CBAM tau nkag mus rau hauv nws txoj cai tswjfwm kawg hauv xyoo 2026. Kawm txog cov kev cai ua raws li txoj cai, cov nqi daim ntawv pov thawj, cov cai tshaj tawm, thiab cov kev hloov pauv tom ntej.

Lub Txheej Txheem Kho Kom Raws Li Ciam Teb Carbon (CBAM) yog ib txoj cai ntawm EU uas tsim los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov pa roj carbon uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm qee yam khoom muaj carbon ntau, qhov twg kev tsim khoom siv carbon ntau hloov mus rau cov tebchaws uas muaj nqi hluav taws xob qis dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv carbon thiab kev tshaj tawm. CBAM siv rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov cement, txhuas, hlau thiab hlau, chiv, hluav taws xob, thiab hydrogen.

Ib lub sijhawm hloov pauv tau pib txij lub Kaum Hli 2023 mus txog rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2025 uas cov neeg xa khoom ntawm CBAM-them nqi yuav tsum tshaj tawm cov pa roj carbon uas muaj nyob hauv lawv cov khoom xa tuaj.

CBAM tau hloov mus rau txoj cai tswjfwm kawg rau hnub tim 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2026, uas yuav tsum tau kom cov neeg xa khoom yuav thiab xa daim ntawv pov thawj CBAM raws li lawv cov pa phem uas tau tshaj tawm.

Cov Kev Cai Ua Raws Cai CBAM rau Cov Neeg Xa Khoom Tuaj

Txhua lub koom haum uas xav tias yuav xa cov khoom tuaj uas CBAM them tshaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum thov kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai CBAM los ntawm lub Peb Hlis 31, 2026. Yog xav txuas ntxiv xa khoom tuaj dhau qhov yuav tsum tau ua tsawg kawg nkaus, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum muaj tus lej nyiaj CBAM lossis tus lej siv rau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog cov khoom xa tuaj ua ntej hnub kawg ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Rau cov cement, txhuas, hlau thiab hlau, thiab chiv, qhov hnyav raws li qhov txwv ntawm 50 tonnes ib xyoos siv tau. Cov koom haum uas xa khoom tsawg dua qhov no tsis tas yuav ua raws li. Tsis muaj qhov txwv tsawg kawg nkaus rau hydrogen lossis hluav taws xob, txhais tau tias txhua qhov kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom no suav nrog hauv CBAM.

Cov Kev Cai Tshaj Tawm CBAM Txhua Xyoo

Cov neeg tshaj tawm CBAM uas tau tso cai yuav tsum xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm CBAM txhua xyoo suav nrog cov pa phem uas tau xam. Cov pa phem yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag lossis cov nqi tsis raug uas tau muab los ntawm European commission. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob kwv yees qis thiab txhawb kom siv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag, cov nqi tsis raug raug nce ntxiv 30%.

Kev Yuav Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj CBAM

Thaum ib lub koom haum tau tshaj tawm cov pa phem uas tau muab tso rau hauv nws cov khoom xa tuaj, daim ntawv pov thawj CBAM yuav tsum tau yuav thiab muab tso rau hauv kom them txhua tCO2e ntawm cov pa phem uas tau tshaj tawm. Lub sijhawm kawg rau kev muab tso rau hauv thawj zaug yog hnub tim 30 Cuaj Hlis 2027, uas suav nrog cov pa phem los ntawm xyoo 2026.

Daim ntawv pov thawj CBAM raug nqi raws li EU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), pib ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab txhua peb lub hlis rau xyoo 2026 thiab hloov mus rau tus nqi txhua lub lim tiam txij li xyoo 2027. Yog tias ib qho khoom xa tuaj yav dhau los tau raug nqi carbon hauv lub tebchaws thib peb, tus nqi uas twb tau them lawm yuav raug rho tawm ntawm tus nqi them raws li CBAM. Yuav kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem no, EU yuav ua rau cov nqi carbon hauv lub tebchaws thib peb muaj, nrog rau cov txheej txheem suav uas tau pom zoo.

Cov Kev Hloov Pauv CBAM Uas Tau Npaj Tseg Yav Tom Ntej

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2025, European Commission tau tshaj tawm cov kev hloov pauv CBAM raws li cov lus taw qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm theem hloov pauv. Cov lus pom zoo no lub hom phiaj yog txhawb nqa lub tshuab thiab txhawb nqa EU kev lag luam.

Kev nthuav dav rau cov khoom lag luam hauv qab: txij li hnub tim 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2028, qhov kev siv CBAM yuav raug nthuav dav kom suav nrog ntxiv 180 yam khoom siv hlau thiab txhuas, feem ntau yog cov tshuab thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov no yog los tiv thaiv kev xau carbon los ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv qab hauv cov saw hlau los ntawm kev tsiv chaw tsim khoom lossis hloov cov khoom lag luam EU-tsim nrog cov khoom xa tuaj txawv teb chaws.

Cov kev ntsuas ntxiv tiv thaiv kev zam: EU tau tawm tswv yim cov kev ntsuas los daws cov kev pheej hmoo zam uas tau txheeb xyuas hauv lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Cov khoom siv ua ntej siv txhuas thiab hlau seem suav nrog hauv CBAM kev suav; cov kev cai tshaj tawm tau txhim kho kom txhim kho kev taug qab; thiab European Commission tau muab lub hwj chim los thov cov pov thawj ntxiv lossis siv cov nqi tsis raug ntawm lub tebchaws uas cov nqi tiag tiag raug suav hais tias tsis txhim khu kev qha.

Nyiaj pab ib ntus rau kev txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide: tau muab ib qho nyiaj pab ib ntus los txhawb cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam EU uas muaj CBAM them thiab daws teeb meem kev sib tw uas poob lawm. Qhov no yuav raug siv los them rov qab ib feem ntawm cov nqi carbon ntawm EU-ETS rau cov khoom uas tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau carbon.