Kua oati te EU ki te whai i ngā whāinga whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi, arā, kia 55% te whakaiti i ngā tukunga Hau Kākāriki (GHG) i te tau 2030, ki te whakataurite ki ngā taumata o te tau 1990, ā, kia noho kore pānga ki te āhuarangi i te tau 2050. Hei whakarite kia rite ki ēnei whāinga, kua waihangahia e te EU te anga Fit for 55 - he kōwhiringa whānui o ngā kaupapa here āhuarangi. Ko tētahi o aua kaupapa here ko te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro a te EU (CBAM), kei te whakatinanahia i tēnei wā.

He aha te CBAM?

Ko te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro (CBAM) he utu mō ngā tukunga waro mai i te whakaputanga o ētahi kawemai nui-waro, hei tāpiri atu ki te Kaupapa Hokohoko Tukunga a te EU (EU-ETS). Me rēhita ngā kawemai ki te kaupapa, me ripoata ngā tukunga o ā rātou hua me ngā tiwhikete hoko ka taea te whakamahi hei utu mō ngā tukunga kua whakaurua mai i ā rātou kawemai. Ko ngā utu waro kua utua i waho o te EU ka tangohia mai i te utu CBAM hei karo i ngā utu takirua, me te whakarite kia ōrite te utu waro puta noa i ngā hua ōrite katoa.

He aha te Kaupapa o te CBAM?

Nā te mea kua whakatūria he whāinga āhuarangi nui, kua whakaurua te CBAM e te EU hei karo i te turuturu waro, ka ārai i ngā mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga o te ao. I tēnei wā, ka puta te turuturu waro ina nekehia ngā ahumahi me ngā tukanga whakaputa e nui ana te waro ki waho o te EU, ina whakakapia rānei ngā hua o te EU ki ngā hua o tāwāhi kia iti ake ai ngā ture tukunga waro.

Ka mahi anō hoki te CBAM ki te waihanga i te utu ōrite mō ngā hua e ahu mai ana i roto, i waho hoki o te EU, me te whakatenatena i te whakamahi i ngā kōwhiringa whakaputa matomato me te tango waro i waho o te EU.

He aha ngā wātaka o te CBAM?

Wāhanga Whakawhiti: 1 o Oketopa 2023 - 31 o Hakihea 2025

Te rā e tukuna ai te pūrongo tuatahi: 31 o Hānuere 2024

Ngā ture pakari ake mō te tuku pūrongo: i muri i te 30 o Hune 2024 me te 31 o Tīhema 2024

Te Whakahaere Tūturu: mai i te 1 o Hānuere 2026

Ko wai te mea e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki?

Me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te CBAM ngā whakaritenga a te kamupene kawemai taonga. Kia tīmata te wā kua whakaritea, ko ngā kaiwhakapuaki whai mana anake (kua rēhita ki te CBAM, ā, e tutuki ana i te CBAM) ka whakaaetia ki te kawemai i ngā hua CBAM.

Ko ngā taonga e hiahiatia ana kia ripoatatia i raro i te CBAM i tēnei wā ko:

Sima

Rino me te maitai

Konumohe

Ngā tongi

Hauwai

Hiko

Ka arotakehia katoatia ngā hua i te mutunga o te wā whakawhiti, me te whakawhānui atu pea ki ētahi atu hua EU-ETS i te tīmatanga o te tau 2026. Ko te whāinga o te kaupapa kia uru atu ngā rāngai katoa o te ETS i te tau 2030.

He rerekētanga kei roto i tēnei kaupapa here mō ngā kawemai hua mai i ngā whenua i waho o te EU e whai wāhi ana ki te ETS, e whakamahi ana rānei i tētahi pūnaha hokohoko tukunga e hono ana ki te EU, pērā i te EEA me te Switzerland. Nā te mea kua rite kē te utu o te waro ki tērā i roto i te EU. Ahakoa te noho o tētahi UK-ETS, me ripoata ngā kawemai mai i te UK.

He aha ngā mahi a ngā kamupene whai mana hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga?

I te Wāhanga Whakawhiti

He wāhanga whakamātautau tēnei o te kaupapa i hangaia hei waihanga i ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana hei whakaoti i te tikanga tino tika, ā, hei āhei hoki i ngā kamupene ki te whakawhanake i ā rātou whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā tukanga kohikohi raraunga i mua i te tīmatanga o te kaupapa katoa. I tēnei wāhanga, kāore he tiwhikete hei hoko, engari ko te arotahi anake ki te tuku pūrongo. Me tuku ngā pūrongo mō ia hauwhā, kotahi te marama i muri i te otinga.

