Mukakumana ndi oda yomwe ikufunika kupangidwa, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kudikira nthawi yopangira, yomwe imasiyana kuyambira masiku 3-5 mpaka masiku 30-45, ndipo tsiku lotumizira liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kasitomala kuti onse awiri athe kugwirizana.

Njira yopangira mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika imaphatikizapo makamaka njira zofunika izi:

1. Kukonzekera kwa billet
Zipangizo zopangira mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika ndi chitsulo chozungulira kapena ingot, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chitsulo cha carbon chapamwamba kwambiri kapena chitsulo chopanda aloyi. Chidebecho chimatsukidwa, pamwamba pake pamayang'aniridwa ngati pali zolakwika, ndikudulidwa kutalika kofunikira.

2. Kutentha
Chidebecho chimatumizidwa ku ng'anjo yotenthetsera kuti chitenthetse, nthawi zambiri kutentha kotentha kwa pafupifupi 1200℃. Kutentha kofanana kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa panthawi yotenthetsera kuti njira yotsatira yobowola ipitirire bwino.

3. Kuboola
Chidebe chotenthetsera chimabowoledwa ndi chibowo kuti chipange chubu chopanda kanthu. Njira yobowoledwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi "oblique rolling perforation", yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma roller awiri ozungulira oblique kuti ikankhire billet patsogolo pamene ikuzunguliridwa, kotero kuti pakati pake pakhale penapake.

4. Kugubuduza (kutambasula)
Chitoliro choboola choboolacho chimatambasulidwa ndi kukula pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zozungulira. Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri:

Njira yopitira mosalekeza: Gwiritsani ntchito mphero yopitira mosalekeza kuti mupitire pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa chitoliro cholimba ndikuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma.

Njira yojambulira mapaipi: Gwiritsani ntchito mandrel kuti muthandize kutambasula ndi kuzunguliza kuti muwongolere mainchesi amkati ndi akunja a chitoliro chachitsulo.

5. Kukula ndi kuchepetsa
Kuti pakhale kukula koyenera kofunikira, chitoliro chopanda mphamvu chimakonzedwa mu mphero yoyezera kukula kapena mphero yochepetsera. Kupyolera mu kuzunguliza ndi kutambasula kosalekeza, kukula kwa kunja kwa chitoliro ndi makulidwe a khoma zimasinthidwa.

6. Chithandizo cha kutentha
Pofuna kukonza mphamvu za makina a chitoliro chachitsulo ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati, njira yopangira nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo njira yochizira kutentha monga kusinthasintha, kutenthetsa, kuzimitsa kapena kuyika. Gawoli likhoza kukonza kulimba ndi kulimba kwa chitoliro chachitsulo.

7. Kuwongola ndi kudula
Chitoliro chachitsulo pambuyo pa kutentha chingapindidwe ndipo chiyenera kuwongoledwa ndi chowongolera. Pambuyo powongoledwa, chitoliro chachitsulo chimadulidwa kutalika komwe kasitomala akufuna.

8. Kuyendera
Mapaipi achitsulo chopanda msoko ayenera kuyesedwa bwino kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo izi:

Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe: Onani ngati pali ming'alu, zolakwika, ndi zina zotero pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo.
Kuyang'anira kukula: Yesani ngati kukula kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, makulidwe a khoma ndi kutalika kwake zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Kuyang'anira katundu weniweni: monga mayeso okakamiza, mayeso okhudza kukhudzidwa, mayeso okhwima, ndi zina zotero.
Kuyesa kosawononga: Gwiritsani ntchito ultrasound kapena X-ray kuti mudziwe ngati pali ming'alu kapena ma pores mkati.
9. Kulongedza ndi kutumiza
Pambuyo pochita kafukufuku, chitoliro chachitsulo chimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri komanso oletsa dzimbiri monga momwe zimafunikira, ndipo chimapakidwa ndi kutumizidwa.

Kudzera mu masitepe omwe ali pamwambapa, mapaipi achitsulo osapindika omwe amapangidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, mankhwala, boiler, magalimoto, ndege ndi zina, ndipo amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba, kukana dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zabwino zamakanika.