EU yakazvipira kuzvinangwa zvekuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze zvekuderedza kuburitswa kweGreenhouse Gas (GHG) ne55% panosvika gore ra2030, zvichienzaniswa nemazinga egore ra1990, uye kusapindira mune mamiriro ekunze panosvika gore ra2050. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana nezvinangwa izvi, EU yakagadzira hurongwa hweFit for 55 - sarudzo yakazara yemitemo yemamiriro ekunze. Imwe yemitemo yakadaro iEU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), iri muchikamu chekuvandudzwa.

Chii chinonzi CBAM?

Kabhoni Inogadziriswa Mechanism (CBAM) mutengo wekabhoni inoburitswa kubva mukugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinopinzwa zvine kabhoni yakawanda, zvichienderana neEU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). Vatengesi vanozofanira kunyoresa muchirongwa ichi, kuzivisa nezvekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvavo uye zvitupa zvekutenga izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kubhadhara kuburitswa kwekabhoni inoburitswa kubva muzvinhu zvavanopinzwa. Mari dzekabhoni dzakatobhadharwa kunze kweEU dzichabviswa kubva mukubhadhara kweCBAM kudzivirira kubhadhara kaviri uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mitengo yekabhoni yakaenzana pazvigadzirwa zvese zvakaenzana.

Chinangwa cheCBAM ndechei?

Mushure mekunge vagadzira zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze ane chinangwa chikuru, CBAM yakaunzwa neEU kudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni, izvo zvaizotadzisa kuedza kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo pasi rose. Muchiitiko ichi, kubuda kwekabhoni kwaizoitika kana maindasitiri anoshandisa kabhoni yakawanda uye maitiro ekugadzira akatamiswa kunze kweEU kana zvigadzirwa zveEU zvikatsiviwa nezvigadzirwa zvekunze kwenyika kuitira kuti zvitevedzerwe mitemo mishoma yekuburitswa kwemhepo nekabhoni.

CBAM inoshandawo kugadzira mitengo yakaenzana yezvigadzirwa zvinobva mukati nekunze kweEU, uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesarudzo dzekugadzira zvinhu zvakasvibira uye kubvisa kabhoni kunze kweEU.

Ndeipi nguva yeCBAM?

Chikamu Chekuchinja: 1 Gumiguru 2023 - 31 Zvita 2025

Mushumo wekutanga unofanira kunyorwa: 31 Ndira 2024

Mitemo yakaoma yekunyora mishumo: mushure me30 Chikumi 2024 na31 Zvita 2024

Hurongwa Hwakasimba: kubva 1 Ndira 2026

Ndiani Anofanira Kutevedzera Mutemo?

Chero ani zvake anopinza zvinhu zviri mumitemo yeCBAM anofanira kutevedzera. Kana nguva yakatarwa yatanga, vanhu vane mvumo chete (vakanyoreswa uye vanotevedzera CBAM) ndivo vachabvumidzwa kupinza zvigadzirwa zveCBAM.

Zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti zvinyorwe pasi peCBAM parizvino ndeizvi:

Simende

Simbi neSimbi

Aruminiyamu

Fetiraiza

Hydrogen

Magetsi

Pachava neongororo yakazara yezvigadzirwa pakupera kwenguva yekuchinja, pamwe nekuwedzerwa kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveEU-ETS kutanga kwa2026. Chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekusanganisira zvikamu zvese zveETS panosvika 2030.

Pane zvinorambidzwa pamutemo uyu wekupinza zvigadzirwa kubva kunyika dziri kunze kweEU dziri nhengo dzeETS kana kushandisa nzira yekutengesa utsi hwakabatana neEU, dzakadai seEEA neSwitzerland. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vatova nemutengo wekabhoni wakaenzana neuri muEU. Kunyangwe paine UK-ETS, zvinhu zvinobva kuUK zvinofanirwa kutaurwa nezvazvo.

Makambani Anokodzera Anofanira Kuita Sei Kuti Akwanise Kutevedzera Mutemo?

Munguva yeChikamu Chekuchinja

Ichi chikamu chekuedza chechirongwa chakagadzirirwa kugadzira ruzivo runodiwa kuti pave nehurongwa hwakatarwa, uye kuti makambani akwanise kutaurirana nevatengesi uye maitiro ekuunganidza data chirongwa chisati chatanga. Munguva iyi hapana zvitupa zvinotengwa, asi zvinongotarisa pakunyora mishumo chete. Mishumo inodiwa kota yega yega, inobhadharwa mwedzi mumwe chete mushure mekunge yapera.

