15Mo3 (15MoG): Yipayipi yentsimbi esemgangathweni we-DIN17175. Yityhubhu yentsimbi ye-carbon molybdenum enobubanzi obuncinci yebhoyila kunye ne-superheater, kwaye yintsimbi enamandla ashushu yohlobo lwe-pearlescent. Ngo-1995, yatyalwaGB5310kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-15MoG. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula, kodwa ine-molybdenum, ngoko ke inamandla angcono obushushu kunentsimbi yekhabhoni ngelixa igcina ukusebenza okufanayo nentsimbi yekhabhoni. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle, ixabiso eliphantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi inomdla wokwenza i-graphitization emva kokusebenza ixesha elide kubushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ke ubushushu bayo bokusebenza kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-510℃, kwaye ubungakanani be-Al eyongeziweyo ekunyibilikiseni kufuneka bunqunyelwe ukulawula nokulibazisa inkqubo yokwenza i-graphitization. Le tube yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-superheater yobushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-reheater yobushushu obuphantsi. Ubushushu bodonga bungaphantsi kwe-510℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali C0.12-0.20, SI0.10-0.35, MN0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, MO0.25-0.35; Inqanaba lamandla eliqhelekileyo σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; I-delta yeplastiki engama-22 okanye ngaphezulu.

15CrMoG:GB5310Intsimbi ye -95 (ehambelana nentsimbi ye-1CR-1/2Mo kunye nentsimbi ye-11/4CR-1/2MO-Si esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi), umxholo wayo we-chromium uphezulu kunentsimbi ye-12CrMo, ngoko ke inamandla aphezulu obushushu kwi-500-550℃. Xa ubushushu budlula i-550℃, amandla obushushu entsimbi ayancipha kakhulu. Xa isebenza ixesha elide kwi-500-550℃, i-graphitization ayenzeki, kodwa i-carbide spheroidization kunye ne-alloying element redistribution iyenzeka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla obushushu entsimbi. Intsimbi inokumelana okuhle nokuzola kwi-450℃. Ukusebenza kwayo kwenkqubo yokwenza imibhobho kunye nokuwelda kulungile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-conduit yomphunga enoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphakathi kunye nebhokisi yokudibanisa eneparamitha yomphunga engaphantsi kwe-550℃, ityhubhu ye-superheater enobushushu bodonga obungaphantsi kwe-560℃, njl. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, MN0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR0.80-1.10, MO0.40-0.55; Phantsi kwemeko eqhelekileyo yokufudumala, inqanaba lamandla σs≥235, σb≥440-640 MPa; I-Plastic delta p 21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) ngabaI-ASME SA213 (SA335) izixhobo zekhowudi, eziqukiweyo kwiGB5310-95. Kwi-CR-Mo steel series, ukusebenza kwayo kwamandla obushushu kuphezulu, amandla obushushu afanayo kunye noxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kune-9CR-1Mo steel ephezulu nangakumbi, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla obushushu angaphandle, amandla enyukliya kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lwayo lobuchwephesha luphantsi kune-12Cr1MoV yethu, ngoko ke ayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yebhoyila yamandla obushushu asekhaya. Sebenzisa kuphela xa kufuneka (ingakumbi xa uyilwe kwaye yenziwa ngokuhambelana nekhowudi ye-ASME). Intsimbi ayinangxaki kunyango lobushushu kwaye ine-plasticity ephezulu eqinileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding. Ityhubhu encinci ye-T22 isetyenziswa kakhulu njengobushushu bodonga lwesinyithi obungaphantsi kwe-580℃ superheater kunye netyhubhu yokufudumeza umphezulu we-reheater, njl.njl.,P22Ityhubhu enkulu enobubanzi isetyenziswa kakhulu eludongeni lwesinyithi, ubushushu bodonga abudluli kwi-565℃, ibhokisi yokudibanisa i-superheater/reheater kunye nombhobho ophambili womphunga. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali yi-C≤0.15, i-Si≤0.50, i-MN0.30-0.60, i-S≤0.025, i-P≤0.025, i-CR1.90-2.60, i-MO0.87-1.13; Phantsi kwemeko eqhelekileyo yokufudumala, inqanaba lamandla yi-σs≥280, i-σb≥450-600 MPa; i-delta yeplastiki yi-20 okanye ngaphezulu.

