20G: Shine adadin ƙarfe da aka lissafa na GB5310-95 (wanda ya yi daidai da samfuran ƙasashen waje: st45.8 a Jamus, STB42 a Japan, da SA106B a Amurka). Shine ƙarfe da aka fi amfani da shi don bututun ƙarfe na boiler. Haɗin sinadarai da halayen injiniya iri ɗaya ne da na faranti 20 na ƙarfe. Karfe yana da wani ƙarfi a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun da yanayin zafi na matsakaici da babban zafi, ƙarancin sinadarin carbon, ingantaccen filastik da tauri, da kyawawan halaye na ƙirƙirar sanyi da zafi da walda. Ana amfani da shi galibi don ƙera kayan haɗin bututun boiler masu matsin lamba da manyan sigogi, masu zafi mai ƙarfi, masu sake dumamawa, masu tattalin arziki da bangon ruwa a cikin sashin ƙananan zafin jiki; kamar ƙananan bututu masu diamita don dumama bututun saman da zafin bango na ≤500℃, da bangon ruwa Bututu, bututun mai tattalin arziki, da sauransu, manyan bututu masu diamita don bututun tururi da kan kai (mai tattalin arziki, bangon ruwa, babban mai dumama zafi mai ƙarancin zafi da kan mai dumama) tare da zafin bango na ≤450℃, da bututun mai matsakaicin zafin jiki na ≤450℃ Kayan haɗi da sauransu. Tunda za a yi amfani da ƙarfen carbon idan an yi aiki da shi na dogon lokaci sama da 450°C, zafin amfani na dogon lokaci na bututun saman dumama ya fi dacewa a iyakance shi zuwa ƙasa da 450°C. A cikin wannan kewayon zafin jiki, ƙarfin ƙarfe na iya biyan buƙatun manyan masu dumama da bututun tururi, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga iskar shaka, ƙarfin filastik, aikin walda da sauran kaddarorin sarrafawa mai zafi da sanyi, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai. Karfe da ake amfani da shi a cikin tanderun Iran (yana nufin naúrar guda ɗaya) shine bututun shigar da najasa (adadin shine tan 28), bututun shigar da ruwan tururi (tan 20), bututun haɗa tururi (tan 26), da kuma kan mai tsara tattalin arziki (tan 8).), tsarin rage dumama ruwa (tan 5), sauran ana amfani da su azaman ƙarfe mai faɗi da kayan busa (kimanin tan 86).

SA-210C (25MnG): Ita ce ƙarfin ƙarfe a ma'aunin ASME SA-210. Bututun ƙarfe ne mai ƙaramin diamita na carbon-manganese don tukunyar ruwa da na'urorin dumama mai ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfin zafi. China ta dasa shi zuwa GB5310 a shekarar 1995 kuma ta sanya masa suna 25MnG. Haɗin sinadarai yana da sauƙi sai dai yawan sinadarin carbon da manganese, sauran yana kama da 20G, don haka ƙarfin yawan amfanin sa ya fi kusan kashi 20% sama da 20G, kuma ƙarfinsa da taurinsa daidai yake da 20G. Karfe yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da kuma kyakkyawan aiki mai sanyi da zafi. Amfani da shi maimakon 20G na iya rage kauri bango da amfani da kayan aiki, A halin yanzu, inganta canja wurin zafi na tukunyar. Yanayin amfani da shi da zafin amfaninsa iri ɗaya ne da 20G, galibi ana amfani da shi don bangon ruwa, mai tsara tattalin arziki, mai sanya zafi mai ƙarancin zafi da sauran abubuwan da zafin aikinsu ya yi ƙasa da 500℃.

