I-CBAM iqalise inkqubo yayo yokugqibela ngo-2026. Funda ngeemfuno zokuthobela imithetho, iindleko zesatifikethi, imithetho yengxelo, kunye notshintsho oluzayo.

I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) yinkqubo ye-EU eyenzelwe ukujongana nokuvuza kwekhabhoni okubangelwa kukungeniswa kweemveliso ezithile ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, apho imveliso esebenzisa ikhabhoni eninzi itshintshela kumazwe aneendleko eziphantsi zombane kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokususa ikhabhoni kunye neengxelo. I-CBAM isebenza ekungenisweni kwesamente, i-aluminium, isinyithi kunye nentsimbi, izichumisi, umbane, kunye ne-hydrogen.

Isigaba sotshintsho siqale ngo-Okthobha 2023 ukuya kuDisemba 2025 apho abathumeli beempahla ezigqunywe yi-CBAM bafuneka ukuba baxele ngokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okufakwe kwiimpahla zabo ezingenisiweyo.

I-CBAM yatshintshela kumgaqo oqinisekileyo ngomhla woku-1 kweyoMqungu 2026, ifuna ukuba abathumeli bamazwe angaphandle bathenge baze babuyisele izatifikethi ze-CBAM ezihambelana nokukhutshwa kwabo okuxeliweyo.

Iimfuneko zokuThotyelwa kweMithetho ye-CBAM kubaThengisi belizwe

Yonke imibutho elindele ukungenisa impahla egutyungelwe yi-CBAM engaphezulu kwemida esezantsi kufuneka ifake isicelo sesimo sokubhengeza se-CBAM esigunyazisiweyo ngaphambi komhla wama-31 kuMatshi 2026. Ukuze ziqhubeke nokungenisa impahla ngaphaya kwemfuneko esezantsi, iinkampani kufuneka zibe nenombolo yeakhawunti ye-CBAM esebenzayo okanye inombolo yesalathiso sesicelo, kuquka nokungeniswa kwempahla okwenziwe ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela wesicelo.

Kwisamente, i-aluminium, intsimbi kunye nentsimbi, kunye nezichumisi, kusebenza umda osekelwe kubunzima weetoni ezingama-50 ngonyaka. Imibutho engenisa ngaphantsi kwesi sixa ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ithobele. Akukho mingcele incinci ye-hydrogen okanye umbane, oko kuthetha ukuba zonke iimveliso ezingeniswayo zibandakanyiwe phantsi kwe-CBAM.

Iimfuneko zoNyaka zeSibhengezo se-CBAM

Ii-CBAM declarants ezigunyazisiweyo kufuneka zingenise isibhengezo sonyaka se-CBAM esiquka ukukhutshwa okubaliweyo. Ukukhutshwa komoya kufuneka kusebenzise idatha yokwenyani okanye amaxabiso amiselweyo anikezelwe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukujongelwa phantsi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yokwenyani, amaxabiso amiselweyo anyuswa ngama-30%.

Ukuthenga iZatifikethi zeCBAM

Nje ukuba umbutho ubhengeze ukukhutshwa kwegesi okufakwe kwiimveliso zawo ezingenisiweyo, izatifikethi ze-CBAM kufuneka zithengwe kwaye zinikezelwe ukuze zigubungele i-tCO2e nganye yokukhutshwa kwegesi okufakwe kwiimveliso ezibikiweyo. Umhla wokugqibela wokunikezelwa kwegesi yi-30 Septemba 2027, ogubungela ukukhutshwa kwegesi okusuka kunyaka wengxelo ka-2026.

Izatifikethi ze-CBAM zixabisa ngokuhambelana neNkqubo yokuRhweba ngeMisitho ye-EU (i-EU-ETS), ziqala ngexabiso eliphakathi kwekota yonyaka ka-2026 kwaye ziye kwixabiso leveki ukusuka ngo-2027. Ukuba ukungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe bekukade kuxhomekeke kwixabiso lekhabhoni kwilizwe lesithathu, ixabiso esele lihlawulwe liya kuncitshiswa kwixabiso lokuhlawula phantsi kwe-CBAM. Ukuze kube lula le nkqubo, i-EU iya kwenza amaxabiso ekhabhoni aqhelekileyo kwilizwe lesithathu, kunye neendlela zokubala ezivunyiweyo.

Utshintsho lwexesha elizayo lwe-CBAM olucetywayo

NgoDisemba ka-2025, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yakhupha utshintsho olucetywayo lwe-CBAM olusekelwe kwingxelo kunye neziphumo ezivela kwisigaba sotshintsho. Ezi ziphakamiso zijolise ekuqiniseni indlela yokusebenza kunye nokuxhasa ishishini le-EU.

Ulwandiso kwiimveliso ezisezantsi: ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2028, umda we-CBAM uza kwandiswa ukuze ubandakanye ezinye iimveliso ezili-180 zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium, ikakhulu oomatshini kunye nezixhobo. Oku kwenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza kwekhabhoni ekutshintsheni komjelo wokubonelela ngokufuduswa kwemveliso okanye ukutshintshwa kweempahla ezenziwe yi-EU ngezinye iindlela ezingenisiweyo.

Amanyathelo ongezelelweyo okulwa nokugqobhoza: I-EU icebise amanyathelo okujongana nemingcipheko yokugqobhoza echongiweyo kwixesha lotshintsho. I-aluminium kunye neengceba zentsimbi ezisetyenzisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba zithengiwe zibandakanyiwe kubalo lwe-CBAM; iimfuno zengxelo ziphuculwe ukuphucula ukulandeleka; kwaye iKhomishini yaseYurophu inikwe igunya lokucela ubungqina obongezelelweyo okanye ukusebenzisa amaxabiso angagqibekanga elizwe apho amaxabiso okwenyani athathwa njengangathembekanga.

Ingxowa-mali yokususa iicarbonization zexeshana: ingxowa-mali yexeshana imiselwe ukuxhasa abavelisi be-EU beempahla ezigqunywe yi-CBAM kunye nokujongana nokungakhuphisani kakuhle. Oku kuya kusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela inxalenye yeendleko zekhabhoni ze-EU-ETS kwiimpahla eziqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nemingcipheko yokuvuza kwekhabhoni.