CBAM yakapinda muhurongwa hwayo hwekupedzisira muna 2026. Dzidza zvinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo, mitengo yezvitupa, mitemo yemishumo, uye shanduko dziri kuuya.

Kabhoni Inogadzirisa Kuganhurirwa Kwemuganhu weKabhoni (CBAM) imutemo weEU wakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kubuda kwekabhoni kunokonzerwa nekuunzwa kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine kabhoni yakawanda, uko kugadzirwa kwekabhoni yakawanda kunoshanduka kuenda kunyika dzine mitengo yakaderera yemagetsi uye dzine zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekubvisa kabhoni mumhepo uye mishumo. CBAM inoshanda pakuunzwa kwesimende, aruminiyamu, iron nesimbi, fetereza, magetsi, uye hydrogen.

Chikamu chekuchinja chakatanga kubva muna Gumiguru 2023 kusvika Zvita 2025 apo vaipinza zvinhu zvakafukidzwa neCBAM vaifanirwa kutaura nezvekuburitswa kwecarbon muzvinhu zvavaitenga.

CBAM yakatora danho rekupedzisira musi wa1 Ndira 2026, ichida kuti vanopinza zvinhu munyika vatenge uye vadzose zvitupa zveCBAM zvinoenderana nemutemo wavo we emissions.

Zvinodiwa zveCBAM zveVanotenga Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika

Masangano ese anotarisira kupinza zvinhu zvakafukidzwa neCBAM kupfuura mwero wepasi pemutemo anofanirwa kunyorera kuti apihwe mvumo yeCBAM declarant status panosvika 31 Kurume 2026. Kuti makambani arambe achipinza zvinhu kunze kwemutemo unodarika zvinodiwa, anofanira kunge aine nhamba yeakaundi yeCBAM inoshanda kana nhamba yekutarisa mafomu ekunyorera, kusanganisira yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika kwakaitwa nguva yekupedzisira yekunyorera isati yasvika.

Panyaya yesimende, aruminiyamu, simbi nesimbi, uye fetereza, chiyero chinorema matani makumi mashanu pagore chinoshanda. Masangano anotenga zvinhu zviri pasi pehuwandu uhu haafanirwe kutevedzera mitemo iyi. Hapana chiyero chinodiwa chehydrogen kana magetsi, zvichireva kuti zvinhu zvese zvinopinzwa munyika zvinosanganisirwa pasi peCBAM.

Zvinodiwa zveKuzivisa kweCBAM Gore Negore

Vazivisi veCBAM vane mvumo vanofanirwa kutumira chiziviso chegore negore cheCBAM kusanganisira kuburitswa kwemhepo kwakaverengerwa. Kuburitswa kwemhepo kunofanirwa kushandisa data chaiyo kana kuti default values ​​dzakapihwa neEuropean commission. Kuti vadzivise kusakoshesa uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwedata chaiyo, default values ​​dzinowedzerwa ne30%.

Kutenga Zvitupa zveCBAM

Kana sangano razivisa kuti zvinhu zvinobuda mumhepo zviri kupinzwa munyika, zvitupa zveCBAM zvinofanirwa kutengwa uye kuendeswa kudare kuti zvivhare tCO2e yega yega yezvinobva mumhepo zviri kupinzwa yakashumwa. Zuva rekutanga rekusiya zvinhu mumhepo ndi30 Gunyana 2027, richivhara zvinhu zvinobuda mumhepo kubva mugore ra2026.

Zvitupa zveCBAM zvinotengeswa zvichienderana neEU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), zvichitangira pamutengo weavhareji wekota yegore ra2026 uye zvichienda kumutengo wevhiki nevhiki kubva muna 2027. Kana kutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika kwakamboshandiswa pamutengo wekabhoni munyika yechitatu, mutengo watobhadharwa uchabviswa pamutengo wekubhadhara pasi peCBAM. Kuti izvi zviite nyore, EU ichaita kuti mitengo yekabhoni yenyika yechitatu ivepo, pamwe chete nenzira dzakatenderwa dzekuverenga.

Shanduko dzeCBAM Dziri Kurongwa Muramangwana

Muna Zvita 2025, European Commission yakaburitsa shanduko dzeCBAM dzakarongwa zvichibva pamhinduro nezvakawanikwa kubva muchikamu chekuchinja. Mazano aya ane chinangwa chekusimbisa mashandiro uye kutsigira indasitiri yeEU.

Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zviri pasi pemvura: kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2028, basa reCBAM richawedzerwa kuti risanganisire zvimwe zvigadzirwa zana nemakumi masere zvinoshandisa simbi nearuminiyamu, kunyanya michina nemidziyo. Izvi zvinoitirwa kudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni kubva muchikamu chekutengesa kuburikidza nekutamiswa kwekugadzirwa kana kutsiviwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa neEU nezvimwe zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Mamwe matanho ekudzivirira kupararira kwemvura: EU yakaronga matanho ekugadzirisa njodzi dzekupararira kwemvura dzakaonekwa munguva yekuchinja kwezvinhu. Zvimedu zvealuminium nesimbi zvisati zvashandiswa zvinosanganisirwa mukuverenga kweCBAM; zvinodiwa zvekuzivisa zvinhu zvakawedzerwa kuti zvisaonekwe; uye European Commission yakapihwa mvumo yekukumbira humwe humbowo kana kushandisa humbowo hwenyika uko humbowo chaihwo husingavimbike.

Mari yekubvisa kabhoni kwenguva pfupi: mari yekabhoni yenguva pfupi yaiswa kuti itsigire vagadziri veEU vezvinhu zvakafukidzwa neCBAM uye kugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwemakwikwi. Izvi zvichashandiswa kubhadhara chikamu chemari yekabhoni yeEU-ETS yezvinhu zviri kuramba zvichisangana nenjodzi dzekubuda kwekabhoni.