SA-106C: Ita ce matakin ƙarfe a ma'aunin ASME SA-106. Bututun ƙarfe ne na carbon-manganese don manyan boilers da superheaters don zafin jiki mai yawa. Haɗin sinadarai yana da sauƙi kuma yayi kama da ƙarfen carbon 20G, amma yawan carbon da manganese ɗinsa ya fi girma, don haka ƙarfin yawan amfanin sa ya fi na 20G sama da kashi 12%, kuma ƙarfinsa da taurinsa ba su da muni. Karfe yana da tsari mai sauƙi na samarwa da kuma kyakkyawan aiki mai sanyi da zafi. Amfani da shi don maye gurbin kanun 20G (mai tattalin arziki, bangon ruwa, babban zafi mai ƙarancin zafi da kanun sake dumamawa) na iya rage kauri na bango da kusan kashi 10%, wanda zai iya adana kuɗaɗen kayan aiki, rage nauyin walda, da inganta kanun. Bambancin damuwa a lokacin farawa.

15Mo3 (15MoG): Bututun ƙarfe ne a ma'aunin DIN17175. Bututun ƙarfe ne mai ƙaramin diamita na carbon-molybdenum don injin dumama mai zafi, A halin yanzu ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfi da zafi. China ta dasa shi zuwa GB5310 a cikin 1995 kuma ta sanya masa suna 15MoG. Haɗin sinadarai yana da sauƙi, amma yana ɗauke da molybdenum, don haka yayin da yake riƙe da aikin tsari iri ɗaya kamar ƙarfen carbon, ƙarfin zafinsa ya fi ƙarfen carbon kyau. Saboda kyakkyawan aiki da ƙarancin farashi, ƙasashe a duk faɗin duniya sun karɓe shi sosai. Duk da haka, ƙarfe yana da yanayin yin graphitization a cikin aiki na dogon lokaci a babban zafin jiki, don haka ya kamata a sarrafa zafin amfani da shi ƙasa da 510℃, kuma adadin Al da aka ƙara yayin narkewa ya kamata a iyakance shi don sarrafawa da jinkirta tsarin graphitization. Ana amfani da wannan bututun ƙarfe galibi don masu dumama mai ƙarancin zafi da masu sake dumama mai ƙarancin zafi, kuma zafin bango yana ƙasa da 510℃. Sinadarin sinadaransa shine C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; matakin ƙarfin wuta na yau da kullun σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Roba δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Ita ce matakin ƙarfe a ma'aunin ASME SA-209. Bututun ƙarfe ne mai ƙaramin diamita na carbon-molybdenum don tukunyar ruwa da na'urorin dumama mai ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfin zafi na pearlite. China ta dasa shi zuwa GB5310 a shekarar 1995 kuma ta sanya masa suna 20MoG. Haɗin sinadarai yana da sauƙi, amma yana ɗauke da molybdenum, don haka yayin da yake riƙe da aikin tsari iri ɗaya da ƙarfen carbon, ƙarfin zafinsa ya fi ƙarfen carbon kyau. Duk da haka, ƙarfe yana da halin yin graphitize a cikin aiki na dogon lokaci a babban zafin jiki, don haka ya kamata a sarrafa zafin amfani da shi ƙasa da 510℃ kuma a hana yawan zafin jiki. A lokacin narkewa, adadin Al da aka ƙara ya kamata a iyakance shi don sarrafawa da jinkirta tsarin graphitization. Ana amfani da wannan bututun ƙarfe galibi don sassa kamar bangon da aka sanyaya da ruwa, na'urorin dumama da na'urorin dumama, kuma zafin bango yana ƙasa da 510℃. Sinadarin sinadaransa shine C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; matakin ƙarfi mai daidaituwa σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; plasticity δ≥30.