12Cr1MoVG:GB5310Intsimbi eqhelekileyo ye--95 nano, yintsimbi yasekhaya enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, i-subcritical power plant boiler superheater, ibhokisi yokuqokelela kunye nomjelo oyintloko womphunga osetyenziswa kakhulu yintsimbi. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini zepleyiti ye-12Cr1MoV ziyafana ngokusisiseko. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali lulula, umxholo we-alloy uwonke ungaphantsi kwe-2%, kwi-carbon ephantsi, uhlobo lwe-pearlescent oluphantsi lwentsimbi enamandla ashushu. I-Vanadium inokwenza i-carbide ezinzileyo i-VC enekhabhoni, enokwenza i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum kwintsimbi zibekho ngokukhethekileyo kwi-ferrite, kwaye inciphise izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum ukusuka kwi-ferrite ukuya kwi-carbide, ukuze intsimbi izinze ngakumbi kubushushu obuphezulu. Isixa sisonke sezinto ezixutyiweyo kule ntsimbi sisiqingatha kuphela sentsimbi ye-2.25 CR-1Mo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe, kodwa amandla ahlala ixesha elide kwi-580℃ kunye ne-100,000 h aphezulu ngama-40% kunalawo okugqibela. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yemveliso ilula kwaye ukusebenza kwe-welding kulungile. Logama nje inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ingqongqo, ukusebenza okubanzi kunye nokusebenza kwamandla obushushu kunokwaneliswa. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesikhululo samandla kubonisa ukuba umbhobho ophambili womphunga we-12Cr1MoV usenokusetyenziswa emva kokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-540℃ kangangeeyure eziyi-100,000. Ityhubhu enkulu isetyenziswa kakhulu njengebhokisi yokuqokelela kunye nomjelo oyintloko womphunga weparameter yomphunga engaphantsi kwe-565℃, kwaye ityhubhu encinci isetyenziselwa ityhubhu yokufudumeza umphezulu webhoyila yobushushu bodonga lwesinyithi engaphantsi kwe-580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102):Gb5310-95 kwintsimbi, ngenxa yophuhliso lwaseTshayina ngeminyaka yoo-1960, i-carbon ephantsi, i-alloy ephantsi (ubuninzi obuncinci bokwahluka) intsimbi enamandla ashushu yohlobo lweBainite, ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1970 yafakwa kwiMinistry of Metallurgical Industry standard YB529-70 kwaye ngoku ngumgangatho wesizwe, ekupheleni kuka-1980 intsimbi ngokusebenzisa iMinistry of Metallurgical Industry, iMinistry of Machinery kunye neMinistry of electric power identification joint. Intsimbi ineempawu ezintle zoomatshini, kwaye amandla ayo obushushu kunye nobushushu benkonzo buphezulu kunezo zentsimbi ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe, zifikelela kwinqanaba lezinye iintsimbi ze-chromium-nickel austenitic kwi-620℃. Oku kungenxa yokuba intsimbi ineentlobo ezininzi zezinto ezixutywayo, kwaye yongezwa ukuphucula ukumelana ne-oxidation kwezinto ezifana ne-Cr, Si, ngoko ke ubushushu obuphezulu benkonzo bunokufikelela kwi-620℃. Ukusebenza kwesikhululo samandla kubonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu zombhobho wentsimbi azitshintshi kakhulu emva kokusebenza ixesha elide. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengetyhubhu ye-superheater kunye netyhubhu ye-reheater kwibhoyila yeparameter ephezulu kakhulu enobushushu besinyithi ≤620℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, MN0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR1.60-2.10, MO0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, TI0.08-0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; Phantsi kwemeko eqhelekileyo yokufudumala, inqanaba lamandla σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa; I-Plastic delta p 18.

I-Sa-213t91 (335P91): Inombolo yentsimbi kwiI-ASME SA-213(335) umgangatho. Yenziwe yiRubber Ridge National Laboratory yase-United States of America, esetyenziswa kumandla enyukliya (ingasetyenziswa nakwezinye iinkalo) izinto ezicinezela ubushushu obuphezulu, intsimbi isekelwe kwintsimbi ye-T9 (9CR-1MO), kumda womxholo wekhabhoni, ilawula ngokungqongqo umxholo we-P kunye ne-S kunye nezinye izinto eziseleyo ngaxeshanye. Uhlobo olutsha lwentsimbi ye-ferritic engatshisi ubushushu yenziwe ngokongeza izixa ezincinci ze-0.030-0.070% N, 0.18-0.25% V kunye ne-0.06-0.10% Nb ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucocwa kweenkozo.I-ASME SA-213intsimbi esemgangathweni yekholamu, eyatyalwaGB5310umgangatho ngo-1995 kwaye umgangatho yi-10Cr9Mo1VNb. Umgangatho wehlabathi we-ISO/ DIS9399-2 udweliswe njenge-X10 CRMOVNB9-1.

Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-chromium (9%), ukumelana kwayo ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokuthambekela kokungaguquguquki kwe-graphitization kungcono kunezo zentsimbi ephantsi kwe-alloy. I-Molybdenum (1%) iphucula kakhulu amandla aphezulu obushushu kwaye ithintela ukuthambekela kokutshisa kwentsimbi ye-chromium. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-T9, iimpawu zokuwelda kunye nokudinwa kobushushu ziyaphucuka, amandla ahlala ixesha elide kwi-600℃ aphindwe kathathu kunalawo amva, kwaye ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kobushushu okuphezulu kwentsimbi ye-T9 (9CR-1Mo) kuyagcinwa. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, i-expansion coefficient incinci, i-thermal conductivity ilungile, kwaye inamandla ahlala ixesha elide (njengomlinganiselo wentsimbi ye-TP304 austenitic, de kube ubushushu obuqinileyo bube yi-625℃, ubushushu obulinganayo boxinzelelo bube yi-607℃). Ke ngoko, ineempawu ezibanzi zoomatshini, isakhiwo esizinzileyo kunye neempawu ngaphambi nasemva kokuguga, iimpawu ezilungileyo zokuwelda kunye nenkqubo, amandla aphezulu ahlala ixesha elide kunye nokuxhathisa i-oxidation. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-superheater kunye ne-reheater enobushushu besinyithi ≤650℃ kwi-boiler. Ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, CR8.00-9.50, MO0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04, NB0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; Phantsi kwemeko eqhelekileyo yokufudumala, inqanaba lamandla σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa; I-delta yeplastiki engama-20 nangaphezulu.