Ka taea te tono whakaroa, ka hoatu he 30 rā tāpiri mēnā he raruraru hangarau. Ka taea te whakatika i ngā pūrongo mō ngā marama e rua i muri i te mutunga o te hauwhā, ā, ka roa ake te wā whakatika mō ngā pūrongo tuatahi e rua tae noa ki te 31 o Hūrae 2024. Tērā pea he whiu mō te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka pā ki ngā kawemai.€10-50 mō ia tana o ngā tukunga kāore i pūrongotia, me ētahi atu whiu mō ngā pūrongo ngaro, kāore rānei i oti mēnā kāore he mahi e tangohia hei whakatika i ngā take.

Me whakauru ngā pūrongo:

Te rahinga o ngā kawemai o ia hua CBAM mā te whenua taketake me te wāhi whakaputa.

Ngā tukunga whakauru tika–Mō te nuinga o ngā hua anake CO₂me ripoata. Me ripoata hoki e ētahi maniua te N₂Me ripoata e O me ētahi hua konumohe ngā PFC.

Ngā tukunga ā-kore mō ngā hua katoa engari ko te hiko.

Te utu waro kua utua kētia i tētahi atu whenua me ētahi atu utu e wātea ana hei whakamārama i tēnei.

Te tikanga kohikohi raraunga e hiahiatia ana:

E toru ngā tikanga tuku pūrongo e whakaaetia ana i tēnei wā, ahakoa kei te whakakorea haeretia ēnei i tēnei tau kia waiho ko te tikanga whaimana a te EU anake mai i Hanuere 2025.

Te tikanga a te EU: mā te whakamahi i ngā tauwehenga tukunga me te nui o te wahie me ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei tatau i te tapeke o ngā tukunga, mā te ine rānei i ngā kukū GHG me ngā rerenga hau para mai i ngā pūtake tukunga.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ōrite, pērā i ērā nō te whenua i hangaia ai–whakaaetia kia tae ki te 31 o Hakihea 2024.

Te whakamahi i ngā uara tohutoro taunoa i whakaputaina e te komihana o te EU–whakaaetia kia tae ki te 30 o Hune 2024.

Mai i te tau 2025, ka whakaaetia ngā whakatau tata me ngā uara taunoa mēnā e hiahiatia ana, hei tauira, mēnā kāore e taea e te kaiwhakarato te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio e tika ana. Heoi, kāore ēnei e tino akiakihia, ā, me iti iho i te 20% o ngā tukunga katoa ina whakamahia. Me tautoko ngā whakatau tata katoa me te whakamahinga o ngā raraunga taunoa e tētahi whakamārama he aha i whakamahia ai. Kei te wātea ngā tauira whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mā ngā kaikawemai hei hoatu ki ngā kaiwhakarato hei āwhina i a rātou ki te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio katoa e tika ana.

I te wā o te Whakahaere Tūturu

Me rēhita, me whakamanahia hoki ngā kaikawemai katoa hei kaiwhakapuaki CBAM hei kawemai i ngā taonga CBAM. Ka hokona ngā tiwhikete CBAM e rite ana ki te utu hokohoko ā-wiki a ETS i roto i€/tēne CO₂Ia tau, me whakapuaki e ngā kaikawe mai ā rātou taonga CBAM i roto i tētahi pūrongo ā-tau, ka tukuna i te 31 o Mei o te tau e whai ake nei, me te tuku i ngā tiwhikete e whakaatu ana i te nui o ngā tukunga kua whakauruhia ki roto i ā rātou hua kawemai.

Mena kua utua kētia te utu waro ki tētahi atu whenua mō te hua, ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā tiwhikete e hiahiatia ana kia utua e te kai kawemai o te EU kia kore ai e utua takirua. I te wā e whakamutua ana ngā tahua kore utu ETS, ka mutu i te tau 2034, ko ngā tiwhikete anake e hiahiatia ana mō te toenga o ngā tukunga kāore i hipokina e ngā tahua.

Kāore anō kia whakatauhia ngā ture mō te pūnaha tuturu, ā, ka arotakehia i te mutunga o te wāhanga whakawhiti. Ko ngā kaupapa hei arotake ko: te maha o ngā hua e hiahia ana kia ripoatahia ngā tukunga ā-kore, ka taea te tango i tēnei whakaritenga mō te rino, te maitai, te konumohe me te hauwai; me te whakawhānui ake i ngā hua kei roto i ngā whakaritenga CBAM.