15CrMoG: shine matakin ƙarfe na GB5310-95 (wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfe 1Cr-1/2Mo da 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si da ake amfani da su sosai a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya). Yawan sinadarin chromium ɗinsa ya fi na ƙarfe 12CrMo, don haka yana da ƙarfin zafi mafi girma. Lokacin da zafin ya wuce 550℃, ƙarfin zafinsa yana raguwa sosai. Idan aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a 500-550℃, ba zai faru ba, amma za a sami karɓuwa a cikin iskar carbon da sake rarraba abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfe, wanda duk zai haifar da zafin ƙarfe. Ƙarfin yana raguwa, kuma ƙarfen yana da juriya mai kyau a 450°C. Aikin yin bututu da walda yana da kyau. Ana amfani da shi galibi azaman bututun tururi mai matsin lamba da kan kai tare da sigogin tururi ƙasa da 550℃, bututun zafi mai zafi tare da zafin bangon bututu ƙasa da 560℃, da sauransu. Haɗin sinadarai shine C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40-0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; matakin ƙarfi σs≥ a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Roba δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) kayan ASME SA213 (SA335) ne na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka jera a China GB5310-95. A cikin jerin ƙarfe na Cr-Mo, ƙarfin zafinsa yana da girma sosai, kuma ƙarfin juriyarsa da matsin lamba da aka yarda da shi a daidai wannan zafin ya fi na ƙarfe 9Cr-1Mo. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi a cikin jiragen ruwa na wutar lantarki ta waje, wutar lantarki ta nukiliya da matsi. Yawancin aikace-aikacensa. Amma tattalin arzikin fasaha bai yi kyau kamar 12Cr1MoV na ƙasata ba, don haka ba a amfani da shi sosai a cikin kera tukunyar wutar lantarki ta cikin gida. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai lokacin da mai amfani ya buƙaci shi (musamman lokacin da aka tsara shi kuma aka ƙera shi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ASME). Karfe ba shi da saurin maganin zafi, yana da ƙarfin juriya mai ƙarfi da kyakkyawan aikin walda. Ana amfani da ƙananan bututun T22 a matsayin bututun dumama saman na'urorin dumama da na'urorin dumama waɗanda zafin bangon ƙarfe bai wuce 580℃ ba, yayin da manyan bututun P22 ana amfani da su ne musamman don haɗin zafi/na'urorin dumama waɗanda zafin bangon ƙarfe bai wuce 565℃ ba. Akwati da babban bututun tururi. Haɗin sinadarai shine C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; matakin ƙarfi σs≥280, σb≥ ƙarƙashin tempering mai kyau 450-600 MPa; Roba δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Karfe ne da aka jera a GB5310-95, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin manyan injinan dumama wutar lantarki na cikin gida, masu zafi da kuma manyan bututun tururi. Tsarin sinadarai da halayen injiniya iri ɗaya ne da na takardar 12Cr1MoV. Tsarin sinadarai yana da sauƙi, jimlar abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe bai wuce 2% ba, kuma ƙarfe ne mai ƙarancin carbon, mai ƙarancin ƙarfe. Daga cikinsu, vanadium na iya samar da VC mai ƙarfi tare da carbon, wanda zai iya sa chromium da molybdenum a cikin ƙarfe su kasance a cikin ferrite, kuma su rage saurin canja wurin chromium da molybdenum daga ferrite zuwa carbide, suna sa ƙarfe ya fi karko a yanayin zafi mai zafi. Jimillar abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfe a cikin wannan ƙarfe rabin ƙarfe ne kawai na ƙarfen 2.25Cr-1Mo da ake amfani da shi a ƙasashen waje, amma ƙarfin juriyarsa a 580℃ da 100,000 h ya fi na ƙarshe girma da kashi 40%; kuma tsarin samar da shi mai sauƙi ne, kuma aikin walda yana da kyau. Muddin tsarin sarrafa zafi yana da tsauri, ana iya samun cikakken aiki mai gamsarwa da ƙarfin zafi. Ainihin aikin tashar wutar lantarki ya nuna cewa ana iya ci gaba da amfani da babban bututun tururi na 12Cr1MoV bayan awanni 100,000 na aiki lafiya a 540°C. Ana amfani da manyan bututun diamita galibi azaman kanun labarai da manyan bututun tururi tare da