomotive, amapayipi amakhulu omlilo, amapayipi amancane omlilo kanye nezitini ze-arch Insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ashiswayo nadonswayo abandayo (agoqiwe) angenamthungo amapayipi.

4. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo amabhoyila anomfutho ophezulu (GB5310-1995) ayinsimbi yekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu, insimbi ye-alloy kanye namapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo angenamthungo amelana nokushisa ebusweni bokushisa bamabhoyila amanzi anomfutho ophezulu nangaphezulu.

5. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo aphezulu emishini yomanyolo (GB6479-2000) angamapayipi ensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nensimbi ye-alloy angenamthungo afanelekela imishini yamakhemikhali kanye namapayipi anokushisa kokusebenza okungu--40~400℃ kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza engu-10~30Ma.

6. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo okuqhekeka kwephethiloli (GB9948-88) angamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo afanelekela amapayipi esithando, ama-heat exchanger kanye namapayipi ezindaweni zokuhlanza i-pethiloli.

7. Amapayipi ensimbi okubhoboza i-geological (YB235-70) amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukubhoboza i-core yiminyango ye-geological. Angahlukaniswa ngamapayipi okubhoboza, amakhola okubhoboza, amapayipi ayinhloko, amapayipi okufaka kanye namapayipi okuthungwa kwenhlabathi ngokwezinhloso zawo.

8. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo okubhoboza i-diamond core (GB3423-82) angamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo amapayipi okubhoboza, izinduku eziyinhloko, kanye nezimbobo ezisetshenziselwa ukubhoboza i-diamond core.

9. Ipayipi lokubhoboza uphethiloli (YB528-65) lipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elisetshenziselwa ukuqina ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokubhoboza uwoyela. Amapayipi ensimbi ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ucingo kanye nongaxhunywanga. Amapayipi anezintambo axhunywe ngamajoyinti, kanti amapayipi angenazintambo axhunywe ngamajoyinti amathuluzi ngokushisela izinqe.

10. Amapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo yensimbi yekhabhoni yemikhumbi (GB5213-85) angamapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo yensimbi yekhabhoni asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zamapayipi okucindezela ekilasi I, izinhlelo zamapayipi okucindezela ekilasi II, amabhoyila nama-superheater. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lodonga lwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo yensimbi yekhabhoni alidluli ku-450℃, kanti elodonga lwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo yensimbi ehlanganisiwe lidlula ku-450℃.

11. Amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo emikhono ye-axle yemoto (GB3088-82) angamashubhu ensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo ye-alloy egoqekile kahle enziwe nge-hot-rolled seamless steel yokwenziwa kwamashubhu e-axle yemoto kanye namashubhu e-axle e-drive axle.

12. Amapayipi kawoyela anomfutho ophezulu wezinjini zedizili (GB3093-86) angamapayipi ensimbi adonswa ngokubandayo angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amapayipi anomfutho ophezulu wezinhlelo zokujova injini yedizili.

13. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anobubanzi obuqondile bangaphakathi bamasilinda e-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic (GB8713-88) angamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anobude obuqondile bangaphakathi bokwenziwa kwamasilinda e-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic (GB8713-88) angamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anobude obuqondile bangaphakathi bokwenziwa kwamasilinda e-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic.

14. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elidonswa ngokubandayo noma eligoqwe ngokubandayo (GB3639-83) lipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elidonswa ngokubandayo noma eligoqwe ngokubandayo elinokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kwendawo yesakhiwo semishini kanye nemishini ye-hydraulic. Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anembile ukukhiqiza izakhiwo zemishini noma imishini ye-hydraulic kungasindisa kakhulu amahora okusebenza kwemishini, kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kusize ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

15. Ipayipi lensimbi engenasici yesakhiwo (GB/T14975-1994) liyinsimbi engenasici egoqekile eshisayo eyenziwe ngamapayipi amelana nokugqwala kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, uphethiloli, izindwangu, ezokwelapha, ukudla, imishini kanye neminye imboni (Amashubhu ensimbi akhulisiwe, anwetshiwe) kanye nabandayo adonswayo (agoqekile).

16. Amapayipi ensimbi angenasici angenasici okuthuthwa koketshezi (GB/T14976-1994) angamapayipi ensimbi angenasici aqhutshwa ngokushisa (akhishwayo, anwetshiwe) kanye namapayipi ensimbi adonswa ngokubandayo (agoqwe) angenasici enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali ukuthuthwa koketshezi.

17. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elinobunjwa obukhethekile liyigama elijwayelekile lamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anezimo ezinqamula ngaphandle kwamapayipi ayindilinga. Ngokusho kobunjwa obuhlukile nobukhulu besigaba sepayipi lensimbi, lingahlukaniswa libe ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elinobunjwa obulinganayo (ikhodi D), ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elinobunjwa obukhethekile (ikhodi BD), kanye nepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elinobunjwa obuguquguqukayo (ikhodi BJ). Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anobunjwa obukhethekile asetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesakhiwo, amathuluzi kanye nezingxenye zemishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi ayindilinga, amapayipi anebunjwa obukhethekile ngokuvamile anezikhathi ezinkulu ze-inertia kanye ne-section modulus, futhi anokumelana okukhulu kokugoba kanye nokugoba, okunganciphisa kakhulu isisindo sesakhiwo futhi konge insimbi.

Ngokuvamile, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo enziwe ngezinsimbi zekhabhoni eziyi-10, 20, 30, 35, 45 kanye nezinye izinsimbi zekhabhoni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-16Mn, 5MnV kanye nezinye izinsimbi zesakhiwo eziphansi noma i-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe ngokugoqa okushisayo noma ngokugoqa okubandayo. Amapayipi angenamthungo enziwe ngensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni njenge-10 kanye ne-20 asetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi okuthutha amanzi. Amapayipi angenamthungo enziwe ngensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni njenge-45 kanye ne-40Cr asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye zemishini, njengezingxenye ezicindezelwe zezimoto namatrakta.　Ngokuvamile, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kumele asetshenziswe ekuhlolweni kwamandla kanye nokuthamba. Amapayipi ensimbi aguqayo ashisayo alethwa esimweni sokuguqayo noma esimweni sokuphathwa ukushisa; amapayipi ensimbi aguqayo abandayo alethwa esimweni sokushisa okushisayo. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo amabhoyila anomfutho ophansi nophakathi: asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amabhoyila ahlukahlukene anomfutho ophansi nophakathi, amapayipi omusi ashisayo kakhulu, amapayipi amanzi abilayo, amapayipi odonga lwamanzi namapayipi omusi ashisayo kakhulu amabhoyila esitimela, amapayipi amakhulu omusi, amapayipi amancane omusi kanye namapayipi ezitini ezigobile.

　　Sebenzisa ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lekhwalithi ephezulu eligoqwe ngokushisa noma eligoqwe ngokushisa (dial) eligoqwe ngokushisa. Lenziwe kakhulu ngensimbi enguNombolo 10 kanye neNombolo 20. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic, njengokugoqwa, ukufuthwa, kanye nokuthamba, kumele kwenziwe. Imikhiqizo egoqwe ngokushisa ilethwa esimweni sokugoqwa ngokushisa, kanti imikhiqizo egoqwe ngokushisa ilethwa esimweni sokuphathwa ngokushisa.

18.GB18248-2000 (Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lamasilinda egesi) lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amasilinda ahlukahlukene egesi kanye ne-hydraulic. Izinto ezimele yona yi-37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, njll.

Thola amapayipi ensimbi angombombayi nangaphansi anodonga olujiyile

1. Amapayipi ensimbi angodongeni olujiyile alula ukuwagoqa.

2. Amapayipi ensimbi angodongeni olujiyile avame ukuba nezimbobo ebusweni.

3. Amapayipi ensimbi angodongeni olujiyile angamanga avame ukuba nezibazi.

4. Ubuso bezinto mbumbulu nezingelutho kulula ukubuqhekeza.

5. Amapayipi ensimbi angodongeni olujiyile alula ukuwaklwebha.

6. Amapayipi ensimbi agqinsiwe angodongeni oluqinile awanayo insimbi ecwebezelayo futhi abomvu kancane noma afana nensimbi yengulube.

7. Izimbambo ezivundlile zamapayipi ensimbi mbumbulu anodonga olujiyile zincane futhi ziphansi, futhi zivame ukubonakala zinganelisekile.

8. Ingxenye evundlile yepayipi lensimbi elinodonga olujiyile mbumbulu iyindilinga.

10. Izinto ezenziwe ngepayipi lensimbi elinodonga olujiyile ziqukethe ukungcola okuningi futhi ubuningi bensimbi buncane kakhulu.

11. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi lensimbi elinodonga olujiyile mbumbulu buyashintshashintsha kakhulu.

12. Izimpawu zokuhweba kanye nokunyatheliswa kwamashubhu asezingeni eliphezulu kujwayelekile.

13. Ngezintambo ezintathu ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kwamapayipi ensimbi angu-16, ibanga eliphakathi kwamamaki amabili lingaphezu kwe-IM.

14. Imigoqo emide ye-rebar yensimbi engaqinile ivame ukuba namagagasi.

15. Abakhiqizi bamapayipi ensimbi aqinile abawashayeli, ngakho-ke ukupakishwa kukhululekile. Uhlangothi luyindilinga.