I-CBAM yangena ohlelweni lwayo oluqondile ngo-2026. Funda ngezidingo zokuthobela imithetho, izindleko zesitifiketi, imithetho yokubika, kanye nezinguquko ezizayo.

I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) iyinqubomgomo ye-EU eyenzelwe ukubhekana nokuvuza kwekhabhoni okubangelwa ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo ethile enekhabhoni ephezulu, lapho ukukhiqizwa okudinga ikhabhoni eningi kushintshela emazweni anezindleko zikagesi eziphansi kanye nezidingo zokususa ikhabhoni eziqinile kanye nokubika. I-CBAM isebenza ekungenisweni kwesamente, i-aluminium, insimbi nensimbi, umanyolo, ugesi, kanye ne-hydrogen.

Isigaba sokushintsha saqala ngo-Okthoba 2023 kuya kuDisemba 2025 lapho abathumeli bezimpahla ezimbozwe yi-CBAM kwakudingeka babike ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okufakwe ekungenisweni kwabo.

I-CBAM yathuthela ohlelweni oluqondile ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2026, ifuna abathumeli ukuthi bathenge futhi babuyisele izitifiketi ze-CBAM ezihambisana nokukhishwa kwabo okuhlanganisiwe okubikiwe.

Izidingo Zokuthobela Imithetho ye-CBAM Kwabangenisi Bempahla

Zonke izinhlangano ezilindele ukungenisa izimpahla ezimbozwe yi-CBAM ngaphezu kwemingcele ephansi kumele zifake isicelo sesimo sokumemezela se-CBAM esigunyaziwe ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuNdasa 2026. Ukuze ziqhubeke nokungenisa ngale kwezidingo eziphansi, izinkampani kumele zibe nenombolo ye-akhawunti ye-CBAM evumelekile noma inombolo yereferensi yesicelo, okuhlanganisa nokungenisa okwenziwe ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lwesicelo.

Kusimende, i-aluminium, insimbi nensimbi, kanye nomanyolo, kusebenza umkhawulo osekelwe esisindweni samathani angu-50 ngonyaka wekhalenda. Izinhlangano ezingenisa ngaphansi kwaleli nani azidingeki ukuthi zithobele. Azikho imikhawulo ephansi ye-hydrogen noma ugesi, okusho ukuthi konke ukungeniswa kwalezi zinto kufakiwe ngaphansi kwe-CBAM.

Izidingo Zonyaka Zesimemezelo se-CBAM

Izimemezeli ze-CBAM ezigunyaziwe kudingeka zithumele isimemezelo saminyaka yonke se-CBAM esihlanganisa ukukhishwa okubaliwe. Ukukhishwa kwegesi kumele kusebenzise idatha yangempela noma amanani azenzakalelayo anikezwe yikhomishini yaseYurophu. Ukuze kugwenywe ukunganakwa kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwedatha yangempela, amanani azenzakalelayo akhushulwa ngo-30%.

Ukuthenga Izitifiketi ze-CBAM

Uma inhlangano isimemezele ukukhishwa kwegesi okufakiwe ekungenisweni kwayo, izitifiketi ze-CBAM kumele zithengwe futhi zibuyiselwe ukuze zimboze i-tCO2e ngayinye yokukhishwa kwegesi okufakiwe okubikiwe. Isikhathi sokugcina sokuqala sokukhishwa kwegesi singu-30 Septhemba 2027, simboze ukukhishwa kwegesi kusukela ngonyaka wokubika ka-2026.

Izitifiketi ze-CBAM zinikezwa intengo ngokuhambisana ne-EU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), eqala ngentengo ephakathi kwekota yonyaka ka-2026 futhi idlulela entengo yamasonto onke kusukela ngo-2027. Uma ukungenisa kuke kwaba ngaphansi kwentengo yekhabhoni ezweni lesithathu, intengo esivele ikhokhiwe izosuswa entengo okufanele ikhokhwe ngaphansi kwe-CBAM. Ukuze kube lula le nqubo, i-EU izokwenza amanani ekhabhoni ezwe lesithathu atholakale ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezindlela zokubala ezivunyiwe.

Izinguquko ze-CBAM Ezihlongozwayo Zesikhathi Esizayo

NgoDisemba 2025, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yakhipha izinguquko ze-CBAM eziphakanyisiwe ngokusekelwe empendulweni kanye nokutholakele kwesigaba soguquko. Lezi ziphakamiso zihlose ukuqinisa indlela yokusebenza nokusekela imboni ye-EU.

Ukwelulwa kwemikhiqizo engezansi: kusukela mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2028, ububanzi be-CBAM buzokwandiswa ukuze bufake eminye imikhiqizo engu-180 esetshenziswa kakhulu ngensimbi kanye ne-aluminium, ikakhulukazi imishini nezinto zikagesi. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwekhabhoni ukuthi kungashintshi emgudwini wokunikezela ngokuthuthwa komkhiqizo noma ukushintshwa kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwe yi-EU ngezinye izindlela ezingenisiwe.

Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokulwa nokugwedla: I-EU iphakamise izinyathelo zokubhekana nezingozi zokugwedla ezitholakale esikhathini sokuguquka. Izinsalela ze-aluminium nensimbi ezingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthengwa zifakiwe ekubalweni kwe-CBAM; izidingo zokubika zithuthukisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulandelelwa; futhi iKhomishini yaseYurophu inikezwe igunya lokucela ubufakazi obengeziwe noma ukusebenzisa amanani azenzakalelayo ezwe lapho amanani angempela ebhekwa njengangathembekile.

Isikhwama sesikhashana sokususa i-carbonization: isikhwama sesikhashana sibekwe ukusekela abakhiqizi be-EU bezimpahla ezimbozwe yi-CBAM nokubhekana nokuncintisana okulahlekile. Lokhu kuzosetshenziselwa ukubuyisela ingxenye yezindleko ze-carbon ze-EU-ETS zezimpahla eziqhubeka nokubhekana nezingozi zokuvuza kwe-carbon.