sigogin tururi ƙasa da 565℃, kuma ana amfani da ƙananan bututun diamita don bututun saman dumama boiler tare da yanayin zafi na bango na ƙarfe ƙasa da 580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Karfe ne mai ƙarfi a GB5310-95. Karfe ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarancin carbon, mai ƙarancin ƙarfe (ƙaramin adadin ƙarfe da yawa) wanda ƙasata ta ƙirƙira kuma ta haɓaka a shekarun 1960. An haɗa shi cikin Ma'aikatar Ƙarfe ta YB529 tun daga shekarun 1970 -70 da kuma ma'aunin ƙasa na yanzu. A ƙarshen 1980, ƙarfen ya wuce kimantawa ta haɗin gwiwa ta Ma'aikatar Ƙarfe, Ma'aikatar Injina da Wutar Lantarki. Karfe yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya, kuma ƙarfin zafi da zafin sabis ɗinsa ya wuce na ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje iri ɗaya, yana kaiwa matakin wasu ƙarfe na chromium-nickel a 620℃. Wannan saboda akwai nau'ikan abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe da yawa da ke cikin ƙarfe, kuma ana ƙara abubuwa kamar Cr, Si, da sauransu waɗanda ke inganta juriya ga iskar shaka, don haka matsakaicin zafin sabis zai iya kaiwa 620°C. Ainihin aikin tashar wutar lantarki ya nuna cewa tsari da aikin bututun ƙarfe bai canza sosai ba bayan aiki na dogon lokaci. Ana amfani da shi galibi azaman bututun zafi mai zafi da bututun sake dumama na tukunyar zafi mai girman gaske tare da zafin ƙarfe ≤620℃. Haɗin sinadarai shine C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; matakin ƙarfi σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa a cikin yanayin zafi mai kyau; filastik δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Ita ce matakin ƙarfe a cikin ma'aunin ASME SA-213 (335). Kayan aiki ne don sassan ƙarfin nukiliya masu zafi (wanda kuma ake amfani da shi a wasu yankuna) waɗanda Rubber Ridge National Laboratory of the United States ya ƙera. An gina ƙarfen ne akan ƙarfe T9 (9Cr-1Mo), kuma yana da iyaka ga saman da ƙananan iyakokin abubuwan da ke cikin carbon. , Yayin da yake da iko sosai kan abubuwan da suka rage kamar P da S, akwai alamar 0.030-0.070% na N, akwai alamar abubuwa masu ƙarfi da ke samar da carbide na 0.18-0.25% na V da 0.06-0.10% na Nb don cimma daidaito. Ana samar da sabon nau'in ƙarfe mai jure zafi na ferritic ta hanyar buƙatun hatsi; shine matakin ƙarfe da aka jera a ASME SA-213, kuma China ta dasa ƙarfen zuwa ma'aunin GB5310 a shekarar 1995, kuma an saita ma'aunin a matsayin 10Cr9Mo1VNb; kuma ma'aunin ƙasa da ƙasa na ISO/ DIS9329-2 an jera shi a matsayin X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Saboda yawan sinadarin chromium (9%), juriyarsa ga iskar shaka, juriya ga tsatsa, ƙarfin zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma yanayin rashin yin zane sun fi ƙarfen ƙarfe masu ƙarancin ƙarfe. Molybdenum (1%) galibi yana inganta ƙarfin zafin jiki mai yawa kuma yana hana ƙarfen chromium. Yanayin karyewar zafi; Idan aka kwatanta da T9, yana da ingantaccen aikin walda da aikin gajiyar zafi, juriyarsa a 600°C ya ninka na ƙarshe sau uku, kuma yana kula da kyakkyawan juriyar tsatsa mai zafi na ƙarfen T9 (9Cr-1Mo); Idan aka kwatanta da bakin ƙarfe mai kama da austenitic, yana da ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗawa, kyakkyawan ƙarfin thermal, da ƙarfin juriya mafi girma (misali, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe mai kama da austenitic na TP304, jira har sai zafin jiki mai ƙarfi ya kai 625°C, kuma daidai zafin damuwa shine 607°C). Saboda haka, yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya, tsari mai ƙarfi da aiki kafin da bayan tsufa, kyakkyawan aikin walda da aikin sarrafawa, babban juriya da juriya ga iskar shaka. Ana amfani da shi galibi don masu dumama da masu sake dumamawa tare da zafin ƙarfe ≤650℃ a cikin boilers. Sinadarin sinadaransa shine C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤0.04, Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; matakin ƙarfi σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa a cikin yanayin tempering mai kyau; plasticity δ≥20.