Chikumbiro chekunonoka chinogoneka, zvichipa mamwe mazuva makumi matatu kana paine matambudziko ehunyanzvi. Mishumo inogona kugadziriswa kwemwedzi miviri mushure mekupera kwekota, uye mishumo miviri yekutanga iine nguva yakareba yekugadzirisa inogara kusvika 31 Chikunguru 2024. Kune zvirango zvekusatevedzera mitemo zvinodhura vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika.€10-50 patani yeutsi husina kutaurwa nezvahwo, pamwe nekurangwa kune mishumo isipo kana isina kukwana kana matanho asina kutorwa kugadzirisa matambudziko acho.

Mishumo inofanira kusanganisira:

Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinounzwa kubva kune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa cheCBAM nenyika yachinobva uye nzvimbo yekugadzira.

Kuburitswa kwemhepo zvakananga–Kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda chete CO₂inofanira kutaurwa. Mamwe mafetiraiza anofanirawo kutaura nezveN₂O nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zvinofanirwa kutaura nezvePFC.

Utsi husina kunanga kune zvigadzirwa zvese kunze kwemagetsi.

Mutengo wekabhoni wakatobhadharwa munyika yechitatu pamwe chete nemubhadharo uripo wekugadzirisa izvi.

Nzira inodiwa yekuunganidza data:

Pari zvino kune nzira nhatu dzinotenderwa dzekutaura, kunyange hazvo idzi dziri kubviswa gore rino kuti pave nenzira yepamutemo yeEU chete kubva muna Ndira 2025.

Nzira yeEU: kungave kushandisa zvinhu zvinoburitsa utsi uye huwandu hwemafuta nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuverenga huwandu hweutsi, kana kuyera huwandu hweGHG uye kuyerera kwegasi kubva kunobva utsi.

Kushandisa nzira dzakaenzana, dzakadai sedzinobva kunyika yekugadzirwa–zvinobvumidzwa kusvika 31 Zvita 2024.

Kushandisa mareferensi akajairika akaburitswa nekomisheni yeEU–zvinobvumidzwa kusvika 30 Chikumi 2024.

Kubva mugore ra2025 zvichienda mberi, fungidziro uye kukosha kwezvishandiso zvinotenderwa kana zvichidikanwa, semuenzaniso, kana mutengesi asingakwanise kupa ruzivo rwakakodzera. Zvisinei, izvi hazvikurudzirwi zvakanyanya uye kana zvichishandiswa zvinofanira kunge zviri pasi pe20% yezvese zvinoburitswa. Kufungidzira kwese uye kushandiswa kwedata rezvishandiso zvinofanirwa kutsigirwa netsananguro yekuti sei zvakashandiswa. Matemplate ekutaurirana anowanikwa kuti vanopinza vape kune vatengesi kuti vavabatsire kuunganidza ruzivo rwese rwakakodzera.

Munguva yeHutongi Hwakasimba

Vese vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofanira kunge vakanyoreswa uye vakapihwa mvumo yekupinza zvinhu zveCBAM. Zvitupa zveCBAM zvichatengeswa zvinoenderana nemutengo wekutengesa wevhiki nevhiki weETS muna€/tonne CO₂Gore rega rega vanopinza zvinhu vanofanira kuzivisa zvinhu zveCBAM zvavanopinza mumushumo wegore negore, unoburitswa musi wa31 Chivabvu gore rinotevera, uye vopa zvitupa zvinoratidza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa muzvigadzirwa zvavo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Kana mitengo yekabhoni yakambobhadharwa kune imwe nyika yechigadzirwa ichi, huwandu hwezvitupa zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa nevanopinza zvinhu muEU huchaderedzwa zvichienderana neizvi kudzivirira kubhadharwa kaviri. Munguva yekubuda kwezvitupa zvemahara zveETS, zvinopera muna 2034, zvitupa zvinongodiwa chete kune chikamu chasara cheutsi husina kuvharwa nezvitupa.

Mitemo yehurongwa hwakatarwa haisati yapedziswa uye ichaongororwa pakupera kwechikamu chekuchinja. Misoro yekuongorora inosanganisira: huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinoda kuburitswa kwemhepo isina kunanga, zvingangobvisa chinodiwa ichi chesimbi, simbi, aruminiyamu nehydrogen; uye kuwedzera kwezvigadzirwa zviri muzvinodiwa zveCBAM.